Week Three (Part One)

Question 1

Chronic Hepatitis

Definition:

Answer 1

Continuation of Hepatitis inflammation and necrosis for longer than 6 months

Question 2

Chronic Hepatitis

Causes:

Answer 2

Alcohol
Drugs
Autoimmune
Virus (Chronic Persistent, Chronic Active)

Question 3

Chronic Hepatitis

Causes
Autoimmune (Describe):

Answer 3

Mainly in young women
Unknown origin
Environmental agent triggering an autoimmune response directed at the liver cell antigens

Question 4

Chronic Hepatitis

Causes
Virus- Chronic Persistent (Describe):

Answer 4

Minimal liver necrosis and benign course
No symptom or mild symptom
May progress to chronic active hepatitis

Question 5

Chronic Hepatitis

Causes
Virus- Chronic Active (Describe):

Answer 5

Progressive liver destruction leading to cirrhosis, liver failure, or death
Persistence of clinical symptoms

Question 6

Cirrhosis

Mechanism (Pathology):

Answer 6

Diffuse fibrosis and conversion of normal liver structure into fibrous tissue and formation of constrictive bands, disrupting flow in the vascular and biliary channels.

Obstruction to blood flow leads to portal hypertension.

Obstruction of bile flow leading to destruction of liver cells (and then liver failure).

Question 7

Cirrhosis

Causes:

Answer 7

Alcohol (most common)
Hepatitis
Biliary Obstruction
Cardiac Failure
Metabolic Disorder (hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease)

Question 8

Cirrhosis

Classification (List):

Answer 8

Postnecrotic Cirrhosis
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Question 9

Cirrhosis

Classification 
Postnecrotic Cirrhosis (Describe):

Answer 9

The liver is formed by small to large nodules of fibrous tissue.

Predisposing factor in hepatic cancer when caused by HBV.

Question 10

Cirrhosis

Classification
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (Describe):

Answer 10

Progressive inflammation and scarring of small intrahepatic bile ducts leading to the scaring of the liver tissue. The liver becomes enlarged and takes on green blue hue.

Autoimmune mechanism.

Question 11

Cirrhosis

Classification
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (Describe):

Answer 11

Unknown etiology.

Inflammation and fibrosis of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts leading to cholestasis and destruction of the liver structure.