Weimar and Nazi Germany Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
what did the Nazis do to improve laws and restrictions? (Jews)
A
give up their nationality
restricted from some public places - swimming pools and the cinema
take new Hebrew names
2
Q
what did the Nazis do to start to boycott Jewish shops and improve bans?
A
banned from certain jobs-teachers, lawyers, judges
could not work for the government or civil service
3
Q
when did the Nazis start to boycott Jewish shops and impose bans?
A
1933-35
4
Q
how did German workers react to the Ruhr crisis?
A
they went on strike
5
Q
which social class was hit the hardest by hyperinflation?
A
the middle class
6
Q
what were the positives of hyperinfaltion?
A
farmers benefitted as they were paid more for food
some people and businesses could pay off loans and mortgages
fixed rents for rooms or shops became very cheap
7
Q
what did Stresemann agree to do in November 1923?
A
the government decided to resume payment of reperations
8
Q
what were the effects of the Ruhr crisis?
A
German workers went on strike
government started printing more money
money became worthless-in 1918 an egg cost 1/4 of a mark by November 1923 it cost 18 million marks
9
Q
what is a Fuhrenprinzip?
A
leader who runs everything
10
Q
what is a constitution?
A
rules/guidelines of how a country works
11
Q
what was the Treaty of Versailles?
A
Land was taken from Germany
Army decreased
Money was owed to other countries
Blame placed on Germany
12
Q
what is a Kasier?
A
a figure head of a country and rules alone
13
Q
what is article 72?
A
if 2/3 of Reichstag agree, the constitution can be changed
14
Q
what was the Ruhr?
A
Germanys main industrial area (where its money was being made)
15
Q
when was the new German currency issued and what was it called?
A
the Rentenmark in November 1923
16
Q
when was the SA formed?
A
1921
17
Q
when was the Ruhr invaded and by who?
A
by France and Belgium in 1923 because of Germanys reluctance to pay for reperations (consequence of breaking the treaty of Versailles)
18
Q
which Jewish minister was assinated in 1922?
A
Walther Rathenau
19
Q
who stopped the Kapp Putsch in March 1920?
A
the workers came out on a general strike
19
Q
who stopped the Kapp Putsch in March 1920?
A
the workers came out on a general strike
20
Q
what were some cultural changes in 1924-29?
A
some German films challenged traditional cinema
some artwork commented on German society
architecture challenged traditional ideas
21
Q
what were the negatives of hyperinflation?
A
some people could not afford essentials like bread
wages rose, but not as quickly as prices
some businesses went bankrupt (those that made money took over the struggling ones)
22
Q
how was the standard of living better in 1924?
A
working hours reduced
wages rose
3% of workers earnings were deducted to be put towards insurance
15% rent tax was introduced to fun building associations
between 1925 and 1929 101,000 homes were built
23
Q
which revolt happened in March 1920?
A
the right wing revolt called the Kapp Putsch
24
how did France and Belgium react when the Germans stopped paying their reoperations in 1923?
they occupied the Ruhr and helped themselves to the iron and coal there
25
how was living for women better in 1924?
greater earning power led to more independence for younger, single women
women earned the vote in 1918 and could stand for elections
article 109 stated that women had equal rights to men
marriage was an equal partnership
26
what changes about Germany after 1918?
citizens have more choice for who to vote for (laws, presidents etc)
kasier replaced by a president
the president does not command the army, no more air force
the Reichsrat can no longer vote for a law
the president now appoints and dismisses the Chancellor
27
what was the Reichstag fire?
an arson attack that happned on 27th February 1933
police found Marius Van Der Lubbe a Dutch communist
28
when did the Nazis win 196 seats?
November 1932
29
when did Hitler become leader of the German workers party?
in July 1921
30
what happened in 1917 in Germany?
USA enter WW1
31
what were the weaknesses of the Weimar constitution?
proportional representation led to coalition governments that were unstable or found it difficult to have strong policies and often fell apart
lack of strong government led to weakness in a crisis that ended up with the president passing laws without the prior consent of the Reichstag
it was the choice of the people so was not that popular
32
how did that actions of the government help Hitler into power?
cuts unemployment benefit
this hurts everyone but the very rich
Nazis offer soup kitchens to give free food (makes them seem caring and the government uncaring)
33
what were the strengths of the Weimar constitution?
proportional representation made sure small parties has a fair share of seats
women able to vote as well as men
voting age reduced from 25 to 21
34
what happened in 1918 in Germany?
