Week One

Question 1

Combination of two or more different tissues that have specific functions

Answer 1

Organ level

Question 2

Two or more organs which function together for a common purpose

Answer 2

Organ system

Question 3

Consists of atoms and molecules

Answer 3

Chemical level

Question 4

Made up of organelles and are the fundamental units of life

Answer 4

Cellular level

Question 5

Groups of similar cells and their extracellular matrix joined together to perform the same general function.

Answer 5

Tissues

Question 6

All the body systems functioning together

Answer 6

Organism

Question 7

Level 1: levels of organization

Answer 7

Chemical level

Question 8

Level 2: levels of organization

Answer 8

Cellular level

Question 9

Level 3: levels of organization

Answer 9

Tissue level

Question 10

Level 4: levels of organization

Answer 10

Organ level

Question 11

Level 5: levels of organization

Answer 11

Organ system

Question 12

Level 6: levels of organization

Answer 12

Organism level

Question 13

When a capillary is damaged, a platelet plug is formed. The process involves platelets sticking to each other. The more platelets that stick together, the more the plug attracts additional platelets. This is an example of:

Answer 13

positive feedback

Question 14

A neurosurgeon orders a spinal tap for a patient. Into what body cavity will the needle be inserted?

Answer 14

vertebral cavity

Question 15

An accident victim has a collapsed lung. Which cavity has been entered?

Answer 15

pleural

Question 16

Term used to describe the pressure receptors (sensors) that detect changes in blood pressure located in the walls of the aortic arch and the carotid sinuses that measure the degree of stretch in the vessel wall.

Answer 16

baroreceptors

Question 17

Refers to abdominopelvic organs that lie outside of the parietal peritoneum. Includes: Kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, urinary bladder and certain parts of the intestine.

Answer 17

retroperitoneal

Question 18

Term used to describe a condition of dynamic constancy – the organism’s ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite changes inside and outside the body

Answer 18

homeostasis

Question 19

Process in which the body senses an internal change and activates mechanisms that reverse or that change. Mechanism reverses the direction of the initial change in condition.

Answer 19

negative feedback

Question 20

Blood Pressure [ Select ] when a person goes from a lying to standing position. When you stand up, gravity causes blood to settle in the [ Select ] part of your body.

Answer 20

drops, lower

Question 21

Blood pressure receptors known as [ Select ] (sensors) detect change in blood pressure. The baroreceptors are specialized [ Select ] neurons located in the walls of the [ Select ] and the carotid sinuses that measure the degree of stretch in the vessel wall.

Answer 21

baroreceptors, sensory, arotic arch

Question 22

Information is sent from sensors to the [ Select ] (control center) via sensory nerves. The [ Select ] (control center) analyzes the change in blood pressure and sends a nerve impulse to the heart and blood vessels (mainly arterioles), both of which are [ Select ] , to correct the decrease in blood pressure.

Answer 22

medulla oblongata , medulla oblongata , effectors

Question 23

Heart rate and amount of blood pumped are increased causing an increase in blood pressure. Vasoconstriction of arterioles [ Select ] blood pressure.Thus if BP is too high or too low, a reflex change in cardiac output is initiated in order to correct it. This example is [ Select ] feedback because the response (increased blood pressure) reverses the direction of the initial change (decreased blood pressure).

