Weekly-Part 1 Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
fertile
A
بارور، حاصلخیز، پر میوه، پرحاصل
- fertile fields
- a fertile mind
- a fertile imagination
- fertile seed
- In order to turn the deserts into fertile and productive land, engineers built an 800-mile canal.
بارورگر، پر ثمر کننده، حاصلخیز کننده
*the sun’s fertile warmth
2
Q
tremendous
A
عظیم، فوق العاده *a tremendous explosion *A tremendous amount of work has gone into the project. *It was a tremendous experience. =very great =extremely good
3
Q
conjectural
A
وهمی، حدسی، فرضی
*He uses the words “guess” and “suppose” frequently, showing that the whole argument is purely conjectural.
- An expert’s opinion must not be based upon speculative or conjectural data.
- How this momentous event happened is still highly conjectural.
- Since there are no historical records about the incident, the entire movie is based on a conjectural premise.
- Even though the tip seemed conjectural, the detectives still had to look into the accusation.
4
Q
precisely
A
دقیقا، مو به مو، درست، با دقت صریحا، عینا همینطور
- exactly:
- The fireworks begin at eight o’clock precisely.
- What do you think the problem is, precisely?
- used to emphasize what you are saying:
- “You look tired - you should go home and rest.” “I’m going to do precisely that.”
- But it’s precisely because of the noise that they’re thinking of moving.
- carefully and accurately:
- He works slowly and precisely whereas I tend to rush things and make mistakes.
5
Q
Appeal
A
درخواست کردن؛ تقاضا کردن
* the Governor appealed for help for earthquake victims
تقاضا؛ درخواست
6
Q
latency
A
نهفتگی، دوره کمون، دوره عکس العمل
*The latency period for the cancer is 15 years.
*They measured the latency of the brain’s response to a stimulus.
زمان تاخیر (علوم کامپیوتر)
*If there is high latency, messages can take minutes or longer to be delivered.
*Latency is a measure of delay. In a network, latency measures the time it takes for some data to get to its destination across the network.
*Latency is the delay between a user’s action and a web application’s response to that action
*There are four main components that affect network latency
7
Q
cull
A
جمع اوری کردن، گلچین کردن،برگزیدن، دستچین کردن
خوب وارسی کردن (به منظور گزیدن یا رد کردن)
حذف کردن
*She went to strange lands to cull recipes for her book.
- to select from a group : CHOOSE
- culled the best passages from the poet’s work
- Damaged fruits are culled before the produce is shipped.
- to reduce or control the size of (something, such as a herd) by removal (as by hunting or slaughter) of especially weak or sick individuals
- The town issued hunting licenses in order to cull the deer population.
- culling a herd of cattle
معنی اول در کمبریج:
- When people cull animals, they kill them, especially the weaker members of a particular group of them, in order to reduce or limit their number
- The plan to cull large numbers of baby seals has angered environmental groups.
- If you cull animals or plants, you kill or remove them:
- to cull growing herds before they run out of food
- culling dead timber
- culling diseased cows
- culled hundreds of deer
8
Q
overwhelm
A
فرا گرفتن
- that village has been overwhelmed by desert sand
- They were overwhelmed with/by grief when their baby died.
- I was overwhelmed by all the flowers and letters of support I received.
- A sense of inadequacy overwhelmed me.
از توان انداختن، از پا در آوردن، در هم کوبیدن، در هم شکستن
- We were overwhelmed by the number of applications.
- They would be overwhelmed with paperwork.
- In 1532 the Spaniards finally overwhelmed the armies of Peru.
9
Q
outage
A
(برق) قطع، خاموشی، (کار و غیره) وقفه، تعطیل
- a power outage
- The radio news reported power outages affecting 50 homes.
10
Q
encompass
A
شامل بودن
=enfold
*The study encompasses the social, political, and economic aspects of the situation.
*The festival is to encompass everything from music, theatre, and ballet to literature, cinema, and the visual arts.
11
Q
convergence
A
همگرایی همسانی تلاقی *a convergence of interests/opinions/ideas *the convergence of the three rivers
خیلی زیاد با
point of
می آید
*The near point of convergence break was measured 4 times repeatedly with an accommodative target.
