Week3

Question 1

What is the mass effect of the pituitary?

Answer 1

the tumor is large enough to damage the pituitary gland or surrounding tissue

Question 2

Pituitary microadenoma vs macroadenoma

Answer 2

Micro: benign tumor less than 10 mm. Can present with mass effect.
Macro: benign tumor >10mm

Question 3

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Answer 3

visual field defect where there is a loss of vision in the outer half of both eyes
* can be due to mass effect

Question 4

Pituitary apoplexy

Answer 4

pituitary hemorrhages/loss of blood supply

Question 5

Sheehan syndrome

Answer 5

• damage to the pituitary due to significant blood loss
• type of pituitary apoplexy
• occurs in women after childbirth

Question 6

Empty sella syndrome

Answer 6

*pituitary is absent or flattened within the sella turcica

Question 7

Lactotroph adenoma

Answer 7

benign tumor in pituitary gland that produces prolactin

Question 8

Somatotroph adenoma

Answer 8

tumor of the pituitary that produces growth hormone

Question 9

Corticotroph adenoma

Answer 9

tumor that develops in the pituitary and produces ACTH

Question 10

diabetes insipidus

Answer 10

Posterior pituitary; excessive thirst and urination
*Central DI: pituitary gland damaged; cannot produce vasopressin
*Nephrogenic DI: kidneys do not respond to vasopressin produced

Question 11

SIADH

Answer 11

body produces too much ADH

Question 12

Craniopharyngioma

Answer 12

Hypothalamic suprasellar tumor. benign growing near the pituitary. Slow growth

Question 13

Hypergastrinemia

Answer 13

Elevated gastrin levels (regulates stomach acid levels) by use of too much PPIs

Question 13

Name 3 PanNETs

Answer 13

Hyperinsulinism
Hypergastrinemia
Zollinger Ellison syndrome

Question 13

Hyperinsulinism

Answer 13

pancreas produces too much insulin –> hypoglycemia

Question 14

Zollinger Ellison syndrome

Answer 14

rare digestive disorder that occurs when tumors in the pancreas or small intestine cause the stomach to produce too much acid

Question 14

Somatotrophs produce

Answer 14

Growth hormone

Question 15

Mammosomatotrophs produce

Answer 15

GH and prolactin

Question 16

Cortioctrophs produce

Answer 16

ACTH, POMC (Proopiomelanocortin), MSH

Question 17

Lactotrophs produce

Answer 17

prolactin

Question 18

Thyrotrophs produce

Answer 18

TSH

Question 19

Gonadotrophs produce

Answer 19

FSH, LH

Question 20

Hyperpituitarism

Answer 20

excess secretion of trophic hormones
ex) Hyperplasia, adenomas, carcinomas of anterior pituitary

Question 21

Hypopituitarism

Answer 21

deficiency of trophic hormones
ex) Ischemic injury, surgery, radiation, mass effect

Question 22

Somatotroph adenoma (1) Hormone (2) Associated syndrome

Answer 22

GH Gigantism and Acromegaly

Question 23

Lactotroph adenoma (1) Hormone (2) Associated syndrome

Answer 23

Prolactin Pituitary stone Galactorrhea, amenorrhea, infertility

Question 24

Thyrotroph adenoma (1) Hormone (2) Associated syndrome

Answer 24

Hyperthyroidism

Question 25

Corticotroph adenoma (1) Hormone (2) Associated syndrome

Answer 25

Cushing Disease, Hyperpigmentation (POMC – precursor to ACTH)

Question 26

Gonadotroph adenoma (1) Hormone (2) Associated syndrome

Answer 26

Mass effect, hypopituitarism (most are hormonally silent)

Question 27

Insulin signaling ________blood glucose and fatty acid levels

Answer 27

decreases