Weeks 1 - 6 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is d’ (d-prime)?
A measure of perceptual sensitivity, indicating how well an individual can distinguish between signal and noise. Higher values equal better discrimination
What is c (criterion)?
Reflect decision bias or strategy - whether someone tends to say yes or no when uncertain. Influenced by factors like expectations or consequences of errors
What is the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve?
Graphs hit rate vs false alarm rate to illustrate sensitivity
What does the left hemisphere do?
Dominant for language production and comprehension. Involved in logical, analytical and verbal tasks.
What does the right hemisphere do?
Specialists in spatial awareness, facial recognition, musical ability, and emotional processing.
What does damage to the V1 do?
Causes cortical blindness; may retain blindsight
What is the V4?
Responsible for color perception
Damage causes achromatopsia (color blindness)
What is the V5/MT?
Involved in motion perception
Damage results in akinetopsia (difficulty seeing objects in motion)
What is the ventral stream?
‘What’ pathway
Passes from occipital to temporal lobes
What are associated disorders of the ventral stream?
Apperceptive agnosia: impaired object perception
Associative agnosia: impaired object recognition
Prosopagnosia: face blindness
What is the dorsal stream?
‘Where’ and ‘how’ pathway
Projects to the parietal lobe
What are the related impairments of the dorsal stream?
Optic ataxia: poor hand eye coordination
Simultanagnosia: inability to perceive more that one object at a time
What is the Biased Competition Model of Attention?
Attention selects stimuli through competition - resources are finite
What are the bottom-up (exogenous) factors?
Driven by stimulus features: brightness, contrast, movement, novelty
What are the top-down (endogenous) factors?
Influenced by task goals, expectations, and memory
What is the central executive?
Directs attention, integrates info, and manages other subsystems
What is the phonological loop?
Verbal/auditory info
What is the visuospatial sketchpad?
Visual/spatial imagery
What is SNAP KIP?
Sodium channels open
Neuron becomes positively charged
Action potential peaks
Potassium channels open
K flows out
Internal voltage drops below resting potential
Pump restores ion balance
What is an ionotropic receptor?
Fast, direct ion flow
What is a metabotropic receptor?
Slow, involve a second messenger
What is FATE?
Formation: neurotransmitter synthesis
Action: triggered by AP and Ca2+ influx
Transmission: NT crosses synapse
Elimination: Via reuptake or enzymatic breakdown
