What is ultrasound?
Reflection of sound waves
Magnetic Resonance Image
Physics
Gold standard for imaging brain & spinal cord
Pt is subjected to magnetic field
Magnet puts tissues in order
Radio frequency coil disrupts order
Scanner scans image produced by change in molecular energy
Creates slices of images
MRI veterinary equipment
MRI = Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Open-sided (claustrophobic) scanners
Special buildings need to house MRI units
Special restraint for MRI
MRI images produced
“Anatomical likeness”
MRI of canine brain
Helical CAT scans
Tube spins
When to use CAT scan or MRI?
Stroke => CAT scan
Brain tumor => MRI (more definition)
Mobile CAT scan units
Continuous radiation = PPE a must!
Not as expensive as MRI
CAT
Computerized Axial Tomography
Lion Scan
Slices are taken
Veterinary CAT imaging
CAT images provide detail and contrast
Veterinary Thermography
Heat-sensitive camera
Company creating these cameras = FLIR - Forward Looking InfraRed
Veterinary Therapy Lasers
(Surgical lasers = destroy tissue)
Therapy lasers - common (low power)
Drive light (diff. colors) through tissue
Helps cells heal better
Stimulate fibroblasts
Increase blood supply
Operator needs to wear protective glasses (can blind you)
Laser purchase cost about $500
MoA of Therapy Laser
Box w/light probe
Things to look for when purchasing a laser:
Power output & frequency of light (=color; common is red/orange)
Shock Wave Therapy
Lithotripsy
Transcutaneous “Injection” of Targeted Sound Pressure Waves
Machine is not cheap
Pressure is measured in bars
Transcutaneous (=w/jelly through skin into tissue)
Cavitation => negative pressure/tissue is decompressed
MoA of Lithotripsy
Kidney stones
Human Application of Shock Wave Therapy
Shoulder pain
Equine/Canine Shock Wave Therapy
Transducer changes electrical energy into sound energy
Comes with foot pedal
Horse ailments that can be treated with this:
- Navicular
- Suspensory ligament
- Bursitis
Equine Shock Wave Therapy
Pulse waves of high pressure sound
- many times more energetic than U/S
Pressure & Cavitation areas develop
- these stimulate neoangiogenesis and analgesia
Application areas
- bone and Fx healing
- Tendons and Suspensory Ligament tears
- Navicular bone inflammatory disorders
Animals nn to be sedated or under GA
Good evidence of efficacy
Equine Tendons and Ligaments
Enemy of transmission of shock wave is air
=
Need coupling gel
Define neoangiogenesis
New BV formation
Canine Extra Corporeal (outside of body) Shock Wave Therapy
e.g. Achilles tendon rupture, bisipital tendinitis
Equine Gamma Scintigraphy
Gamma cameras take pics of gamma radiation
Radioactive isotopes (e.g. i131, Strongium, Tektonium) are given IV
Isotopes distribute in bloodstream, go to tissue where it gets stuck/collects and shows up on films
Can detect bone cancer this way
Metabolized by body and washed out
Better than MRI in certain situations
PPE critically important
