Week Eight: Urinary System

Question 1

What is the function of the kidneys?

Answer 1

Maintain homeostasis

Question 2

How do kidneys maintain homeostasis?

Answer 2

Through filtration, reabsorption, secretion
Fluid balance regulation
Acid-base balance regulation
Production of hormones

Question 3

What cavity are the kidneys found in?

Answer 3

Retroperitoneal

Question 4

In most domestic animals, right kidney is more ______ than the left

Answer 4

Cranial

Question 5

Where is the hilus?

Answer 5

Indented area on medial side of the kidney (where ureters, nerves, blood, and lymph vessels enter and leave the kidney)

Question 6

What is the renal pelvis?

Answer 6

Funnel-shaped area inside the hilus

Forms beginning of ureter

Question 7

What type of cell is the renal pelvis lined with?

Answer 7

Transitional epithelium

Question 8

What is the renal cortex?

Answer 8

Outer portion of the kidney

Question 9

What is the renal medulla?

Answer 9

Inner portion around the renal pelvis

Question 10

What is the calyx?

Answer 10

Cuplike extension of the renal pelvis where the medullary pyramids fit

Act as funnels to direct fluid into renal pelvis

Question 11

What is a nephron?

Answer 11

Basic function unit of kidneys

Question 12

What does a nephron consist of?

Answer 12

Renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule

Question 13

Where is the renal corpuscle located?

Answer 13

In renal cortex

Question 14

What is the function of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 14

Filters blood in first stage of urine production

Question 15

What is glomerular filtrate?

Answer 15

Fluid filtered out of blood

Question 16

What are glomerulus?

Answer 16

“tuft” of capillaries

Question 17

What is the renal corpuscle composed of?

Answer 17

Glomerulus and is surrounded by Bowman’s capsule

Question 18

What is the proximal convoluted tubule? (PCT)

Answer 18

Continuation of capsular space of Bowman’s capsule

Question 19

What type of cell is PCT lined with?

Answer 19

Cuboidal epithelial cells

Question 20

What type of cell is the descending part of the Loop of Henle composed of?

Answer 20

Epithelial cells

Question 21

At the bottom of the loop of Henle, the epithelial cells flatten to what type of cell?

Answer 21

Simple squamous epithelial cells

Question 22

Where does the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) empty into?

Answer 22

Collecting ducts

Question 23

Where does the renal artery enter the kidney at?

Answer 23

The hilus

Question 24

The renal artery divides into smaller arteries and arterioles and ends as what?

Answer 24

Glomerulas

Question 25

Afferent glomerular arterioles carry blood into...

Answer 25

Glomerular capillaries of renal corpuscle

Question 26

Glomerular capillaries filter some of the plasma out of blood and put it in the capsular space of....

Answer 26

Bowman's capsule

Question 27

Efferent glomerular arterioles divide to form what?

Answer 27

Peritubular capillaries

Question 28

Where does oxygen transfer take place in the urinary system?

Answer 28

Peritubular capillaries

Question 29

Peritubular capillaries converge to form venules, then larger veins, and finally the...

Answer 29

Renal vein

Question 30

The renal vein leaves the kidneys at the _______ and joins the ______ portion of the caudal vena cava

Answer 30

Hilus; abdominal

Question 31

True or False | Glomerular capillaries contain fenestrations large enough to allow blood cells or large proteins to pass through

Answer 31

False, not large enough

Question 32

What is Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Answer 32

How fast plasma is filtered through glomerulus

Question 33

Glucose and amino acids attach to ____ carrier protein and follow sodium into the cell by passive transport

Answer 33

The same carrier

Question 34

During sodium reabsorption, how is sodium moved into the PCT?

Answer 34

Sodium attaches to carrier protein that moves it into the PCT

Question 35

During sodium reabsorption, sodium is pumped out of the cell into _____ _____, where it moves into peritubular capillaries

Answer 35

Interstitial fluid

Question 36

Where are sodium ions reabsorbed?

Answer 36

Loop of Henle and DCT

Question 37

Where do potassium and calcium reabsorption take place?

Answer 37

In the PCT, ascending loop of Henle, and DCT

Question 38

Calcium moves from the filtrate under the influence of what three things?

Answer 38

Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin

Question 39

Where is magnesium reabsorbed from?

Answer 39

PCT, ascending loop of Hnele, and collecting duct

Question 40

Where does secretion in the urinary system primarily occur?

Answer 40

In the DCT

Question 41

What three things are eliminated by secretion in the urinary system?

Answer 41

Hydrogen, potassium, and ammonia

Question 42

What is urine volume regulation determined by?

Answer 42

Amount of water contained in the tubular filtrate when it reaches renal pelvis

Question 43

What is urine volume regulation controlled by?

Answer 43

Actions of ADH and aldosterone

Question 44

Aldosterone _____ reabsorption of sodium | Increase or decrease

Answer 44

Increases

Question 45

Ureters leave the kidney at the...

Answer 45

Hilus

Question 46

What kind of muscle is found in the ureters?

Answer 46

Smooth muscle

Question 47

What type of cell is the urinary bladder lined with?

Answer 47

Transitional epithelium

Question 48

What is micturition or uresis?

Answer 48

Expulsion of urine from the urinary bladder into the urethra

Question 49

A spinal reflex returns a motor impulse to bladder muscles causing them to...

Answer 49

Contract

Question 50

What gives the sensation of having to urinate?

Answer 50

Contraction of the bladder

Question 51

What carries urine from the urinary bladder to the external environment?

Answer 51

Urethra