12
Q
expenditure
A
هزینه، مصرف، خرج
*an expenditure of energy
مخارج، هزینه‌ها
- The government’s annual expenditure on arms has been reduced.
- income should exceed expenditures
- an increase in military expenditures
13
Q
mutual
A
متقابل، دوطرفه
- mutual affection
- Theirs was a partnership based on mutual respect, trust and understanding.
- The agreement was terminated by mutual consent.
مشترک، مشاع
- they had long been mutual enemies
- enjoying their mutual hobby
14
Q
coincidence
A
تصادف، اتفاق
- Just by coincidence, I met my old schoolmate again 50 years later.
- You chose exactly the same wallpaper as us - what a coincidence!
- Is it just a coincidence that the wife of the man who ran the competition won first prize?
- a series of strange/amazing coincidences
15
Q
steady
A
بی حرکت
*I’ll hold the boat steady while you climb in.
Most rental prices have held steady this year.
*a steady ladder.
*Keep the camera steady while you take a picture.
پیوسته، یکنواخت،بی وقفه
- The procession moved through the streets at a steady pace.
- Orders for new ships are rising, after several years of steady decline.
- a steady rain
16
Q
genuine
A
اصیل، واقعی (در مقابل جعلی یا قلابی)
معتبر
- genuine leather
- The painting is a genuine Picasso.
17
Q
counterfeit
A
جعلی،تقلبی، بدلی
=fake
جعل کردن یا شدن
- counterfeit coin
- criminals were counterfeiting dollars
- This watch may be a counterfeit, but it looks just like the original.
- We have made it significantly more difficult for them to counterfeit this document.
- Two women and a man have been convicted of counterfeiting $100 bills.
18
Q
consent
A
رضایت دادن، راضی بودن
رضایت، موافقت، اجازه
*They can’t publish your name without your consent.
You can only come on the trip if your parents give their consent.
*Her latest novel, by common consent, is her best yet.
*My aunt never married because her father wouldn’t consent to her marriage.
*I asked to leave the room, and the teacher gave his consent.
19
Q
excerpt
A
گزیده، نقل قول
برگزیدن، نقل قول کردن
- An excerpt from her new thriller will appear in this weekend’s magazine.
- This passage has been excerpted from her latest novel.
20
Q
solicit
A
متوسل شدن به، دست به دامن کسی شدن، درخواست کردن، تقاضا کردن، التماس کردن =ask=require *to solicit donations for a charity * to solicit the committee for funds. * He solicited aid from the minister. *She is too shy to solicit
21
Q
homely
A
صاف و ساده، خودمانی، دوستانه، معمولی، روزمره
- The hotel was homely and comfortable.
- satisfy themselves with houses, furniture, books and clothes that were worn and homely and friendly to the touch
- I wanted a homely room but I wanted it to look smart, too.
- We try and provide a very homely atmosphere.
- Mrs Jones was a pleasant, homely person with a ready smile.
- homely virtues محسنات معمولی
22
Q
plainly
A
به سادگی، روشن
رک، صریحا
*express yourself plainly
=directly =Foursquare
آشکارا، هویدا، به وضوح
*he was plainly tired
=apparently=evidently=obviously=visibly
- This is plainly wrong.
- Every footstep could be plainly heard.
- The men had plainly lied.
- Plainly, a great deal of extra time will be needed for the security checks.
- The judge’s conclusion was plainly wrong.
- Plainly, a more objective method of description must be adopted.
- He was plainly annoyed.
- I could plainly see him turning his head to the right and left.
- Loch plainly felt guilty about it.
23
Q
procession
A
صف مردم، گروه مشایعین
- a wedding/funeral procession
- The festival will open with a procession led by the mayor.
- My day has just been a never-ending procession of visitors.
- …religious processions.
- They marched in procession to the Capitol building.
- an endless procession of visitors
24
Q
mere
A
صرف، محض ،فقط، تنها
- She lost the election by a mere 20 votes.
- He’s a mere child.
- It can’t be a mere coincidence that they left at the same time.
- Admission costs a mere $5 for adults, and only $1 for children.
- Most of the soldiers were mere boys.