Answer 23

increases, negative

Question 24

Area where trunk meets the thigh

Answer 24

inguinal

Question 25

Pertaining to the cheek

Answer 25

buccal

Question 26

Pertaining to the arm

Answer 26

brachial

Question 27

Pertaining to the wrist

Answer 27

carpal

Question 28

Pertaining to the fingers

Answer 28

digital or phalangeal

Question 29

Pertaining to the anterior surface of the knee

Answer 29

patellar

Question 30

Pertaining to the thumb

Answer 30

pollex

Question 31

Pertaining to the breastbone

Answer 31

sternal

Question 32

Pertaining to the ear

Answer 32

otic

Question 33

Pertaining to the eye

Answer 33

orbital or ocular

Question 34

Pertaining to the ankle

Answer 34

tarsal

Question 35

Pertaining to the big toe

Answer 35

hallux

Question 36

Pertaining to the posterior of the knee

Answer 36

popliteal

Question 37

Pertaining to the posterior of the elbow

Answer 37

olecranal or cubital

Question 38

Pertaining to the shoulder blade

Answer 38

scapular

Question 39

Pertaining to the heel

Answer 39

calcaneal

Question 40

Blood vessels, heart

Answer 40

Cardiovascular

Question 41

Pancreas, pituitary, adrenal glands

Answer 41

Endocrine

Question 42

Kidneys, bladder, ureters

Answer 42

Urinary

Question 43

Testis, vas deferens, urethra

Answer 43

Reproductive

Question 44

Esophagus, large intestine, rectum

Answer 44

Digestive

Question 45

Breastbone, vertebral column, skull

Answer 45

Skeletal

Question 46

Brain, nerves, sensory receptors

Answer 46

Nervous

Question 47

Lungs and associated passageways (Nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi)

Answer 47

Respiratory

Question 48

Skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands

Answer 48

Integumentary

Question 49

The branch of biological science that studies and describes how body parts work or function

Answer 49

Physiology

Question 50

The study of the shape and structure of body parts

Answer 50

Anatomy

Question 51

Name of the quadrant that contains organs such as the majority of the liver, gall bladder, colon, small intestines, and right kidney

Answer 51

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Question 52

Name of the quadrant that contains organs such the majority of the stomach and pancreas, spleen, colon, small intestines, and left kidney

Answer 52

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Question 53

Name of the quadrant that contains organs such as the appendix, colon, and small intestine.

Answer 53

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

Question 54

Name of the quadrant that contains such organs as the colon and small intestines and does not contain the appendix.

Answer 54

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Question 55

Term for the maintenance of a relatively stable internal body temperature.

Answer 55

Thermoregulation

Question 56

The part of the brain that is involved in the maintenance of a relatively stable internal body temperature.

Answer 56

Hypothalamus

Question 57

Term for a fever-producing substance

Answer 57

Pyrogen

Question 58

Blood pressure receptors known as _____________________ (sensors) detect change in blood pressure.

Answer 58

Baroreceptors

Question 59

Baroreceptors within the walls of the aortic arch and the carotid sinuses send information about blood pressure to what part of the brain? Hint: it is located within the brain stem.

Answer 59

Medulla oblongata

Question 60

Normal body temperature taken with an oral thermometer averages what in degrees Celsius?

Answer 60

37

Question 61

Normal body temperature taken with an oral thermometer averages what in degrees Fahrenheit?

Answer 61

98.6

Question 62

Term for agents that relieve or reduce fever by inhibiting synthesis of certain prostaglandins within the hypothalamus and thus inhibit the effects of pyrogens to reset the hypothalamic thermostat. Hint: Aspirin which is an NSAID is an example of this.

Answer 62

Antipyretics

Question 63

Term for the type of receptors that the hypothalamus receives temperature input from in the skin.

Answer 63

Peripheral thermoreceptors

Question 64

Term for the type of receptors that monitor blood temperature and are located in the body core (organs of thoracic and abdominal cavities) and the hypothalamus of the brain.

Answer 64

Central thermoreceptors

Question 65

One specific type of pyrogen is interleukin -1 (IL-1). When released from a phagocyte like a macrophage, IL-1 circulates to the hypothalamus and induces hypothalamic neurons to secrete _______________________ that reset the hypothalamic thermostat at a higher temperature.

Answer 65

Prostaglandins

Question 66

Antipyretics such as aspirin and ibuprofen are agents that relieve or reduce fever by inhibiting synthesis of certain prostaglandins within the _______________________ and thus inhibit the effects of pyrogens to reset the hypothalamic thermostat.

Answer 66

Hypothalamus

Question 67

The breakdown of food into molecules which provide the energy needed to sustain life is referred to as ____

Answer 67

catabolism

Question 68

The process whereby unspecialized cells become specialized cells is ____

Answer 68

differentiation

Question 69

Occurs for growth, repair, or replacement, or the production of new cells.

Answer 69

reproduction

Question 70

The smallest functional unit that is alive in the body

Answer 70

Cells

Question 71

All living things are composed of one or more _______

Answer 71

Cells

Question 72

Term for the total of all chemical reactions that occur in the body.

