Week 9 - Important concepts Flashcards
Chronic, relapsing medication condition
Addiction
Most prevalent medical condition, cause of preventable death and contributor of excess health spending
Addiction
State of being determined, influenced, or controlled by something else; subordination to someone or something needed or greatly desired
Dependence
When a substance is required for normal physiological or psychological function
Dependence
Risk factors for addiction.
Where?
Where - doesn’t discriminate - in all societies, cultures, classes, genders
Risk factors for addiction
Who is at risk?
- Genetic factors (40-60%)
- Males
- Childhood trauma
- Learning disorders and ADD/ADHD
- Mental illness (depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis, ADH)
What are some reasons people use drugs?
Feels good, relieves boredom, acceptance and peer pressure, escape, relieve pain, etc.
What are the different addiction theories?
Neurobiologic Psychologiacl Social Spiritual Public Health
Describe the neurobiologic theories of addictoin.
Drugs activate the reward pathway (dopamine) when taken in excess
Prolonged use may alter brain structure/chemistry
Use interferes with voluntary control which persists beyond withdrawal - responsible for relapse
Psychological theories of addiction
- Addiction is considered a _______ disorder
- Occurs in a _______ _______,in which an ________ predisposed state determines the ________ that is induced
behavioural
vulnerable phenotype, in which an intrinsic predisposed state determines the neuroplasticity that is induced
Describe the social theories of addiction
All societies have the problem of addiction.
The issue is related to substance availability, legislation and health policies.
Describe a prominent group related to spiritual theories.
Spirituality is an integral component of the 12 step tradition of AA.
However, not necessarily religious, but concept of “something bigger than me”
- doesn’t absolve the person of responsibility, but can guide recovery
Spiritual theories:
- Recovery from addiction is often motivated by or achieved through ________ experiences
spiritual
Describe public health theories.
Considers interactions between host, agent, vector, environment
Host = individual
Agent = substance
Vector = supplier
Environment = cultural, political, economic contexts
Tries to explain the prevalence and existence of substance use
SUD
- New in the DSM-V is the aspect of ________
- Based on the pathological patterns of ___ behaviours
- Mild - ?
- Moderate - ?
Severe - ?
- Level of severity may fluctuate over _____
culture 11 Mild - 2-3 Moderate - 4-5 Severe - 6+ Level of severity may fluctuate with time
There are 4 categories of behaviour related to SUD. What are they?
Impaired control over use
Social impairment
Risky use
Pharmacologic
This isn’t addiction yet, but an earlier intervention can be started.
Impaired control of use
What are different signs of impaired control of use?
Taking larger doses than prescribed Excess amounts of illicit substances Longer duration than recommended Failed attempts at cessatoin Cravings
Telling feature of an impending SUD
Cravings
Social impairment:
- Failure to cope at these locations
- Continued use despite ______/__________ problems as a direct result
- Avoiding/ceasing important _______ activities
home, work, school
social/interpersonal
social
Continued use in hazardous situations
i.e. continued use despite known physical/psychological problems either caused or exarcerbated by substance
Risky use
Pharmacologic - Category of behaviour - describe
Needing to increase dose to achieve same results - i.e. regular dose no longer achieving desired effects
What do we see in the pharmacologic category of behaviour in addiction?
Tolerance - needing a larger dose to achieve the same effect
Withdrawal - non-specific criteria but generally thought to include cravings, tremors, sweating, vomiting, etc.
What is London’s biggest drug problem?
Meth