- That may be mere coincidence-but it is also perhaps symbolic.
- Another mere coincidence, say school officials, adding that Tarkanian was adamant about having such a watchdog on staff.
- It has happened too often to me to be mere coincidence.
- Logic suggests this can not be reduced to mere coincidence.
- These schools were, for the most part, inferior. The mere fact of racial imbalance represented a form of inequality.
- What had made him change his mind? The mere fact of Ryan’s being in her cottage?
- used to emphasize that something which is small or not extreme has a big effect or is important
- The merest little noise makes him nervous.
- The mere thought of food made her feel sick.
- The mere fact that the talks are continuing is a positive sign.
25
Preface
پیشگفتار، دیباچه، مقدمه
* usually, a preface explains the purpose and plan of a book
* In his preface, the author says that he took eight years to write the book.
26
competence
- [countable] (also competency) formal a skill needed to do a particular job
* Typing is considered by most employers to be a basic competence.
- [uncountable] the ability to do something well
- -competence in
* Students will gain competence in a wide range of skills.
- -competence of
* He questioned the competence of the government.
*Doctors have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional competence.
لیاقت، کارایی، مهارت، تبحر، کاردانی، شایستگی
* Her competence as a teacher is unquestionable.
* He reached a reasonable level of competence in his English.
27
profession
حرفه
-any type of work that needs special training or a particular skill, often one that is respected because it involves a high level of education
* He left the teaching profession in 1965 to start his own business.
* The report notes that 40 percent of lawyers entering the profession are women.
* Teaching as a profession is very underpaid.
* He's a doctor by profession.
28
practitioner
شاغل
-someone involved in a skilled job or activity
* Elizabeth Quan is a London-based practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine.
* She was a medical practitioner (= a doctor) before she entered politics.
* a French doctor who was once the most famous practitioner of natural childbirth
29
initiative
-DECISIONS-[uncountable] the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for someone to tell you what to do
* I wish my son would show more initiative.
* Don’t keep asking me for advice. Use your initiative.
* Lt. Carlos was not obeying orders. He acted on his own initiative (=he was not told what to do).
- PLAN [countable] an important new plan or process to achieve a particular aim or to solve a particular problem
* a government initiative to help exporters
* an education initiative
- -initiative for
* a new initiative for peace in the Middle East
- LAW [countable] law a process by which ordinary citizens can officially suggest a change in the law by signing a petition
آغازی، ابتکار عمل، ابتکار
، مقدماتی، اولیه
*Business analysis is a broad profession in which business analysts might perform
work for many different types of initiatives across an enterprise.
30
attitude
(طرز) برخورد، (فکر یا احساس یا عمل) روش، گرایش، رویکرد، نگرش
* As soon as they found out I was a doctor, their whole attitude changed.
* The people have a very positive attitude to life.
31
necessity
نیاز
<>luxury
*She saw books as a necessity, not a luxury.
* A car is an absolute necessity if you live in the country.
32
underlying
در زیر قرار گرفته، اصولی یا اساسی، زیر بنایی، اصلی
33
succinct
موجز، روشن و کوتاه، واضح و مختصر
* Keep your letter succinct and to the point.
* Keep your answers as succinct as possible.
* a succinct explanation
* If you have something to say make sure that it is accurate, succinct and to the point
—succinctly adverb
* Anderson put the same point more succinctly.
—succinctness noun [uncountable]
34
redeem
جبران کردن، تاوان دادن
پس دادن
باز پرداخت کردن
2 → redeem yourself
- to make something or someone seem less bad
* He was an hour late, but he redeemed himself in her eyes by giving her a huge bunch of flowers.
* She took me to see a really dull film, the only redeeming feature of which (= the only thing which prevented it from being completely bad) was the soundtrack.
35
conclusive
قاطع، مسلم، بی‌برو و برگرد
* They had conclusive evidence/proof of her guilt.
* a conclusive argument
* There’s no conclusive evidence that power lines are a health risk.
* The investigation failed to provide any conclusive evidence.
36
virtue
حسن، خوبی، فضیلت
*Patience is a virtue.
- [uncountable] formal moral goodness of character and behaviour OPP vice
* Women have often been used as symbols of virtue.
