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DM Theory > Week3 > Flashcards

Week3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the objective of restorative dentistry

A

To replace diseased or lost tooth structure; restore tooth for function and appearance

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2
Q

Dental materials in oral environment must be? (6)

A

Biocompatible
Durable
Nonreactive in acid or alkaline conditions
Compatible with other materials
Esthetically acceptable
Tolerable to differing temp & forces

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3
Q

Dental materials are classified by their use which includes (3)

A

Preventive/ therapeutic materials
Restorative materials
Auxiliary materials

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4
Q

What are examples of preventive /therapeutic materials

A

Pit and fissure sealants
Mouth guards
Fluoride

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5
Q

What is a direct restoration

A

Placed immediately and directly into the prepared tooth in a pliable state then sets to harden

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6
Q

What is an indirect restoration

A

Customized tooth replacements, fabricated in the lab

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7
Q

What are examples of auxiliary materials

A

Impression materials
Gypsum
Dental waxes
Finishing and polishing materials

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8
Q

What is a nickel allergy

A

Adverse response from breakdown of the materials components (nickel) in oral environment

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9
Q

What is force

A

Push pull or twist or a combination of these

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10
Q

What is stress

A

The force (weight) applied at the surface will create stress within the object that tries to resist the weight

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11
Q

What is strain

A

The amount of change that the force has produced on the object

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12
Q

What is normal Masticatory forces on the occlusal surface of molar teeth

A

28,000 lbs/square inch on a cusp tip

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13
Q

What are the 3 basic types of forces

A

Compressive (pushing together)
Tensile (pulls and stretches)
Shearing (slice apart)

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14
Q

Compressive forces deal with which teeth

A

Posterior teeth

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15
Q

Torsion force is aka

A

Torque

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16
Q

Describe torsion force (torque)

A

Twisting force that has tensile and compressive forces
-descriptive of normal Masticatory events

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17
Q

What is flexural stress

A

Bending stress
Combo of tension and compression

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18
Q

What is more likely to fracture under compressive stresses

A

Porcelain

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19
Q

Desirable materials should have ___ solubility

A

Low solubility

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20
Q

What are examples of materials with low solubility

A

Gold and porcelain

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21
Q

What is galvanism

A

Phenomenon of electrical current being transmitted between two dissimilar metals

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22
Q

What is the current that may result in stimulation to the pulp

A

Galvanic shock

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23
Q

What are excellent thermal conductors

A

Metals

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24
Q

What are poor thermal conductors

A

Non metals (ceramics, composite resins)

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25
Q

Dental materials in the mouth are subjected to temperature changes which can result in

A

Thermal expansion

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26
Q

If the thermal expansion of the restoration does not match the expansion of the tooth what may occur

A

Microleakage

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27
Q

What is percolation

A

The space between the tooth and the restoration

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28
Q

What is interface

A

The space between the walls of the preparation and the restoration

29
Q

Mechanical retention involves the use of

A

Undercuts or other projections into which the material is locked in place

30
Q

The surface of composite resins may have

A

A rougher surface than enamel

31
Q

What aids in the identification/detection of restorative materials

A

Illumination and air

32
Q

For a restorative material to function properly it must be (3)

A

Hard (hardness)
Strong (yield strength)
Stiff (modulus)

33
Q

What are the three basic forms that materials may take on

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

34
Q

What is a defining characteristic of a solid

A

Is has shape and volume

35
Q

If the pattern are arranged in a random form with no pattern the solid is less

A

Stable (amorphous)

36
Q

The denser the material is the less

A

Air or spacing there is between atoms

37
Q

Which tooth structure is described as being the most dense

A

Enamel

38
Q

Which restorative material is classified as being the most dense

A

Gold

39
Q

Hardness is used to define a materials resistance to

A

Wear and abrasion

40
Q

Tooth structure and biomaterial that are classified as the hardest materials and more resistant to being scratched

A

Enamel
Porcelain

41
Q

What tests can be done to test hardness

A

Knoop test
Rockwell test

42
Q

What is ultimate strength

A

Max amount of stress a material can withstand without breaking

43
Q

If the deformation is not permanent and the material recovers from the force completely then

A

It has good elasticity

44
Q

What is stiffness and what is it measured by

A

Resistance to deformation of a biomaterial and is measured by young’s elastic modulus

45
Q

Suffer materials have a _____ modulus

A

Higher

46
Q

High value (modulus elastic value) indicates that the material is

A

Very rigid (enamel)

47
Q

Low value (modulus elastic value) indicates the material is

A

Flexible

48
Q

What is proportional limit

A

The greatest stress a structure can withstand without permanent deformation

49
Q

When stress exceeds this point called the proportional limit the object

A

Does not return to its original shape

50
Q

What is resilience
Example?

A

The resistance of a biomaterial to permanently deform
(Ortho arch wire)

51
Q

What is toughness

A

Ability of a biomaterial to resist fracture

52
Q

What is malleability

A

Ability for a material to be compressed without breaking

53
Q

Ductility is the

A

Amount of dimensional change a material can withstand without breaking
-materials with poor ductility are classified as brittle

54
Q

What is fatigue in terms of dental materials

A

Occurs within a material when it is subjected to repeat stresses; can result in sudden failure or fracture of the material

55
Q

Viscosity refers to

A

The resistance of a liquid to flow

56
Q

Thin fluids have

A

Low viscosity

57
Q

Thick fluid have

A

High viscosity

58
Q

The viscosity of a liquid usually _____ as the temp increases

A

Decreases

59
Q

What are thixotropic materials

A

Liquids that flow more easily under mechanical forces
(Ex. Fluoride gel)

60
Q

What are examples of direct restorations

A

Amalgam
Composite
Sealants

61
Q

What are examples of indirect restorations

A

Inlays
Onlays
Crowns
Bridges
Implants

62
Q

What is the manipulation stage

A

Mixing and working time

63
Q

What is reaction stage

A

Initial and final set

64
Q

Mixing time refers to

A

Length of time from beginning of mixing time to the beginning of working time

65
Q

Working time refers to

A

Time permitted to manipulate the material in the mouth

66
Q

Initial set time refers to

A

Time begins when the dental material no longer can be manipulated in the mouth

67
Q

Final set time refers to

A

Material has reached its ultimate state

68
Q

High temperatures and humidity will accelerate the

A

Reaction of the material

DM Theory (7 decks)

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