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Weimar And Nazi Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were the SS (Schutzstaffel)

A

Most important, initially a body guard service for Hitler, set up concentration camps (jails not for the jews), all black uniform

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2
Q

What was the cross of honour

A

Awarded to women for having children
Bronze = 4
Silver = 6
Gold = 8+

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3
Q

What was the building of the autobahn?

A

Nazis wanted to build 7000km of dual carriage ways over germany to transport goods and people, 125000 employed to help in 1935 which created jobs

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4
Q

Who was Joesef Goebbels?

A

Chief of German propaganda, wanted nazi ideas deeply buried in propaganda so people didn’t realise their attitudes were changing

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5
Q

Who were the Gestapo?

A

Secret police force, monitored German population, intercepted mail, they were the people who found out if you opposed Hitler or spoke bad about him, plain clothed uniform

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6
Q

What was Lebensborn?

A

Women who were deemed racially valuable (aryan) encouraged to give birth

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7
Q

What was the Munich Putsch?

A

A failed attempt by hitler in november to overthrow the weimar Republic government

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8
Q

What was the cause of the Munich putsch?

A

Hitler believed in the stab in the back theory , rise in support for thr NSDAP, hyperinflation, invasion of the Ruhr. All of this made Hitler want to propose his ideas.

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9
Q

What were the Munich Putsch events?

A

Hitler and supporters marched on Munich to declare Hitler leader of Germany, marched to main square and met police, gun fight, Hitler arrested

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10
Q

Name the consequences of the Munich Putsch?

A

Arrests, Hitler arrested where he used the time to find next steps for his party, deaths, NSDAP banned

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11
Q

Name the consequences of the Munich Putsch?

A

Arrests, Hitler arrested where he used the time to find next steps for his party, deaths, NSDAP banned

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12
Q

Who were the Eldewiss pirates

A

Working class youth who didn’t like the youth restrictions made by Hitler, spread anti nazi ideas, helped hide Jewish friends, teenagers who wanted to rebel not overthrow

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13
Q

What was conscription?

A

Forced into the military

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14
Q

Who were the SD (Sicherheitsdienst)

A

Arrested people, seize property, search homes, prevented sabotage and opposition of the nazi party, responsible for the top nazis and Hitler security

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15
Q

What is master race?

A

People (aryan and german) who claimed to be superior to all others, dominated

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16
Q

What were the Nuremburg laws?

A

Anti semetic laws, Jews: not allowed german citizenship, not allowed civil and political rights, couldn’t be doctors, Jewish children not allowed to go to school

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17
Q

What was indoctrination?

A

Process of repeating or teaching an idea or belief until it is accepted without question

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18
Q

What were the 3k’s for women?

A

Kinder- children
Kuche- kitchen
Kirche- church

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19
Q

Who were the november criminals?

A

Leaders of the weimar government who signed the treaty

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20
Q

What were the 4 main things in Hitlers way?

A

1) Reichstag fire
2) Enabling act
3) Night of long knives
4) Death of Hindenburg

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21
Q

Who was Otto Dix?

A

Known for paintings filled with anguish and exploited figures. To represent the turmoil of his time.

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22
Q

What was the aim of the national labour service (RAD) ?

A

Aim was to make work for the unemployed, first joining was an option then it became compulsory for 6 months for all men aged 18-25

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23
Q

What did the men do when part of the national labour service ?

A

Helped road building, agriculture and community projects

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24
Q

Why did many men dislike the national labour service (RAD)

A

Low pay, bad working conditions, men didn’t like it as it was seen as service for the nazis not work