- [countable] a particular good quality in someone’s character OPP vice
* Among her many virtues are loyalty, courage, and truthfulness.
مزیت، برتری
* Would there be any virtue in taking an earlier train?
* The actress has appeared in many TV ads extolling (= praising) the virtues of hair products.
* Adam Smith believed in the virtues of free trade.
* Wilkins is now extolling (=praising very much) the virtues of organic farming.
37
rationale
علت وجود، دلیل اصلی
* I don't understand the rationale for these restrictions.
* He tried to explain the scientific rationale behind his work.
-noun [countable usually singular]
formal the reasons for a decision, belief etc
"rationale behind/for/of"
*The rationale behind the changes is not at all evident.
*The rationale for using this teaching method is to encourage student confidence.
*These arguments suggest that it may be possible to provide a rationale for an industrial policy to subsidize sunrise industries.
An unjust delay becomes another rationale for injustice.
• The lawsuit also noted that the official rationale for raising the dam was flood control, not providing more water.
• We first provide a positive rationale for considering state ownership, by examining its advantages.
• This background provides the rationale of naturopathy, or nature cure, and other sensible, healthy dietary regimes.
38
outlier
- a person, thing, or fact that is very different from other people, things, or facts, so that it cannot be used to draw general conclusions
* People who live past 100 are genetic outliers, whose longevity is unreachable for most of us.
کسی که دور از شهر و محل کارش زندگی می کند.
دورزی- منزوی-انزواطلب- جدایی خواه
39
dismiss
رد کردن
* I think he'd dismissed me as an idiot within five minutes of meeting me.
* Let's not just dismiss the idea before we've even thought about it.
* Just dismiss those thoughts from your mind - they're crazy and not worth thinking about.
40
throughout
(در) سرتاسر، (در) سراسر، (در) همه‌ی، (در) تمام
* People throughout the country are out of work.
* He yawned throughout the performance.
* The school has been repainted throughout.
* a large organization with offices throughout the world
* The disease spread rapidly throughout Europe.
* We are open every weekend throughout the year.
* He was involved in politics throughout his life.
* The debate continued, but Meredith remained silent throughout.
41
slip
حرکت کردن،(لیز خوردن و) افتادن
- FALL OR SLIDE:
* She slipped on the ice.
* Careful you don't slip - there's water on the floor.
* The razor slipped while he was shaving and he cut himself.
- MOVE:
* He watched the sun slip down behind the mountains.
* The ring had slipped off Julia’s finger.
42
banquet
- a formal dinner for many people on an important occasion
| * Its big annual event in Dade County, a banquet honoring the judiciary, just made me impatient.
43
consensus
همرایی، اجماع، توافق ، اتفاق نظر
=harmony=consent=agreement
- -consensus on/about
* a lack of consensus about the aims of the project
- -consensus that
* There is a consensus among teachers that children should have a broad understanding of the world.
* the current consensus of opinion
* The general consensus was that technology was a good thing.
* The general consensus in the office is that he can't do his job.
* Could we reach a consensus on this matter? Let's take a vote.
44
solemn
جدی، رسمی
- serious and without any humour
* a solemn face/voice
* solemn music
* Everyone looked very solemn.
45
foreword
پیشگفتار
46
intuition
شهود، درون یابی
- [uncountable] the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts SYN instinct
* feminine intuition
* Intuition told her it was unwise to argue.
-[countable] an idea about what is true in a particular situation based on a feeling rather than facts
intuition (that)
*He had an intuition there was trouble brewing.
*We should trust our intuitions.
47
set out
شروع بکار کردن
* He set out to become chief executive.
* I don't set out to annoy him - it just seems to happen.
* He set out to crush all his enemies.
48
pamphlet
جزوه
49
superb
عالی،باشکوه،
=great=magnificent =fine
* The food was superb.
* superb weather
* He is a superb dancer.
* Taylor scored a superb goal at the end of the first half.
50
prose
نثر
[uncountable]
* I've always preferred reading prose to poetry.
* Brown's prose is simple and direct.
