Week7 D1. Ch16 Infect. Cont And Dental Radiographer Flashcards
INFECTION CONTROL
INFECTIOUS DISEASES ARE TRANSMITTED FROM:
a) client to dental professional
b) dental professional to client
c) client to client
Disease transmission involves pathogens
INFECTION CONTROL
INFECTIOUS DISEASES ARE TRANSMITTED FROM
a) client to dental professional
b) dental professional to client
c) client to client
Disease transmission involves pathogens
WHAT IS A PATHOGEN?
WHAT IS A PATHOGEN?
A pathogen is a microorganism capable of causing disease
Examples include: cold, Hep. B (HBV), Hep. C (HCV), herpes simplex virus (HSV-1, HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), mycobacterium tuberculosis
DISEASE TRANSMISSION ROUTES:
DISEASE TRANSMISSION ROUTES:
a) direct contact with pathogens present in saliva and blood
b) indirect contact with contaminated objects
c) direct contact with airborne contaminants present in spatter or aerosols
THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS MUST BE PRESENT FOR INFECTION TO OCCUR:
THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS MUST BE PRESENT FOR INFECTION TO OCCUR:
1) a susceptible host
2) a pathogen with sufficient infectivity
3) a portal through which the pathogen may enter the host
Effective infection prevention practices alter one of these three conditions
thereby preventing disease transmission
Antiseptic
What is.
ANTISEPTIC
A substance that inhibits bacterial growth Ex: handwashing
ASEPSIS
The absence of pathogens, or disease causing micro-organisms.
Ex: procedures before surgery that prevent infection (handwasl
DISINFECTION
Inhibits or destroy pathogens “excluding” highly resistant bacter mycotic (fungal) spores by means of à chemical or physical pr
Standard Precautions
Standard Precautions
©Formerly known as UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
© Standard Precautions are infection control guidelines designed to protect people from diseases spread by blood and certain body fluids.
© Always assume that all “blood and body fluids” are infectious for blood-borne diseases such as HBV (Hepatitis B Virus), HCV
(Hepatitis Virus) and HIV (Human Immuno-deficiency Virus).
INSTRUMENT DISINFECTION &
STERILIZATION
CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS
1) CRITICAL INSTRUMENTS
> penetrate soft tissue / bone
>sterilize after each use
> examples: forceps, surgical burs, bone chisels
2) SEMICRITICAL INSTRUMENTS
> contact but do not penetrate soft tissue / bone
>sterilize after each use; if instrument can be damaged by heat, high-level disinfection is necessary
>examples: x-ray film holding devices, mouth mirror
3) NONCRITICAL INSTRUMENTS
> do not come in contact with mucous membrane
> low-level or intermediate disinfection is adequate
> examples: PID, tubehead, lead apron, control panel
DISINFECTION OF DENTAL UNIT
DISINFECTION OF DENTAL UNI
© All surfaces must be disinfected using a chemical germicide
© Intermediate- level disinfectants include hospital disinfectants and tuberculocidals examples: phenolics, iodophors, chlorine compounds
• Low-level disinfectants include hospital disinfectants only eg: general housekeeping products for cleaning floors/walls
© The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for these classifications
INFECTION CONTROL IN DENTAL
RADIOGRAPHY
CHECKLIST FOR INFECTION CONTROL IN DENTAL
RADIOGRAPHY
INFECTION CONTROL IN DENTAL
RADIOGRAPHY
CHECKLIST FOR INFECTION CONTROL IN DENTAL
RADIOGRAPHY
A) Before Exposure
B) During Exposure
C) Following Exposure
PREPARATION OF SUPPLIES & CLIENT
© The prescribed number of films should be arranged on a dental tray with the appropriate film-holding devices as well as a tissue, plastic cup and cotton rolls if applicable
© The client must be seated upright and to a height that is comfortable for the radiographer
© The client’s occlusal plane must be parallel to the floor
• The client must be secured with the appropriate size of lead apron and thyroid collar; thyroid collar is contraindicated for extra oral radiography
The client must remove any objects that appear superimposed on a dental radiograph such as, partial denture, earings, noserings, eyewear etc.
U The dental radiographer must wash hands using an antimicrobial soap in the presence of the client prior to gloving
© A mask is to be worn
The dental radiographer must remove packaged film-holding devices in the presence of the client
INFECTION CONTROL DURING EXPOSURE
© Dry each film with a tissue after exposing
© Place each film in a plastic cup after drying; label the cup with the client’s name; never place exposed films in lab coat pocket a Place contaminated film-holding devices on a dental tray, never a countertop
INFECTION CONTROL FOLLOWING EXPOSURE
client
Q Gloves must be removed and hands must be washed
© After handwashing, the lead apron can be removed
© Any uncovered areas that were contaminated during treatment must be disinfected adhering to EPA guidelines
FILM HANDLING WITH BARRIER
ENVELOPES
1) Place paper towel on work surface in darkroom
2) Place plastic cup with films next to towel
3) Put on gloves
4) Take one contaminated film from plastic cup and tear open barrier envelope
5) Drop film on paper towel and dispose barrier envelope
6) Continue until all completed
7) Remove gloves and wash hands
8) ‘Turn off white light, secure door, and turn on safelight
9) Unwrap and process films
10) Label client’s mount and mount after processing
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FILM HANDLING WITHOUT BARRIER
ENVELOPES
1) Place paper towel on work surface in darkroom
2) Place plastic cup with contaminated films next to towel
3) Put on gloves
4) Turn off white light and secure door; turn on safelight
5) Take one contaminated film from plastic cup
6) Open film packet tab and slide out lead foil backing and black paper; discard film packet wrapping
7) Rotate foil away from black paper and discard
8) Without touching the film, open black paper wrapping; allow film to drop on
towel
9) Do not touch film with gloved hands
10) Discard black paper wrapping and dispose plastic cup upon completion
11) Remove gloves, wash hands, process films
12) Label client’s mount and mount after processing