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25
What was the stab in the back theory (Dolchtoss) ?
Belief that the army didn't loose WW1 but were betrayed by the politicians who agreed to the treaty. Stabbed them in the back by ending the war.
26
Define sterilisation?
Women who were inferior (disabled, had a hereditary disease) prevented from reproducing in order to keep the aryan race pure
27
Explain the Concordat (1933) ?
To get the majority Hitler needed extra support so he made an agreement with the pope (concordat) to promise he would protect german catholics if he gained catholics support, this won over many german catholics, however Hitler didn't keep his side of the promise
28
What was the night of long knives? (1934)
SA members demanded that the Nazi party should carry a socialist agenda (list of terms to be discussed) and the SA to take over the army
29
Why did Hitler not like the ideas proposed by the SA (night of long knives) ?
Hitler didn't want to annoy army or businessmen so the SS murdered around 400 members of the SA
30
What were the consequences of the Knight of long knives?
It destroyed opposition, gave power to brutal SS, showed the world he was a tyrant which removed any internal opposition the the nazis
31
Why was the Berlin olympics importang to Hitler?
Hitler saw it as an opportunity to promote antisemitic and racial supremacy ideals and propaganda, Jesse Owens (American and black) was most successful athlete
32
What was the german faith movement?
95% Germans Christian which was threat to his authority as it taught peace. Created german Christians within the Reich church who promoted Nazi ideas. Used the policy to control teachings of the church, a reich church was established
33
How did the german faith movement affect catholics?
Catholic schools suppressed, Catholic newspapers banned
34
What was strength through joy (KDF) ?
Gave workers reward for hard work such as theatre trips and cheap holidays
35
What was the cause of the strength through joy (KDF) ?
To support the fuhrer, thank him, keep people happy after abolishing the trade unions, volkswagen scheme where people payed in installments to buy the car when WW2 started many lost their money as factories had to turn to manufacturing arms
36
Treaty of versailles, LAMB ?
LAND (13%) ARMY (100,000 SOLDIERS) MONEY (£6.6 BILLION) BLAME FOR WW1
37
What was the Kristallnacht (1932) ?
SS organised attacks on Jewish homes and businesses due to the assassination of a German ambassador (Ernst Vom Rath) by a Jew
38
What was the Enabling Act?
Laws didn't need to go through the Reichstag instead decided by the cabinet and Chancellor advisors
39
What was the enabling act passed?
Hitler got enough votes for it to be passed by the Reichstag
40
What were the consequences of the Enabling Act?
Hitler able to destroy all Nazi opposition and all political parties abolished by 1933, ended democracy which meant dictatorship
41
How did the unemployment figures fall by 4 million? (INVISIBLE UNEMPLOYMENT)
Jews and women not counted as forced to give up work, didn't count part time workers people in concentration camps/ prisons not counted.
42
How did people get jobs to reduce unemployment?
Hitler ignored treaty so by 1939 there was 1,360,000 in the military which gave people jobs, led to a demand in arms, people had to work in factories to produce these giving people jobs, SS+SA+Gestapo gave people jobs (which weren't considered real jobs as only needed for Nazi purposes to spy on and control the public)
43
What was the SA?
Nazi party's paramilitary force (unofficial force)
44
Why was the SA created?
To increase Nazi popularity by intimidating nazi opponents especially communists, provide opportunities for young unemployed to be a part of it and to protect hitler
45
What did the SA help Hitler to create?
It helped make Hitler a dictator
46
Where was Hitlers first appearance in Germany?
DAP (german workers party) Hitler joined, far right political party
47
How Wall Street crash of 1929 affect Germany?
Germany suffered the most, US wanted loans back (Dawes plan) which Gemany couldn't pay
48
Explain the Swing Youth Movement?
Opposed Nazi culture, didn't want to overthrow, middle class teenagers, liked American+British culture and films, listened to US jazz, not viewed as much of a threat by Nazis
49
What was the Hitler Youth?
Group for boys, learnt Nazi beliefs, physical training such as hiking, prepare them to be soldiers
50
Who was the Bauhaus?
Very influential art movement, his theory was architecture was an opportunity to introduce beauty to all, bring art back into everyday life suppressed by nazis in 1933
51
What was the consequences of the Bauhaus? (Golden 20's)
Changed traditional ideas of architecture.
52
What was the peoples court?
Decided cases about treason, judges met in secret, members chosen by Hitler, no appeals, sentenced people to death
53
What were reparations?
Money that had to be paid
54
What was the NSDAP?
National socialist german workers party
55
What were some reasons for the increase in support for Hitler?
Growing unemployment, falling wages
56
What was the Kapp Putsch?
Right wing, army had to be reduced due to the treaty, as a reaction to this the right wing nationalist Wolfgang Kapp led a freikorps takeover in berlin, Kapp was only defeated when the workers went on strike and refused to work with him
57
Reuchstag fire
February 27th 1933, day after the fire the government called it a communist plot, blamed on the communist, communist Van der Lubbe was found inside the reichstag (was a communist), no more non-nazi newspapers.
58
What is a dictatorship?
Country run by one leader with total control and power.
59
What is the definition of the Munich Putsch?
Armed uprising
60
What was the 25 point programme?
Hitler came up with 25 points to make germany stronger and help german people, mixture of nationalism and socialism, led to a growth in the party due to one of the points being 'no Jewish person should be a citizen'
61
Explain the occupation of the Ruhr?
Germany couldn't afford reparations, French/Belgium troops took over the Ruhr (industrial area), German workers went on strike (government didn't blame them for striking), germanys economy suffered
62
How did the invasion of the Ruhr lead to hyperinflation?