51
controversy
بحث، بگو مگو،، جرو بحث، جدل، قیل و قال
-noun (plural controversies) [countable, uncountable]
a serious argument about something that involves many people and continues for a long time
* a political controversy
* The judges’ decision provoked controversy.
- controversy over/about
* the controversy over campaign-finance issues
* Controversy arose (=began) over the use of the chemicals on crops.
* There was a big controversy surrounding/over the use of drugs in athletics.
* The policy has caused fierce/heated controversy ever since it was introduced.
52
provoke
برانگیختن، تحریک کردن، دامن زدن
خشمگین کردن، عصبانی کردن
واداشتن، وادار کردن
* The proposal provoked widespread criticism.
* The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.
* Test results provoked worries that the reactor could overheat.
* The novel has provoked fierce debate in the US.
* She hopes her editorial will provoke readers into thinking seriously about the issue.
* The dog would not have attacked if it hadn’t been provoked.
53
quarrel
ستیز، دعوا، مرافعه، بگو مگو
دعوا کردن، بگو مگو کردن
- quarrel with
* Jacob left after a quarrel with his wife.
- quarrel about/over
* They had a quarrel about some girl.
- quarrel between
* Had there been any quarrel between you?
* They had a bitter quarrel about/over some money three years ago and they haven't spoken to each other since.
* We have no quarrel with the people of your country (= we have no reason to disagree with or dislike them).
* They seem to have patched up their quarrel (= finished their disagreement and started to be friendly).
54
elapse
-If time elapses, it goes past
منقضی شدن، سرآمدن، سپری شدن، گذشتن
* five years elapsed before I heard from him again
* Four years had elapsed since he left college and still he hadn't found a job.
* The assignment must be completed within an overall elapsed time of one week.
55
conduct
اجرا، مدیریت، اداره
*the conduct of everyday business
رفتار، سلوک
* The Senator’s conduct is being investigated by the Ethics Committee.
* an inquiry into the conduct of the police
* his conduct was admirable
اداره کردن، مدیریت کردن، اجراکردن
رفتار کردن
راهنمایی کردن، همراهی کردن
*We are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service.
*The experiments were conducted by scientists in New York.
*How you choose to conduct your private life is your own business!
*Is it really necessary to conduct experiments on animals?
*The protesters were conducted from the courtroom by two police officers.
*They conducted a campaign of bombings and assassinations.
56
consistent
استوار
یکپارچه - یکدست
منسجم
سازگار
=firm
*There has been a consistent improvement in her attitude.
*Her work is sometimes good, but the problem is she's not consistent.
*We need to be consistent in our approach.
*The evidence is not consistent.
57
intense
شدید، قوی
*intense cold/heat/hatred
*an intense flavour/colour
*He suddenly felt an intense pain in his back.
*Young people today are under intense pressure to succeed.
* the intense heat of the desert
*The pain was so intense I couldn’t sleep.
*He took an intense interest in all religious matters.
a look of intense dislike
58
escalate
تشدید کردن
-escalate something (into something)
* the escalating costs of healthcare
* We do not want to escalate the war.
* The fighting escalated into a full-scale war.
* Her fear was escalating into panic.
* The fighting on the border is escalating.
- to become higher or increase, or to make something do this
* The costs were escalating alarmingly.
* policies that escalate their own costs
* escalating crime
* His financial problems escalated after he became unemployed.
* The row could escalate into full-blown conflict.
* The decision to escalate UN involvement has been made in the hopes of a swift end to the hostilities.
* The escalating rate of inflation will almost certainly bring escalating prices.
59
prominent
چشمگیر، برجسته، بارز،
خوشنام، نیکنام، بلند آوازه، مشهور
-very well known and important
* a prominent member of the Law Society.
* the children of very prominent or successful parents.
* Here the window plays a prominent part in the design.
* Romania's most prominent independent newspaper.
* a prominent Russian scientist
* Her eyes are her most prominent feature.
* a prominent citizen.
- something that is prominent is large and sticks out
* a prominent nose
-something that is in a prominent place is easily seen
prominent place/position
*The statue was in a prominent position outside the railway station.
*Housing occupies a prominent place in these debates.
*The cars were painted khaki with the red cross in a prominent position.
