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GI (EQ) > Weight loss > Flashcards

Weight loss Flashcards

1
Q

What % of their BW should horses eat per day?

A

2.5%

1% minimum

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2
Q

Equine alimentary lymphoma can be generalised or solitary and in any age groups. What paraneoplastic syndromes are associated with this?

A

Hypercalcaemia
Haemolytic anaemia
Cachexia

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3
Q

Are steroids a way of treating equine alimentary lymphoma?

A

No - NOT responsive to steroids

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4
Q

Signs of equine alimentary lymphoma include fever, weight loss, peritonitis, pleural effusion, masses and distension. What age groups are affected?

A

ANY age group

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5
Q

Equine gastric ulcer syndrome is very common in training horses. What breed have the highest incidence?

A

TBs

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6
Q

A horse is presented for poor performance, weight loss, selective appetite, slow eating, bad behaviour and eating roughage rather than grain. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Equine gastric Ulcer syndrome

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7
Q

What is the treatment for equine gastric ulcers?

A 
Omeprazole (high doses for squamous, lower doses for glandular)
Dietary supplements
Misoprostal (prostaglandin analogue)
Ranitidine
Sucralfate
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8
Q

What are the risk factors for Equine GLANDULAR gastric ulcer syndrome (EGGUS)?

A

Stress

NSAID use

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9
Q

What are the risk factors for equine SQUAMOUS gastric ulcer syndrome (ESGUS)?

A

Acid injury:

Splashing during exercise, intermittent feeding with high concentrate diets

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10
Q

How do the pHs differ of the glandular and squamous portions of the equine stomach?

A

Glandular pH 1.8 (acidic)

Squamous pH 5.4

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11
Q

How can you tell the difference between glandular and squamous ulcers on gastroscopy?

A 
Glandular = red colour
Squamous = yellow
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12
Q

Inflammatory/infiltrative bowel diseases are due to malabsorption and PLE syndromes. Give examples of IBD causes

A 
Granulomatous enteritis
Lymphocytic-plasmocytic enteritis
Eosinophilic enteritis
Alimentary lymphoma
Multisystemic infiltrative bowel diseases (e.g., multi systemic eosinophilic epitheloptrophic disease)
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13
Q

What results may be seen in bloods with inflammatory/infiltrative bowel disease?

A

Hypoalbuminaemia

Reduced glucose absorption test <85%

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14
Q

How is IBD in horses diagnosed?

A 
Ultrasound
Biopsy (inflammatory cells in intestinal wall)
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15
Q

IBD in horses has fairly non-specific treatments. Give examples

A

Steroids (if immune mediated - lymphocytic/plasmocytic enteritis)
Dexamethasone, prednisolone
Anthelmintics

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16
Q

What organs are affected in multi-systemic infiltrative bowel diseases? E.g. multi systemic eosinophilic epitheliotrophic disease

A 
GI organs
Skin
Coronary bands
Pancreas
Liver
17
Q

What haematological changes are seen with parasites?

A

Neutrophilia
Hypoalbuminaemia
Hyperglobulinaemia
(NOT EOSINOPHILIA IN HORSES)

18
Q

Faecal egg worm counts in horses are never 0, but what should they be under?

A

<400

19
Q

What are the risk factors for GI parasites?

A

Age (<5 or >15)
No faecal collection
Poor pasture management and stocking density
Resistance

20
Q

What is the equine tapeworm called?

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata

21
Q

What types of colic are associated with the equine tapeworm (Anoplocephala perfoliata)?

A

Spasmodic colic
Ileal intussusceptions
Caecal impactions

22
Q

How are equine tapeworms (Anoplocephala perfoliata) diagnosed?

A

ELISA of saliva

23
Q

Which equine parasite is often an incidental finding?

A

Gasterophilus intestinalis

24
Q

What is the treatment for the equine tapeworm (Anoplocephala perfoliata)?

A

Praziquantel

Or double dose pyrantel

25
Q

What part of the GI system are strongyles found in?

A

Colon

26
Q

Where are specific large strongyles found? (Originate from large intestine)

A

Strongylus vulgaris - cranial mesenteric artery

Strongylus edentatus - in hepatic ligaments/flank

27
Q

What conditions do large strongyles cause?

A

Verminous arteritis

Thromboembolic colic

28
Q

What treatment is most effective for strongyles?

A

Ivermectin, moxidectin

29
Q

What are small strongyles also known as?

A

Cyathostomins

30
Q

Cyathostomins/small strongyles cause inflammation of what layer of the colon?

A

Submucosal inflammation

31
Q

What is the roundworm in foals called?

A

Parascaris equorum

32
Q

Where is Parascaris equoroum found (roundworm in foals)?

A

Small intestine
Liver
Lung

33
Q

Parascaris equorum roundworms are a common cause of colic. What stage of the parasite causes respiratory disease?

A

Migrating larvae

34
Q

How is Parascaris equorum diagnosed?

A

Faecal egg counts

Worms in faeces

35
Q

How is Parascaris equorum treated?

A

Fenbendazole

36
Q

Oxyuris equi is found in what portion of the GI tract? What ages are affected?

A

Large intestine

All age groups

37
Q

A horse has severe perianal irritation. What is the most likely parasitic cause?

A

Oxyuris equi

38
Q

How is oxyuris equi controlled/treated?

A

Treat with moxidectin and praziquantel
Perianal washing
Clean environment
Quarantine, FEC and worm new stock

39
Q

How is Oxyuris equi prevented in young stock?

A

Worm with praziquantel and moxidectin in Autumn

Again 3 months later if still high FEC

GI (EQ) (5 decks)

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