Answer 72

metabolism

Question 73

The term for synthesis type of reactions that buildup

Answer 73

anabolism

Question 74

A radioactive tracer is induced into the heart to trace the possibility of a blockage in or around the uterus. Give the sequence of body cavities that the tracer would go through as the tracer travels in the blood from the heart through the aorta and uterine artery.

Answer 74

pericardial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

Question 75

Name the type of section that passes vertically thru the body and divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.

Answer 75

frontal or coronal section

Question 76

Name the type of section that passes thru the body and divides the body into superior and inferior sections.

Answer 76

transverse or cross section

Question 77

Type of section that passes vertically thru the body – Divides the body into equal right and left portions.

Answer 77

midsagittal section

Question 78

Type of section that passes thru the body at an angle

Answer 78

oblique section

Question 79

Type of section that passes vertically thru the body – Divides the body into unequal right and left portions

Answer 79

parasagittal section

Question 80

Rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes and maintains the body fluid volume, pH, and electrolyte levels.

Answer 80

Urinary

Question 81

Is affected by the removal of the thyroid gland

Answer 81

Endocrine

Question 82

Provides support and levers on which the muscular system can act

Answer 82

Skeletal

Question 83

Includes the heart

Answer 83

Cardiovascular

Question 84

Protects underlying organs from drying out and protects against mechanical damage. Includes the skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands

Answer 84

Integumentary

Question 85

Protects the body: destroys bacteria and tumor cells

Answer 85

Lymphatic/Immune

Question 86

Breaks down foodstuffs into small particles that can be absorbed

Answer 86

Digestive

Question 87

Removes carbon dioxide from the blood and supplies oxygen. Regulates blood pH and produces vocal sounds

Answer 87

Respiratory

Question 88

Moves limbs; allows facial expression

Answer 88

Muscular

Question 89

Conserves body water or eliminates excesses

Answer 89

Urinary

Question 90

Provides for conception and childbearing

Answer 90

Reproductive

Question 91

Controls the body with chemicals called hormones

Answer 91

Endocrine

Question 92

Is damaged ·when you cut your finger or get a severe sunburn

Answer 92

Integumentary

Question 93

Name of the medical imaging procedure that uses X-ray beams that arc at multiple angles around the body, producing a cross-sectional picture and can be used to produce 3D images?

Answer 93

computerized tomography, CT or CAT scan

Question 94

High-frequency sound waves produced by a hand-held transducer reflect back to produce an image on a video monitor

Answer 94

ultrasound

Question 95

Uses magnetic field and radio waves to produce image

Answer 95

magnetic resonance imaging, MRI

Question 96

A single barrage of x-rays passes through the body and produces a two-dimensional image of the interior of the body

Answer 96

conventional radiograph, CR

Question 97

Substance that can be used to make hollow or fluid-filled structures visible in radiographs. Example: Barium

Answer 97

contrast medium

Question 98

Noninvasive imaging procedure and uses no radiation, but is not indicated for pregnant women or persons with pacemakers or metal joints that are influenced by a magnet.

Answer 98

magnetic resonance imaging, MRI

Question 99

armpit

Answer 99

axillary

Question 100

thigh region

Answer 100

femoral

Question 101

buttock area

Answer 101

gluteal

Question 102

Belly button" area

Answer 102

umbilical

Question 103

genital area

Answer 103

pubic

Question 104

anterior aspect of elbow

Answer 104

antecubital

Question 105

base of skull

Answer 105

occipital

Question 106

ear

Answer 106

otic

Question 107

cheek

Answer 107

buccal

Question 108

chin

Answer 108

mental

Question 109

forearm

Answer 109

antebrachial

Question 110

arm

Answer 110

brachial

Question 111

wrist

Answer 111

carpal

Question 112

breast

Answer 112

mammary

Question 113

groin

Answer 113

inguinal

Question 114

anterior surface of knee

Answer 114

patellar

Question 115

hollow area behind the knee

Answer 115

popliteal

Question 116

region between the anus and external genitals

Answer 116

perineal

Question 117

sole of foot

Answer 117

plantar

Question 118

fingers

Answer 118

digital or phalangeal

Question 119

toes

Answer 119

digital or phalangeal

Question 120

mouth

Answer 120

oral

Question 121

big toe

Answer 121

hallux

Question 122

thumb

Answer 122

pollex

Question 123

area of the shoulder blade

Answer 123

scapular

Question 124

Name the body system that functions in the removal of nitrogenous wastes and maintains body fluid volume, pH, and electrolyte levels.