*Wexford found the lead, obligingly left by Sheila in a prominent position on top of the refrigerator.
60
enthusiastic
(adjective)
شورمند، پر ذوق، پر اشتیاق، پر شور
-feeling or showing a lot of interest and excitement about something
* All the staff are enthusiastic about the project.
* The singer got an enthusiastic reception.
* an enthusiastic supporter of reform
61
enthusiasm
(noun)
شور و شوق
* One of the good things about teaching young children is their enthusiasm.
* After the accident he lost his enthusiasm for the sport.
* I just can't work up (= start to feel) any enthusiasm for the whole project.
* We went along to the local diving club, full of enthusiasm.
* They go about their tasks with little enthusiasm.
* Employers showed little enthusiasm for the new regulations.
* He shares your enthusiasm for jazz.
62
unprecedented
بی سابقه
* This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale.
* She took the unprecedented step of revealing the truth about the situation.
* an event that is unprecedented in recent history
63
astounding
astound=مبهوت کردن، بهت زده کردن، مات و متحیر کردن، هاج و واج کردن
-(adjective)
very surprising or shocking
* an astounding fact/decision/revelation
* an astounding (= very great) victory/achievement/success
* The concert was an astounding success.
64
reception
پذیرش، قبولی، استقبال
| *The astounding reception helped to build a sense of anticipation
65
fierce
درنده، سبع، دد منش
شدید، لگام گسیخته
=Intense
* a fierce attack/battle
* Two men were shot during fierce fighting last weekend.
* Fierce winds prevented the race from taking place.
* fierce thunderstorms
* The city had been under fierce attack.
66
skepticism
تردید- شک
شک اندیشی، دیرباوری
*Many politicians and media critics confuse cynicism with skepticism.
67
sarcasm
طعنه، کنایه،
* "You have been working hard," he said with heavy sarcasm, as he looked at the empty page.
* ‘Good of you to arrive on time, ’ George said, with heavy sarcasm (=very clear sarcasm).
* There was just a touch of sarcasm in her voice.
* He resorts to sarcasm when he senses he’s losing an argument.
- hint/trace/edge/touch of sarcasm
* Roberts said with just a tiny edge of sarcasm.
* A touch of sarcasm, perhaps?
68
reveal
آشکار کردن ، افشا کردن، بروز دادن، لودادن
* He was jailed for revealing secrets to the Russians.
* Her biography revealed that she was not as rich as everyone thought.
* The committee pressed him to reveal more information.
* He revealed that he had been in prison twice before.
69
impression
اثر گذاری
برداشت
نقش، اثر،
فکر، تصور
*I didn't get much of an impression of the place because it was dark when we drove through it.
*What was your impression of Charlotte's husband?
*When I first met him I got/had the impression that he was a shy sort of person.
*When we looked around the school we got a very good impression.
* I got the impression that she wasn't very happy with her job.
*What was your impression of Roger?
*Jean does a great impression of Madonna.
70
convince
متقاعد کردن، مجاب کردن، قانع کردن
* He managed to convince the jury of his innocence.
* It's useless trying to convince her (that) she doesn't need to lose any weight.
* I hope this will convince you to change your mind.
* Her arguments didn’t convince everyone, but changes were made.
71
literally
به‌طور تحت الفظی، واژه به واژه، موبه‌مو،
واقعا، به راستی
(عامیانه) تقریبا
-using the real or original meaning of a word or phrase
* They were responsible for literally millions of deaths.
* We live literally just round the corner from her.
* I said I felt like quitting, but I didn’t mean it literally (=I did not mean exactly what I said)!
```
-informal
used to emphasize what you are saying:
*He missed that kick literally by miles.
*I was literally bowled over by the news.
*Dad was literally blazing with anger.
```
-informal
simply or just:
*Then you literally cut the sausage down the middle.
72
go through
با دقت انجام دادن، دقیقا مرور کردن
- تحمل کردن
دوران بدی را گذراندن
- go through something to experience a difficult or unpleasant situation, feeling etc
* When you’re going through a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.
* He’s going through a divorce at the moment.
* It is devastating for a parent to watch a child go through misery.
73
stay tuned
to keep watching a television show or listening to a radio broadcast
