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Microbiology > Week 9 NBE Skills Review > Flashcards

Week 9 NBE Skills Review Flashcards

1
Q

The simplest and smallest forms of life known

A

viruses

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2
Q

Do viruses require an electron microscope to see them?

A

Yes

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3
Q

True or False: Some consider viruses to not be alive because they cannot metabolize their own energy or reproduce themselves without the components of another living cell.

A

True

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4
Q

Are viruses obligate intracellular parasites?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Viruses are so small that they pass through biological filters. True/False

A

True

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6
Q

Most antibiotics work by interrupting the metabolism of bacteria. Does this work on viruses?

A

No

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7
Q

The basic structure of a virus includes:
-a nucleic acid core composed of 1 or 2 types: either DNA or RNA
-the nucleic acid core is surround by a protein coat called a capsid
-the capsid is composed of individual structural sub-units called capsomeres
-some viruses also have an envelope around the capsid (but not all viruses)
-mature infectious viruses are called virions
-there are numerous ways to classify viruses, but we will do so ‘according to the tissue of preferred growth’

A

True

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8
Q

Dermotropic diseases

A

diseases of the skin

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9
Q

Smallpox is a dermotropic disease. True/False

A

True

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10
Q

Smallpox is caused by what virus?

A

Variola

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11
Q

How is smallpox transmitted?

A

via droplet spray or fomites contaminated with droplet spray

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12
Q

Smallpox cause the sudden appearance of what?

A

a skin rash that progresses through a series of stages that ends with lesions scabbing over and falling off after about 3 or 4 weeks

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13
Q

Has smallpox been eradicated around the world by vaccination?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Measles are also known as

A

Rubeola or Red measles

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15
Q

Rubeola

A

Red measles

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16
Q

How are measles/rubeola/red measles transmitted?

A

direct contact with nasal or throat secretions of infected individuals

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17
Q

One of the most contagious of the childhood rash diseases

A

measles/rubeola/red measles

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18
Q

True/False Measles is an acute, highly contagious disease.

A

True

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19
Q

Where on the body does the rubeola/measles/red measles rash begin and move toward?

A

the rash begins at the head and moves downward

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20
Q

Which disease manifests with ‘Koplik spots (small white spots) forming on the gums and inside of the cheeks’?

A

Measles/Rubeola/Red Measles

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21
Q

What does the MMR vaccine stand for?

A

Measles, Mumps, Rubella

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22
Q

German measles are also known as

A

Rubella or three-day measles

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23
Q

Which is a milder form of measles: rubella or rubeola?

A

Rubella (German Measles)

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24
Q

How are the German Measles/Rubella/3-day Measles transmitted?

A

direct contact with nasal or throat secretions of infected individuals

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25
Q

what color rash is indicative of Rubella?

A

pale pink rash

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26
Q

What are the symptoms of German Measles?

A

pale pink rash and slight fever
-the rash begins at the head and moves downward

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27
Q

Which disease is most dangerous in pregnant women during the first trimester?

A

Rubella

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28
Q

What outcomes could occur when Rubella is contracted by a pregnant women in the first trimester?

A

miscarriage, stillbirth, or several serious birth deffects

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29
Q

Chickenpox is also known as

A

Varicella

30
Q

Chickenpox is caused by what virus?

A

Varicella Zoster

31
Q

Varicella Zoster virus causes which diseases?

A

-Chicken pox in children
-Shingles in adults

32
Q

Which is more readily transmitted- chickenpox or shingles?

A

chickenpox

33
Q

Chickenpox causes what?

A

generalized, itchy, vesicular rash

34
Q

How is chickenpox transmitted?

A

via droplet spray or through the vesicular fluid of the lesions

35
Q

What is the progression of the chickenpox lesions?

A

begins as smooth, red spots that develop into blisters that last 3-4 days before forming crusty scabs

36
Q

In addition to the rash, what are other symptoms of chickenpox?

A

-fever
-general ill feeling

37
Q

Do chickenpox rashes usually appear all at once?

A

No. They tend to appear in 2-4 successive crops, rather than all at once

38
Q

Where can chickenpox lesions appear

A

Nearly anywhere:
-scalp
-vagina
-cornea
-in the mouth
-conjunctiva
-in the upper respiratory system

39
Q

Shingles are also known as

A

Herpes zoster

40
Q

Shingles is caused by what virus?

A

Varicella Zoster

41
Q

Chickenpox is Type __ herpes.

A

Type 3

42
Q

What does Zoster mean in Greek?

A

Belt/Girdle

43
Q

Shingles rashes are more prevalent on what parts of the body?

A

head, neck, upper torso

44
Q

Shingles primarily occurs in which demographic of people?

A

older adults and immunocompromised individuals

45
Q

In addition to the rash, what symptoms does Shingles cause?

A

localized numbness, tingling, and often severe pain

46
Q

Is there treatment for shingles?

A

No, except to treat the symptoms after getting the disease

47
Q

Is there a vaccine for people who are at-risk for Shingles?

A

Yes

48
Q

Which is Herpes Simplex Type 1?

A

the cold sores one

49
Q

Which is Herpes Simplex Type 2?

A

the STD

50
Q

How many types of Herpes are there?

A

Eight

51
Q

Herpes simplex I and II are both recurrent viral infections. True/False

A

True

52
Q

After first infection with Herpes, does the person become a carrier?

A

Yes

53
Q

Does the herpes virus remain latent in the nerve sheaths of sensory nerves?

A

Yes

54
Q

Is there a cure for herpes simplex 1 or 2?

A

No, recurrences will continue for life

55
Q

What are common triggers for herpes simplex 1 or 2?

A

-fever
-menses
-stress
-overexposure to sun

56
Q

How is Herpes Simplex type 1 (cold sore one) transmitted?

A

oral and respiratory secretions

57
Q

What does Herpes Simplex type 1 cause?

A

cold sores and fever blisters

58
Q

What part of the body does Herpes Simplex Type 1 affect?

A

skin and mucous membranes

59
Q

Herpes Simplex Type 2 is transmitted by

A

sexual contact

60
Q

What does Human Papilloma Virus cause?

A

genital warts

61
Q

What is the progression of the genital warts caused by HPV?

A

-begins as tiny, soft, moist, pink or red swellings
-they grow rapidly and may develop stalks

62
Q

Can Human Papilloma Virus be transmitted in childbirth?

A

Yes

63
Q

Pneumotropic diseases

A

diseases of the respiratory tract

64
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Influenza (the flu)?

A

-fever
-chills
-sore throat
-cough
-runny nose
and sometimes
-headache
-muscle pain
-possible vomiting

65
Q

The common cold is also known as

A

coryza

66
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Common Cold

A

-nasal congestion
-mild sore throat
-runny nose
and sometimes:
-runny eyes
-headache

67
Q

Hantavirus is what kind of disease?

A

severe, life-threatening respiratory disease

68
Q

Which disease is attributed to the “Four Corners” area of the U.S.? (Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah)

A

Hantavirus

69
Q

How is Hantavirus contracted?

A

inhalation of dried feces, urine, saliva of the long-tailed deer mouse

70
Q

Portals of entry for Hantavirus

A

open wounds, abrasions, or by ingestion

71
Q

Hantavirus signs/symptoms

A

non-descript flu-like with fever, muscle aches, and coughing
Also, back pain develops–indicating lung problems
*lungs rapidly deteriorate and fill with fluid
*respiratory failure and shock = death within 5-7 days

Microbiology (5 decks)

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