Answer 124

urinary

Question 125

Name the body system that contains the pancreas, pituitary and adrenal glands

Answer 125

endocrine

Question 126

Name the body system that supplies oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide and regulates blood pH

Answer 126

respiratory

Question 127

Name the system that contains the epididymis, vas deferens and mammary glands

Answer 127

reproductive

Question 128

Process of new cell from preexisting cells that are genetically identical to parent cell. Used for growth, repair, or replacement

Answer 128

mitosis

Question 129

Name the body system that helps eliminate wastes, prevents desiccation, heat loss, and pathogen entry, and aids in vitamin D production.

Answer 129

integumentary

Question 130

Type of cell division that results in the production of sex cells (sperm, eggs) to give rise to a new individual.

Answer 130

meiosis

Question 131

About 99% of you body weight is composed of what elements

Answer 131

carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, oxygen, hydrogen

Question 132

Feedback systems have three basic components. The [answer1] monitors and detects changes (stimulus) in a condition.

Answer 132

sensor or receptor

Question 133

The [answer2] receives and processes the information from the receptor and sets the range of values at which the condition should be maintained.

Answer 133

control center

Question 134

The [answer3] is the cell or organ that receives output from the control center and produces a response that changes the condition by either depressing the original stimulus known as [answer 4], or enhancing the original stimulus known as [answer 5].

Answer 134

effector, negative feedback, positive feedback

Question 135

Anatomical position is a reference standard position. Which of the following descriptions is not correct in describing anatomical position?

Answer 135

Face is turned to the side

Question 136

Above or higher in position; toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body

Answer 136

Superior

Question 137

Below or lower in position; away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body

Answer 137

Inferior

Question 138

Relating to the belly side of the body; toward the front. Used synonymously with anterior in human anatomy

Answer 138

Ventral

Question 139

Relating to the back side of the body; toward the back. Used synonymously with posterior in human anatomy

Answer 139

Dorsal

Question 140

Toward or at the midline of the body

Answer 140

Medial

Question 141

Away from the midline of the body

Answer 141

Lateral

Question 142

Close to the origin of a structure or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Answer 142

Proximal

Question 143

Farther from the origin of a structure or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Answer 143

Distal

Question 144

On the same side of the body's midline as another structure

Answer 144

Ipsilateral

Question 145

On the opposite side of the body's midline from another structure

Answer 145

Contralateral

Question 146

The abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities are subdivisions of the body cavity

Answer 146

ventral cavity

Question 147

This body cavity is totally surrounded by bone and provides very good protection to the structures it contains

Answer 147

vertebral or spinal cavity

Question 148

Person lying face upward

Answer 148

supine

Question 149

Person lying face downward

Answer 149

prone

Question 150

Cavity that consists of the cranial cavity and vertebral canal

Answer 150

dorsal

Question 151

Heat, lungs, and intestine are all located in what cavity?

Answer 151

ventral cavity

Question 152

pleural, mediastinal, and pericardial are terms that refer to regions of the ______

Answer 152

thorax

Question 153

The division between the abdomen and the thorax is marked by a structure known as the ______

Answer 153

diaphragm

Question 154

The urinary bladder, rectum, and internal reproductive organs are located in the ________ cavity

Answer 154

pelvic

Question 155

Serous membrane that lines the surface of the lungs

Answer 155

visceral pleura

Question 156

Serous membrane that lines the surface of the heart (also called the epicardium)

Answer 156

visceral pericardium

Question 157

Serous membrane the lines the chest wall around the lungs and covers the superior surface of the diaphragm

Answer 157

parietal pleura

Question 158

Serous membrane that lines the abdominal wall and covers the inferior surface of the diaphragm

Answer 158

parietal peritoneum

Question 159

Condition in which there is distention of the peritoneal cavity due to accumulation of several liters of serous fluid

Answer 159

ascites