Weeks 1-3

Question 1

voiced sound

Answer 1

vocal folds held to produce vibration

Question 2

voiceless sound

Answer 2

vocal folds pulled apart

Question 3

oral sounds

Answer 3

velum is open

Question 4

nasal sounds

Answer 4

velum is closed

Question 5

vowels in english are always ____ (voiced/voiceless)

Answer 5

voiced

Question 6

what does the place of articulation define

Answer 6

location of constriction

Question 7

bilabial description

Answer 7

upper and lower lip

Question 8

bilabial consonants

Answer 8

m, p, b

Question 9

labiodental description

Answer 9

upper teeth, lower lip

Question 10

labiodental consonants

Answer 10

f, v

Question 11

dental (interdental) description

Answer 11

tip of tongue, upper front teeth

Question 12

dental consonants

Answer 12

θ (thin), ð (the)

Question 13

alveolar description

Answer 13

tongue tip/blade, alveolar ridge

Question 14

alveolar consonats

Answer 14

t, d, s, z, n, ɹ, l, ɾ

Question 15

post-alveolar description

Answer 15

tongue blade, post alveolar ridge or front palatal region

Question 16

post-alveolar consonants

Answer 16

ʃ, ʒ, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ

Question 17

palatal description

Answer 17

front of tongue, hard palate

Question 18

palatal consonants

Answer 18

j

Question 19

velar description

Answer 19

back of tongue, velum

Question 20

velar consonants

Answer 20

k, g, ŋ

Question 21

labiovelar description

Answer 21

rounded lips/back of tongue, velum wall

Question 22

labiovelar consonants

Answer 22

w

Question 23

glottal

Answer 23

neutral position of the vocal tract with an open glottis, or complete closure of the vocal folds

Question 24

glottal consonants

Answer 24

h

Question 25

manner of articulation definition

Answer 25

degree of constriction

Question 26

stop (or plosive)

Answer 26

complete constriction of the vocal tract

Question 27

fricative

Answer 27

narrow constriction

Question 28

affricate

Answer 28

stop + fricative combined

Question 29

obstruents

Answer 29

closure + friction

Question 30

approximants (and sub-catagories)

Answer 30

weak closure (glides, liquids)

Question 31

glides

Answer 31

palatal approximants, labiovelar approximants

Question 32

liquids

Answer 32

rhotic approximants, lateral approximants

Question 33

obstruents

Answer 33

stops, fricatives, affricates

Question 34

sonorants

Answer 34

approximants, taps/flaps, nasals

Question 35

stop examples

Answer 35

p, b, t, d, k, g

Question 36

fricative examples

Answer 36

f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, h

Question 37

affricate examples

Answer 37

t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ

Question 38

nasal examples

Answer 38

m, n, ŋ

Question 39

liquid examples

Answer 39

l, r

Question 40

glottal examples

Answer 40

w, y

Question 41

θ

Answer 41

th voiceless (thin, path)

Question 42

ð

Answer 42

th voiced (the, there)

Question 43

ʃ

Answer 43

sh (ship)

Question 44

ʒ

Answer 44

zj (Jacques, pleasure, beige)

Question 45

dʒ

Answer 45

j (jug, age)

Question 46

tʃ

Answer 46

ch (church)

Question 47

ŋ

Answer 47

ng (ring, sing)

Question 48

j

Answer 48

yuh (yet)

Question 49

i

Answer 49

ee (bead)

Question 50

I

Answer 50

ih (bid)

Question 51

eI

Answer 51

ay (bayed)

Question 52

ɛ

Answer 52

eh (bed)

Question 53

æ

Answer 53

a (bad)

Question 54

ɑ

Answer 54

ah (bot)

Question 55

ɔ

Answer 55

aw (bawdy)

Question 56

ʊ

Answer 56

uu (book)

Question 57

oʊ

Answer 57

oh (bode)

Question 58

u

Answer 58

ooo (booed)

Question 59

ʌ

Answer 59

uh (bud)

Question 60

ɝ

Answer 60

er (bird)

Question 61

aI

Answer 61

aye (bide)

Question 62

aʊ

Answer 62

ow(bout)

Question 63

ɔI

Answer 63

oy (Boyd)

Question 64

schwa symbol

Answer 64

ə

Question 65

waveforms graph

Answer 65

shows time on the x-axis, amplitude on the y-axis, measures air pressure

Question 66

spectrum

Answer 66

takes the amplitude and frequency at a give moment, frequency on x-axis, amplitude on y

Question 67

formants

Answer 67

places on a spectrum where frequency is amplified (peaks)

Question 68

view POA for consonants on:

Answer 68

spectogram

Question 69

at the end of words, English voiceless stops are ____

Answer 69

unreleased

Question 70

voiced stops in phrase-initial position canonically have ____ VOT

Answer 70

zero

Question 71

In American English, voiceless stops in phrase-initial position have _______ VOT.

Answer 71

positive

Question 72

____ have many acoustic characteristics similar to that of vowels and may show substantial movement in F2 and F3.

Answer 72

approximants

Question 73

T/F: Clear or "light" [l] occurs at the beginning of English syllables, while velarized or "dark" [ɫ] occurs at the end of English syllables.

Answer 73

True

Question 74

The frequency and amplitude of a wave are

Answer 74

independent of one another

Question 75

T/F: The wavelength of a wave is inversely related to its frequency.

Answer 75

True

Question 76

When preceding a vowel, _____ has energy around the region of the formants of that vowel.

Answer 76

h

Question 77

Two hallmarks of _________are a drop in amplitude and a low formant around ~200 Hz.

Answer 77

nasals

Question 78

What voiced consonant has the same place of articulation as /t/ and the same manner of articulation as /f/?

Answer 78

z

Question 79

Voiced fricatives usually have a ________ amplitude than their voiceless counterparts.

Answer 79

lower

Question 80

After [s], English voiceless stops (/p/, /t/, /k/) are:

Answer 80

unaspirated

Question 81

If you are interested in looking at specific frequencies in a vowel, you are better off looking at a ________.

Answer 81

spectogram

Question 82

The fundamental frequency is

Answer 82

the lowest component of a complex wave.