WEEK 9 HEAD AND NECK ANATOMY

Question 1

What are the bones of the neurocranium?

Answer 1

Parietal (x2) 
Temporal (x2) 
Frontal 
Occipital 
Ehtmoid 
Spehoid

Question 2

What are the bones of the viscerocranium?

Answer 2

Nasal (x2) 
Lacrimal (x2) 
Inferior nasal concha (x2)
Maxilla (x2) 
Palantine (x2) 
Zygomatic (x2)
Mandible
Vomer

Question 3

What is the splancocranium and what constitutes this?

Answer 3

Derived from pharyngeal arches; cartilage and endochronal bone like in ear ossicles(incus, malleus, stapes), styloid process, hyoid

Question 4

What lies within the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 4

Frontal lobe of cerebrum

Question 5

What lies within the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 5

Temporal lobe of cerebrum

Question 6

What lies within the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 6

Cerebellum

Question 7

Which bones make up the roof of the orbit?

Answer 7

Frontal and Sphenoid bone (lesser wing)

Question 8

Which bones make up the floor of the orbit?

Answer 8

Zygomatic, palantine, maxilla bones

Question 9

Which bones make up the medial wall of the orbit?

Answer 9

Lacrimal, maxilla, ethmoid bone

Question 10

Which bones make up the lateral wall of the orbit?

Answer 10

Frontal bone, sphenoid bone (greater wing), zygomatic bone

Question 11

Where does the maxillary sinus exit?

Answer 11

Into middle meautus

Question 12

Where does the frontal sinus exit?

Answer 12

Into the middle meatus (meatus is the space b/w the conchae)

Question 13

Where does the sphenoidal sinus exit?

Answer 13

Above superior concha

Question 14

Where does the ethmoid sinus exit?

Answer 14

Into the superior and middle meatus

Question 15

What is the pathway of air through body?

Answer 15

1. Air enters nasopharynx
2. Then oropharynx
3. Then laryngopharynx

Question 16

What is the calvaria?

Answer 16

The ‘skullcap’ of the cranium consisting of Frontal, Parietal and Occipital bones

Question 17

Which bones form the cranial base?

Answer 17

Sphenoidal and temporal

Question 18

What are the superior and inferior tmeporal lines for?

Answer 18

Muscle attachment for anterior and posterior temporalis muscles

Question 19

What is an important feature of the sphenoid bone?

Answer 19

Sella turcica- has a large anastomosis (if there is blockage in arteries supplying brain, collateral circualation occurs via arteries to supply brain.

Question 20

What are the 3 foramina in the sphenoid bone?

Answer 20

Rotundum
Ovalle
Spinosum

Question 21

What is an important feature of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 21

Crista Galli and cribriform plate. (crista galli means cocks comb)

Question 22

What does contraction of the pterygoid muscle do?

Answer 22

Elevates the mandible (jaw closing) and moves it forward (protrusion)

Question 23

Where do the pterygoid muscles attach?

Answer 23

Pterygoid plate

Question 24

Where does the temporal mandibular joint of the mandible sit?

Answer 24

in the mandibular fossa

Question 25

What is the function of the occipital condyles in occipital bone?

Answer 25

To articulate with the C1 (atlas) vertebra- superior facets

Question 26

What does the coronal suture connect?

Answer 26

The frontal with parietal bone

Question 27

What does the squamous suture connect?

Answer 27

Parietal with temporal bones

Question 28

What does the lambdoid suture connect?

Answer 28

Parietal bone with occipital

Question 29

What does the sagittal suture connect?

Answer 29

The right and left parts of the parietal bone

Question 30

What is the attachment site for the masseter muscle?

Answer 30

Ramus and angle

Question 31

What is the attachment site for the pterygoid muscle?

Answer 31

Internal angle

Question 32

What process is reabsorbed if you lose adult teeth?

Answer 32

The alveolar process;houses the tooth

Question 33

What is the most variable region of the mandible?

Answer 33

Mandibular sympysis as the most stress is placed on this when chewing

Question 34

When do sutures form?

Answer 34

After the fontanelles have fused

Question 35

What is the function of fontanelles?

Answer 35

Allow passage through birth canal and post natal growth (anterior and posterior fontanelle)

Question 36

What is the weakest part of the skull?

Answer 36

Pterion (H shaped suture)

Question 37

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

Answer 37

Aids with swallowing and speech - Only bone not to articulate with another bone - Provides major muscle attachment with muscles of pharynx and of the neck

Question 38

What vertebral level is the hyoid bone?

Answer 38

C3

Question 39

Where does the hyoid bone attach?

Answer 39

To the larynx below and pharynx posteriorly

Question 40

What does the obicularis oculi do?

Answer 40

Closes the eye

Question 41

What does the occipitofronalis muscle do?

Answer 41

Raises the eyebrows

Question 42

What does the buccinator and obicularis oris do?

Answer 42

Blows out the cheeks with pout

Question 43

What does the obcularis oris do?

Answer 43

Just pouts the mouth

Question 44

What are the major muscles of mastication innervated by?

Answer 44

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve. (V3)

Question 45

What are the jaw closing muscles?

Answer 45

Temporalis, Masseter (attaches on mandible and zygomatic bone) and medial pterygoid

Question 46

What is the jaw opening muscle?

Answer 46

Lateral pterygoid

Question 47

Do all the muscles of mastication produce the same force?

Answer 47

NO they all produce different forces to be in dynamic equilibrium.

Question 48

What does the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) do?

Answer 48

Helps elevation and depression, protrusion, retrusion, lateral deviation

Question 49

What is lateral deviation?

Answer 49

one condyle will protrude whilst opposite condyle will spin around vertical axis (ispilateral-same side or contralateral opposite sides)

Question 50

What are the muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 50

Superior constrictor, middle constrictor and inferior constrictor (2 parts)

Question 51

Where does the superior constrictor attach?

Answer 51

To the oropharynx

Question 52

Where does the middle constrictor attach?

Answer 52

Laryngopharynx

Question 53

Where does the inferior constrictor attach?

Answer 53

Laryngopharynx

Question 54

What does the first part of the inferior constrictor consist of ?

Answer 54

superior component (thyropharyngeus) - oblique fibres that attach to THYROID CARTILAGE (adams apple)

Question 55

What does the second part of the inferior constricro consist of ?

Answer 55

inferior compartment (circopharyngeus).Has horizontal fibres that attach to cricoid cartilage(cartilage links larynx with trachea)

Question 56

What are the extrinsic muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 56

Elevators and depressors ; suprahyoid and infrahyoid groups of muscles, and stylopharyngeus muscle

Question 57

What does the suprahyoid group of muscles consist of?

Answer 57

Mylohydoid Stylohyoid Digastric Geniohyoid (MSdG)

Question 58

What does the infrahyoid group of muscles consist of?

Answer 58

Omohyoid Sternohyoid Thyrohyoid Sternothyroid (OSTS)

Question 59

What elevates the larynx?

Answer 59

Suprahyoid and stylopharyngeus muscles

Question 60

What depresses the larynx?

Answer 60

Infrahyoid muscles