German sailors muting, November 11th
Kaiser abdicates
november 11th armistice signed
35
what was the Nazi part originally called?
the German workers party
36
when and how did Hitler come to join the party?
in 1919, he was sent as a spy on the 'left wing' party this is how he joined
37
what are right wing and left wing?
right wing=extreme nationalism, racism, violence (fascism)
left wing=extreme equality, redistribution of wealth and removal of private ownership (socialism)
38
what happened in 1919 in Germany?
politicians in Germany create the Weimar republic
sportacist uprising; left-wing attempt to seize control of Germany (January)
June, the treaty of Versailles signed
39
how did the actions of Von Papen and Hindenburg help Hitler into power?
Papen convinced Hindenburg to get rid of Schleicher
Von Papen promises Hindenburg that he will 'push Hitler so far into a corner, he will squeak like a mouse'
40
what is a democracy and autocracy?
democracy=power is divided amongst all people in a country
autocracy=one person ruling a country
41
when was Hitler appointed chancellor?
January 1933
42
how did the wall street crash and the effects of the depression help Hitler into power?
made more people want change and gained popularity of the Nazi party
made the working class appeal to Hitlers ideas
people wanted change and more and more people wanted Hitlers ideas of a better Germany
43
what were some of the points written on the 25th programme by Hitler?
```
increase pensions for the elderly
nationalize industries
get rid of the treaty of Versailles
build up Germanys armed forces
everybody should have a job
all citizens should have equal rights and duties
```
44
what was the enabling act?
in March 23rd 1933 Hitler earned full power over other parties in the Reichstag, he used article 72 to do this
the SDD left with the communists
during voting the SA surrounded the remaining voters holding guns
45
how did Hitlers speeches and charisma help him into power?
people believed in what he spoke about
he persuaded the president of Bursaria to release the ban on the Nzi party
he persuaded Gregor Strasser and Joseph Guebbels to step down as leader
46
how did the Nazi propaganda and actions help Hitler into power?
the current situation was making more and more people (rich) to want more
gave the Nazi party control of some factories and businesses
promised bread and jobs to workers
47
what countrys did Germany owe reperations to and why?
France and Belgium because of the damages done in the war by Germany
48
what is article 48?
in an emergency the president could make laws without goimg to the reichstag first
49
what was the prevention of herditary diseased offspring law?
introduced in 1933, mentally handicapped people were steralised (babies were killed)
50
when did the Nazis impose laws and restrictions?
1935-38
51
give ways in which the Nazis broke the concordat?
began to restrict the catholic churches role in education (in 1939 were destroyed)
started arresting priests in 1935
catholic youth groups were disbannded
52
what is a statistic for unemployment?
unemployment had dropped from 4.8 million in 1933 to 0.3 million in 1939
53
how were people better off with the standard of living?
more jobs with more men in work
car ownership increased
average wages rose by 20% comapred to 1933
54
how were people worse off with the standard of living?
invisable unemployment meant that many were still unemployed
only high earners could afford cars
with the banning of trade unions workers had few rights and worked long hours increased by 6 hours in 1939
55
what did children to to rebel against the Nazi policies?
talked about sex
listened to English and American music
fought with Hitler youth
56
what was the bible replaced with?
Mein kampf
57
what was the cross replaced with?
the swastika
58
what and when was the dawes plan?
in 1924
germany loaned 800 million marks from America
this meant they could start to pay back reperations again
therefore the French left the Ruhr
sparked the recovery of the German economy
59
what are some Nazi policies on women?
women should not work, especially those who were married. Many professional women lost their jobs and were replaced by men
women should get married. The marriage law of 1933 initiated the use of vouchers to newly married couples if the women agreed to stop working
60
what did Dietrich Bonhoeffer do to oppose the Nazi party?
a protestant who joined the resistance, helped Jews escape from Nazi Germany and planned to assasinate Hitler
61
what did Martin Niemoeller do to oppose the nazi party?
set up the confessing church for protestants who were opposed to the Nazis
he spoke out in protest at the persecution of church members in 1937 and spent several years in concentration camps
62
what are some ways Hitler made the 1000 year reich ready to happen?
children said a pledge of loyalty to Hitler that they would support him, obey him and die for him
63
what is a statistic for education?
32% of teachers by 1936 were also members of the Nazi party itself
64
what did children informing on parents do?
made parents afraid of children
breaks bonds
makes children feel powerful
65
what were some factors of the ideal women?
wear traditional clothes
to be fair haired and blue eyes (aryan)
to stay at home and not go to work
66
what did Stresemann do?
stengthend the confidence of the German people
reduced the support for extremist political parties
increased support for moderate parties
67
what was Stresemann apart of?
kellogg briand pact
league of nations
the locarno pact
68
why was the kellogg briand pact good for Germany?
it showed that Germany was once again a major power
69
when did Stresemann quit as chancellor?
in 1929
70
how many followers did Hitler youth have in 1933?
