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Vital Signs > week one > Flashcards

week one Flashcards

1
Q

when to measure vital signs

A
  • on admission
  • per physician
  • changes in patients condition
  • before and after major procedure
  • during blood transfusion
  • after medications or interventions that affect vitals
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2
Q

normal temp ranges for adult

A

96.8-100.4

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3
Q

normal oral/tympanic temp range

A

97.6-99.6

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4
Q

normal rectal temp

A

98.6-100.4 (most accurate)

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5
Q

normal axilla temp

A

96.6-98.6

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6
Q

normal pulse range

A

60-100 bpm

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7
Q

normal respiration rage

A

12-20 bpm

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8
Q

normal blood pressure range in adults

A

less than 120/80 mmHg

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9
Q

what range is considered pre-hypertensive blood pressure

A

systolic 120-139

diastolic 80-89

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10
Q

what range is considered hypertensive blood pressure

A

systolic > 140

diastolic > 90

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11
Q

what range is considered hypotensive

A

systolic < 90 and symptomatic!

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12
Q

what are the temperature sites

A 
oral
rectal
axillary
tympanic
temporal artery
esophageal
pulmonary artery
urinary bladder
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13
Q

what is our thermostat controlling temperature

A

hypothalamus

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14
Q

what does BMR and shivering show

A

heat production

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15
Q

what does radiation, diaphoresis (sweating), conduction (touching) show

A

heat loss

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16
Q

what affects body temp

A 
age
hormonal level
environment
exercise
circadian rhythm
temp alterations
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17
Q

what does pyrexia mean

A

fever

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18
Q

when is a fever not harmful

A

below 102.2

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19
Q

if fever is present when should you check temp

A

several times throughout day

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20
Q

inability to promote heat loss or reduce production

A

hyperthermia

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21
Q

what is it called with a body temp of 104 F or more

A

heatstroke

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22
Q

signs and symptoms of heatstroke

A

dry hot skin
excess thirst, muscle cramps
no sweating
vital signs; increased heart rate, decreased BP

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23
Q

prolonged exposure to cold decreases body ability to produce heat

A

hypothermia

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24
Q

what is it called whit a body temp of < 86-96.8

A

hypothermia

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25
fehrenheit to celsius conversion
(F-32) x 5/9
26
celsius to fahrenheit conversion
(9/5 x C) + 32
27
most frequently used methods of attaining temp
oral
28
approx. one degree lower than core temp
oral
29
easily influenced by hot or cold foods
oral temp
30
most reliable measure or core temp
rectal
31
where do you place rectal thermometer in adults
1 1/2 in
32
where do you place a rectal thermometer in child
1 in
33
where do you place the rectal thermometer in infant
1/2 in
34
when taking rectal temp what should you check before taking
when was their last bowel movement because it could affect readings
35
what is the safest method of temperature taking
axillary
36
how long must you keep axillary thermometer in place
5-10 minutes
37
what is the most rapid means of temp measurment
tympanic
38
what is the diaphragm of stethoscope used for
high pitch sounds
39
what is the bell of stethoscope used for
low pitch sounds
40
what are the sites to access pulse
radial apical corotid dorsalis pedis
41
when should you take apical pulse (2)
if radial is abnormal and if taking meds that affect HR
42
what site do you NOT measure pulse bilaterally
carotid because patient will pass out
43
when checking pulse in dorsalispedis what is important
don't have to count pulse this just tells us there is circulation status to the foot
44
what are the 4 characters of assessment of pulse
rate, rhythm, strength, and equality
45
how is pulse deficit found
one person taking radial and another taking apical for full minute then find the difference = pulse deficit
46
what is ventilation
movement of gases into and out of the lung
47
what is diffusion
movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and red blood cells
48
what is perfusion
distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries
49
how many breaths/minute
rate
50
regular/irregular
rhythm
51
deep, normal, shallow
depth
52
ventilation of normal rate and depth
eupnea
53
rapid breathing then slow breathing then one last breath
cheyne-stokes respiration
54
SpO2 is
arterial saturation
55
what is the acceptable range of SpO2
95%-100%
56
light absorption with phot detector
pulse oximetry
57
SpO2 level below 90%
hypoxemia
58
force exerted against the blood vessels by the blood
blood pressure
59
major factor underlying stroke and frequently has NO symptoms
hypertension
60
symptoms including skin mottling, clamminess, confusion, increased heart rate, or decreased urine output is
hypotension
61
what is ideal when taking blood pressure
same arm every reading avoid IV sites ask patient not to speak rest 5 min before assessing
62
symptoms of hypertension
thickening of walls loss of elasticity family history
63
symptoms of hypotension
90 mmHg dilation of arteries loss of blood volume decrease of blood flow to vital organs
64
alternate blood pressure sites
thigh and arterial line
65
what is considered the 5th vital sign
pain
66
what should you remember about vital sign of pain
``` PQRST provokes quality region severity timing ```
67
when should you always reassess pain when giving medication for it
30 minutes after medication is given
68
what is the complete cycle of vital signs
``` temperature blood pressure respirations pulse pain ```
69
when should vital signs be taken
same time everyday
70
febrile
feverish; pertaining to fever
71
afebrile
without fever
72
FUO
fever of unknown origin
73
conduction
transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact
74
evaporation
transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas
75
radiation
transfer of heat from surface of one object to surface of another without direct contact between the two
76
convection
transfer of heat away by air movement
77
diaphoresis
visible perspiration
78
tympanic
ear canal
79
dyspnea
the sensation of difficult or labored breathing
80
orthopnea
sensation of breathlessness in the recumbent position
81
hyperthermia
inability to promote heat loss or reduce production
82
hypothermia
prolonged exposure to cold decreases bodys ability to produce heat
83
temporal
forehead

Vital Signs (1 decks)

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