Government printed money to pay the striking workers even though they weren't making money, this resulted in hyperinflation, shops rose prices meaning the government had to keep printing money which continued to make prices rise
63
Who were the Freikorps (free corps) ?
Right wing, ex-soldiers asked to help stop the uprisings, they were men who had to leave the army due to the TOV
64
What is a constitution?
Set of rules outlining how a country is run
65
What were the strengths of germanys constitution?
Voting proportional and representative, all Germans gad the right to vote, electorate can change president
66
What were the weaknesses of the constitution?
No party ever got the majority, too fair so people could make own party, president could make decisions without the Reichstag
67
Who were the Electrorate?
People able to vote in elections, men and women aged 21 years or over
68
Describe Germanys parliament?
Made up of two houses, Reichstag and Reichstrat, normally laws had to pass through both houses
69
How was the Chancellor chosen?
Chancellor was the head of government, chosen by the president, had to have most support of the Reichstag
70
Who was the head of State?
Head of weimar Republic, chose the Chancellor, elected by people every 7 years
71
What was the Republic and what challenges dis it face?
The Republic was the Weimar Republic, it was the government from 1919-1933, it faced political challenges as it was in the middle of the left and right wing
72
Features of the Sparticist uprising?
Rosa Luxembourg, Karl Leiebknecht, extreme sociologists, happened in 1919
73
Who was Gustav Stresseman? (1923)
He introduced a new currency called the Rentenmark, ended the hyperinflation crisis, got french to leave the Ruhr, git the USA to loan Gefmany money (Dawes plan)
74
What was the Dawes Plan? (1924)
Us agreed the reparation payment would be reduced to a manageable amount, French troops would leave the Ruhr, USA would make loans to help germany, allies help reorganise the german reichsbank, the plan solved the problem of germany being unable to afford reparations
75
What was the Locarno Pact? (1925)
Agreement with Britain, France, Belgium, Italy. Not change borders between Germany, France, Belgium. Solved problem of bad relationship with Britain + France
76
The League of Nations? (1926)
For it to work, Germany had to join the league, solved the problem of germany not being respectable or important
77
What was the Kellogg Briand Pact? (1928)
Agreement signed with 64 other countries: only use army for self defence and try and solve problems peacefully. Showed germanys reputation was improving
78
The Young Plan? (1929)
Dawes plan was very successful, another plan happened with American banker (Owen Young), agreed the reparations would be reduced from £6.6 billion to £2 billion and germany would have 59 years to pay it, solved challenging reparation payments
79
When was the Dawes Plan?
1924
80
What was the Dawes Plan?
US agreed reparations would be reduced to a manageable amount, French troops would leave the Ruhr, US send loans to help Germany, allies help reorganise the german reichbank, solved problem of being unable to pay reparations
81
What was invisible emplyment?
The way the Nazis made it look like employment figures had reduced dramatically
82
How did women and jews affect invisible unemployment ?
Not counted as forced to give up work
83
What people weren't counted in employment figures?
•Jews •Women •Part time workers •People in concentration camps snd prisons
84
How did the army affect invisible unemployment?
Hitler ignored TOV so by 1939 there was 1,360,000 in the military, this gave people jobs, led to a demand in arms, people had to work in factories to produce them giving 72,000 people jobs
85
How did the SS, SA and Gestapo affect invisible unemployment?
Gave people jobs but not considered real jobs as only needed for thr Nazis to spy on and control the public
86
What was the DAP?
Germans worker party, Hitler joined, far right political party
87
4 things in Hitlers way?
•Reichstag fire •Enabling Act •Night of long knives •Death of Hindenburg
88
Strengths of the constitution?
-Voting proportional+representativ -All Germans had right to vote -Electorate can change president
89
What houses was the German Parliament made up of?
Two houses = reichstag and reichsrat, laws normally had to pass through both houses
90
Who were the electorate?
People able to vote in elections. Men and women 21+years
91
4 stages of parliament?
1)Electorate 2)Parliament 3)Chancellor 4)Head of state /President
92
What was the Young plan?
Dawes Plan very successful, another plan with American banker Owen Young, agreed reparations reduced from £6.6 billion to £2 billion, 59 years to pay it, solved challenging reparation payments
93
When was the Young Plan?
1929
94
What was the League of Nations?
For it to work germany had to join league, solved problem of germany not being respectsble
95
When was the League of Nations?
1926
96
What was KDF (strength through joy)?
Gave workers rewards for hard work like picnic, theatre trips, cheap/free holidays
97
Cause of strength through joy (KDF)?
Support Fuhrer and thank him, keep people happy after abolishing trade unions
98
Was the Volkswagen scheme part of the KDF (strength through joy)?
Yes, pay in installments, got car once paid but when WW2 started many lost money as factories had to manufacture arms
99
What was the electorate?
All men and women 21 years and over
100
How many houses was parliament made up of?
2 (Reichstag and Reichstrat). Laws had to pass both houses
101
What were the Reichstag?
-More powerful -Controlled taxation -Elected by people -Every 4 years
102
What was the Reichstrat?
-Elected every 4 years -Represented Germany regions
103
Who were the government?
Chancellor and cabinet
104
Who was the Chancellor?
-head of government -chose ministers
105
Who was the cabinet?
Main decision makers
106
Who was the head of state?
-President -Elected by people -Every 7 years -Chose Chancellor -Pass laws without constitution
107
Strengths of constitution?
•Proportional representation •Women able to vote •Voting age from 25 to 21 •No group/person could have too much power •Election for president
108
Weaknesses of constitution?
○Proportional respresentation= unstable governments,policies didn't work ○Lack of strong government = weakness in crisis so passed laws without Reichstag

History Revision Flashcards (2 decks)

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