2 million
71
what kind of paintings did the Nazis like?
realistic paintings that fitted with Nazi beliefs
72
what were some ways the nazi party controlled education?
all teachers had to be part of the teachers association (compulsory after 1933)
religious schools were closed down
taught race studies- differences between certain minorities
physical training for army
had to go to school on saturdays
73
how did the pope retaliate to the breach of the concordat?
he spoke out against the Nazis in a letter to catholic churches in Germany
74
what were some ways Hitler made Lebensrawn ready to happen?
parents were given a passport, had 12 spaces for children (encouragment for women to have many children)
children had to say a pledge of loyalty to Hitler that they would support him, obey him and die for him
taught that the strong are better than the weak
any sign of weakness was laughed at
75
what was the national labour service?
from July 1935 it was compulsory for all men aged 18-25 to serve for 6 months on this scheme
worked on job creation schemes and public work
hated it
76
who were included in 'invisable unemployment'?
jews being forced out of jobs
women being dismissed or leaving their jobs
unmarried men under 25 doing national labour service
opponents of the regime who were sent to concentration camps
77
what were job creation schemes?
Nazis put money into large projects
- construction
- motorways
- public buildings
- sports facilities
78
what did Clemens August Von Galen do to oppose the Nazi party?
the Catholic bishop who spoke out against Nazi racism and the euthanasia of the disabled
79
what were race farms?
where aryan men and women met to have aryan children (SS were central)
80
what did BDM stand for?
Bundes Dentsche Madchen
81
what happened in parades?
adults salue children:
| -makes them feel powerful
82
what were the aims of Hitler?
- Lebensrawn
- Volksgemeinschraft
- 1000 year reich
83
what were some examples of rebellion groups in Germany?
swing kids
egeweiss pirates
84
what is a quote from Hitler?
'those who appose me I don't care I have your children'
85
what did the Nazi party do to people who could not afford Hitler youth?
they gave free uniform which increases membership
86
how successful was the policy where women should get married?
the number of marriages did increase but it is not clear if this was due to Nazi policies
87
why did Hitler want to get people working?
if they were poor and hungry they might turn to other political parties for help
were believed by the Nazis to be a waste of valuable resources
88
how did the swing kids oppose the Nazis?
they acted in a way that the nazis disapproved of
89
how did the Nazis support women?
giving out the motherhood cross to women who had many children
offered financial assistance to couples to help them afford to get married
90
what were the German labour front?
the DAF replaced trade unions workers had to be members
91
how did Hitler youth control young children?
seperated children from parents:
-informed on parents
the timetable for school didn't leavr time for family
gives children from poorer familes a holiday
developed aggression for war
clearly there was a level of success as intelligent young people were happy to die for Hitler
92
what did Stresemann do?
called off the German workers strike
brought in a new currency called the Rentenmark
created a coalition of moderate parties in the reichstag that agree to work together
93
name 3 church members that opposed the Nazis
Martin Niemoeller
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Clemens August Von Galen
94
what was the burning of the books?
Hitler told children to burn any books that weren't Nazi supportive, this meant that jewish and other religious books were destroyed
95
what type of music did the Nazis not like?
jazz/modern classical music/anything written by a Jewish composer
96
what happened on the 7th November 1938?
| Kristallnacht
a 17 year old Polish Jew entered the German embassy in Paris and shot a German Nazi diplomat protesting the treatment of Jews (e.g his family)
97
what happened on the 8th November 1938?
| Kristallnacht
Goebbels used the event to stir up resentment against Jews by attacking homes in Handover
98
why did German people let Jews get persecuted?
long standing distrust of Jews
Nazi propoganda
99
what are some numbers for Kristallnacht?
```
100 Jews were killed
814 shops were destroyed
171 homes were destroyed
191 synagogues were destroyed
25,000 Jews were sent to concentration camps
```
100
what was the beauty of Labour?
aimed to improve conditions by reducing noise in the workplace, providing canteens
-workers had to construct these in their spare time
101
what happened on the 9th November 1938?
| Kristallnacht
Goebbels and Hitler decided to increase the violence to a nationwide attack
102
what hapened as a consequence of the Kristallnacht?
Jews were blamed for starting trouble
- Jews were fined 1 billion marks for damages
- had to clean up
103
why were Jews persecuted?
