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Basic Nursing (AC) > Week Six: Diagnostic Sampling > Flashcards

Week Six: Diagnostic Sampling Flashcards

1
Q

What is a veterinary technicians role in diagnostic sampling?

A

Prepare, collect, submit information

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2
Q

Venipuncture samples should be collected with…

A
  • Minimal stress to patient
  • Minimal trauma to vessels
  • Minimal discomfort to patient
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3
Q

What does stress affect on some laboratory tests?

A
  • Leukogram
  • Cortisol
  • Glucose
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4
Q

The gauge of the needle depends on what?

A
  • Vessel size
  • Amount of blood required
  • Intended use of the sample
  • Technician preference
  • Species and size of patient
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5
Q

What are the common venipuncture sites for cats?

A

Femoral, jugular, cephalic

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6
Q

What are the common venipuncture sites for dogs?

A

Jugular, cephalic, lateral saphenous

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7
Q

What is the best vein to draw from?

A

Jugular

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8
Q

What is an LTT or PTT?

Does it contain an anticoagulant? If so what is/are they?

A

Lavender or Purple top tube

Yes; EDTA

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9
Q

What are LTTs used for?

A

CBC and BUN

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10
Q

What does BUN stand for?

A

Blood uria nitrogen (used for kidney tests)

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11
Q

What is a RTT?

Does it contain an anticoagulant? If so what is/are they?

A

Red top tube

No

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12
Q

List some characteristics of a RTT

A

Can have a separator; Serum Separator tube or Tiger Top tube

When spun, produces serum

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13
Q

What is a GTT? (more common one)

Does it contain an anticoagulant? If so what is/are they?

A

Green top tube

Yes; Heparin sometimes Lithium

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14
Q

Heparin is always in ________ tubes

Lithium are always in _________ tubes

A

Glass

Plastic

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15
Q

When a Green top tube is spun, what does it produce?

A

Plasma

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16
Q

What is a BTT?

Does it contain an anticoagulant? If so what is/are they?

A

Blue top tube

Yes; Sodium citrate

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17
Q

What is important to remember about a BTT?

A

NEVER remove the top

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18
Q

What is a GTT (less common one)

Does it contain an anticoagulant? If so what is/are they?

A

Grey top tube

Yes; Oxylate

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19
Q

What is produced from a grey top tube when it’s spun?

A

Plasma

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20
Q

What information concerning the patient do you need to know prior to venipuncture?

A

When last medication was given
Do they have a bleeding disorder?
Have they eaten today?

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21
Q

If plasma is a red color, what is the term and cause?

A

Hemolytic; multiple (human) errors

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22
Q

If plasma is a yellow color, what is the term and cause?

A

Icteric; liver failure

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23
Q

If plasma is a white color, what is the term and cause?

A

Lipemic; fat, diabetes, hypothyroidism

24
Q

If plasma is pink, what is the term(s) and cause?

A

Hemolytic and lipemic; fat, diabetes, hypothyroidism and/or multiple errors

25
Q

What should the plasma color in a normal blood sample?

A

Clear

26
Q

What are some common collection techniques for urine?

A
  • Voided sample
  • Manual bladder expression
  • Catheterization
  • Cystocentesis
27
Q

What is a voided collection of urine?

A

Also known as a free catch

When you collect a midstream sample

28
Q

When is a voided collection not an acceptable means of collecting urine?

A

For a culture; bacteria, cells, debris from hair, skin, and genitourinary tract may mess up findings

29
Q

True or False:

Urine can be collected from a cage floor

A

True

30
Q

Never manually express the bladder of a _______

A

(Blocked) Tom cat

31
Q

What is an indwelling catheter?

A

Stays in the animal

32
Q

What are some complications of catheterization?

A

UTI (from indwelling catheter)
Urethral inflammation (from bacterial infection)
Trauma (Causes increased RBCC, protein, and transitional epithelial cells)

33
Q

What units does urethral catheter sizing use?

A

French units

34
Q

What are polypropylene urinary catheters?

A

Long, clear, rigid, and easy to pass into the urinary bladder

35
Q

What are foley catheters?

A

Used as indwelling urinary catheters

Softer, flexible, more comfortable, and self retaining

36
Q

How do you place a catheter in a male dog?

A

Pull penis out, put catheter in

37
Q

Are catheters more frequent in females or males?

A

Males

38
Q

True or False

A catheter should never be sutured in

A

False, a catheter can be sutured in

39
Q

What is a cystocentesis?

A

Go into bladder to collect urine

40
Q

What does it mean if you see bacteria in a urine sample?

A

Animal has a UTI

41
Q

Cystocentesis can aid in the localization of…

A
  • Hematuria
  • Pyuria
  • Bacteriuria
42
Q

What are some complications of a cystocentesis?

A
  • Laceration of the bladder

- Laceration of the bowel

43
Q

What are some contraindications for cystocentesis?

A
  • Inadequate urine in the bladder
  • Patient resists restraint
  • Patient resists abdominal palpation
44
Q

Never perform a cysto on patients with:

A
  • Recent abdominal surgeries
  • Abdominal trauma
  • Suspected bleeding disorders
  • Pyometra
  • Suspected caudal abdominal or bladder tumors
45
Q

What supplies do you need for a cysto?

A
  • 22g 1-1.5 in needle

- 6mL or larger syringe

46
Q

Removal of the entire volume of urine increases the risk of what?

A

Contact between the needle and the bladder wall

47
Q

Gross and microscopic examinations of feces are done to look for:

A
  • mucus
  • Blood
  • Intestinal parasites
  • Ova
48
Q

What are some alternative collection methods of feces?

A
  • Lubricated fecal loop

- Lubricated gloved finger

49
Q

What are the four steps for fecal?

A
  1. Gross (describe it-blood, grass)
  2. Float (Fecalizer–>fecasol—->look for ova/eggs under 10X)
  3. Smear* (heat with lighter then stain, look under 40X)
  4. Direct (Grab saline and put on poop, create poop soup, look for bacteria, Giardia, Spirochetes, ect. under 40X)
50
Q

What is the procedure for staining?

A

Blue, red, purple

51
Q

What are ear cytologies used for?

A

Detect:

  • Cocci
  • Rods
  • Yeast
  • See parasites
52
Q

What is an FNA?

A

Fine needle aspirate

Used to acquire fluid samples or tissue cells from: dermis, viscera, lymph node

53
Q

Cytologic samples aid in differentiation between…

A
  • Inflammation
  • Hyperplasia
  • Neoplasia
54
Q

What is TNTC?

A

Too numerous to count

55
Q

What are the supplies needed for an FNA?

A

25 to 22g needles
3-6mL syringes
Clean glass microscope slides
Surgical scrub and alcohol for skin prep

Basic Nursing (AC) (7 decks)

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