- jealous of their success
- used as scapegoats for Germanys problems
- blamed for Germanys defeat in WW1 and the treaty of versailles
104
what happened on the 9-10th November 1938?
| Kristallnacht
group of unid=formed and non uniformed gangs ran amok amongst Jewish communities destroying and burning shops and homes
105
what was the strength through joy?
aimed to increase productivity by making workers happy
| -provided low cost or free activities
106
how successful was the policy where women should not work?
during 1933-36 the number of employed women fell
107
what were some unsuccessful things during Stresemann?
the hated terms of the treaty of versailles were still in place
there were still extremist parties around
108
why was the locarno pact good for Germany?
it improved relations with France with the border agreement
109
what and when was the young plan?
in 1929
reperations reduced from 6.6 billion to 2 billion
Germany are given an extra 59 years to pay
German government were able to reduce taxes and therfore people had more money to spend
contributed to the recovery of Germanys economy
110
what and when was the Locarno pact?
in 1925
Germany, France and Belgium agreed not to attack each other
the UK and Italy promised to help any of the three countries if an attack ever occured
it helped other countries begin to trust Germany again
helped Germany gain admittance to the league of nations
111
what did the Nazi party do to fight rebellion?
curfews were set at 9:00pm
smoking in public places was band
if these were broken they were either forced to fo manual labour or were killed
112
when and what were the protestant churches merged to form?
in 1936 to form the reich church
113
what was the Nazi hierachy?
```
aryans
other white western europeans
eastern europeans
black people and gypsies
Jews
```
114
what happened to homosexuals?
were sent to prisons or concrentration camps and subjected to medical experiments to correct their 'disorder'
115
what was the nuremburg law?
1935 banned aryans marrying gypsies black people or jews
116
what are some examples of Hitler youth?
the pimpf for boys aged 6-10 years old
117
what were some ways Hitler made volksgemeinschaft ready to happen?
when you went to registor the name of your child there were names that were forebidden (certain Jewish and commuist names)
children who were considered unwell, if there condition did not improve they were taken to an asylum where they were killed
118
how many seats did the Nazis win in 1928?
12 seats
119
how much were reperations?
6.6 billion
120
why was the league of nations good for Germany?
it showed that Germanys views counted
121
what and when was the kellogg briand pact?
in 1928
an agreement between 65 countries including Germany that they would not use war to settle disputes
instead they would call for the peaceful settlement of disputed
this helped countries further their trust in Germany
122
what were the positives of the golden twenties?
Germany changed culturally and people became more open with their views on politics and daily life
they were becoming more modern and exciting for some people
women gain alot more freedom along with homosexuals (these things were illegal in other parts of the world)
123
what was the book that Hitler wrote?
main kampf
124
who was the chancellor of Germany in 1923?
Gustav Stresemann
125
when did hyperinflation end?
1924
126
when was the wall street crash?
1929
127
what were the negatives of the golden twenties?
april 1928 there were atleast 180,000 middle class workers without jobs
not many people were affected by the cultural changes that changed Germany
some people were anry at the stray away from traditional views
128
what were the weaknesses of the weimar constitution?
proportionl representation to coalition governments that were unstable, or found it difficult to have strong policies and often fell apart
lack of strong government led to weakness in a crisis that ended up with the president passing laws without the prior consent of the reichstag
it was not the choice of the people so was not that popular
129
what happened in 1917 in Germany?
USA enter WW1
130
when did Hitler become leader of the German workers party?
in July 1921
131
when did the Nazis win 196 seats?
November 1932
132
what was the reichstag fire?
an arson attack that happened on 27th February 1933
police found Marius Van Der Lubbe a Dutch communist
133
what changes about Germany after 1918?
citizens have more choice for who to vote for (laws, presidents etc)
kasier replaced by a president
the president does not command the army, no more air force
the reichsrat can no longer vote for a law
the president now appoints and dismisses the chancellor
134
how was living for women better in 1924?
greater earning power led to more independance for younger, single women
women earned the vote in 1918 and could stand for elections
article 109 stated that women had equal rights to men
marriage was an equal partnership
135
how did France and Belgium react when the Germans stopped paying their reperations in 1923?
they occupied the Ruhr and helped themselves to the iron and coal there
136
which revolt happened in March 1920?
the right wing revolt called the Kapp Putsch
137
how was the standard of living better in 1924?
working hours reduced
wages rose
3% of workers earnings were deducted t be put towards insurance
15% rent tax was introduced to fun building associations
between 1925 and 1929 101,000 homes were built
138
what were the negatives of hyperinflation?
some people could not afford essentials like bread
wahes rose, but not as quickly as prices
some businesses went bankrupt (those that made money took over the struggling ones)
139
what were some cultural changes in 1924-29?
some German films challenged traditional cinema
some art work commented on German society
artiteture challenged traditional ideas
140
who stopped the Kapp Putsch in March 1920?
the workers came out on a general strike
141
when was the ruhr invaded and by who?
by France and Belgium in 1923 because of Germanys reluctance to pay for reperations (consequence of breaking the treaty of versailles)
142
when were the SA formed?
1921
