Weimar & Nazi Germany

Question 1

Impact of ww1 on Germany

Answer 1

Germany was deeply in debt due to borrowing money to fund the war (economic)

Machinery was worn out in factoried due to overworking (economic)

German workers had restrictions placed on wages (social)
Germany became unstable, there were strikes and mutiny spread across the navy ( political )

Question 2

On the 28th of October 1918…

Answer 2

The navy was ordered to go out to sea to attack British ships, but the order was refused by soldiers.

Question 3

29/10-24/11/1918…

Answer 3

Mutiny spreads to towns and military bases across germany

Question 4

By the 7th of november 1918…

Answer 4

Frankfurt, munich, Hamburg are in control by soldiers and workers council

Question 5

9/11/1918…

Answer 5

Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates

Question 6

Who became the temporary head of state, and what political party was he head of?

Answer 6

Ebert, head of the social democratic party

Question 7

On Nov 11th…

Answer 7

Armistice is signed

Question 8

What did ebert to after the armistice was signed?

Answer 8

Arranged for a new German parliament, declaring it a democratic republic

Question 9

Ebert also ordered?

Answer 9

Improved working conditions
Help for unemployed
Freedom of speech and religion.

Question 10

Who were the spartacists?

Answer 10

A left wing Communist group based in Berlin

Question 11

Who were they lead by?

Answer 11

Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebnecht

Question 12

What did spartacists want

Answer 12

They wanted Germany to be run by a democratically elected council of workers, not by a large parliament.

Question 13

Who were the friekorps?

Answer 13

A right wing paramilitary group, also based in berlin.

Question 14

Friekorps hated?

Answer 14

Spartacists and the ideology of communism

Question 15

What did friekorps blame spartacists for

Answer 15

Causing instability in the country, which lead to Germany’s defeat in ww1

Question 16

On january 6th 1919…

Answer 16

Spartacists tried to take over Berlin, they took control of many important buildings.

Question 17

How did Ebert respond?

Answer 17

He sent in 2,000 ex soldiers from the friekorps to attack.

Question 18

How long did the fighting last?

Answer 18

For 3 days. Friekorps won, and its leaders were excecuted, and buildings were taken back

Question 19

In late January of 1919…

Answer 19

Ebert held elections, the Social Democratic Party won, making him the leader

Question 20

Why was it named the weimar republic?

Answer 20

On February 11th, 1919, they fled berlin to escape violence, and met in a place called Weimar. They came back once violence died down

Question 21

What was the Weimar constituion

Answer 21

All Germans had equal rights
Politicians were elected every 4 years
A chancellor would work on the day to day running of the country, and the president, would controll the army, navy and airforce

Question 22

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles and how why they were opposed:

Answer 22

Loss of land: east prussia was given to poland
This would cause opposition as east Prussia was the birthplace of german nationalism, causing patriotic Germans to stand against it
Military restrictions: the german army was limited to 100,000 men.
This would cause opposition as they would be unable to defend themselved.
Reparations: Germany had to pay
132 billion marks.
This would cause opposition as Germany was already in a debt of -150 billion marks

Question 23

On January 11th 1923:

Answer 23

The French occupied the ruhr, an industrial city in Germany as a result of them not paying reparations.

Question 24

What did Germany to to end the occupation?

Answer 24

The young plan

Dawes plan

Question 25

What was the young plan and when was it done?

Answer 25

This was a reduction of the amount of reparations needed to be paid by germany, reducing pressure. It went through in 1929

Question 26

What was the Dawes plan and when did it go through?

Answer 26

Gustav Stresseman arranged for america to lend 800 million marks to Germany in 1923

Question 27

What happened as a result of this?

Answer 27

Germany began to pay what it owed The French withdrew from the Ruhr

Question 28

What did Stresseman do with the remaining money from the loans?

Answer 28

He build schools, factories, houses schools and roads

Question 29

What was the locarno pact and when was it signed, and by whom was it signed?

Answer 29

The pact stated that germany, Italy, Britain, France and Belgium would not go to war with one another. It also stated that germany would accept the western borders of the country, but not the eastern side. It was signed on December, 1925

Question 30

When did Germany join the league of nations?

Answer 30

September, 1926 They were initially banned from it

Question 31

What was the kellog briand pact and when was it signed?

Answer 31

The countries agreed to never go to war with one another, unless for self defense. It was signed between Germany and 60 other countries

Question 32

Changes seen in germany from 1924-1929 + challanges still faced

Answer 32

Women: Had equal voting rights Equal access in education and jobs However, women had less pay despite working similar jobs Some still promoted the idea of women staying at home Workers: Increased income for workers Eight hout working day & strong trade union protection However, the wages of farm workers were half the national minimum There weren't enough jobs for rising population Industry: German Companies like Mercedes Benz became respected Modern technology improved productivity However, high tax rates were unpopular wirh owners & high earners

Question 33

In nov 1923

Answer 33

Hitler started the munich putsch

Question 34

How did munich putsch start

Answer 34

8th november 1923 hitler bursts into a beer hall in Munich where Gustav bon kahr was speaking

Question 35

What was gustav von kahr head of

Answer 35

Bavarian government, they wanted freedom from Germany

Question 36

What happened to kahr and his conpanions after Hitler entered the hall

Answer 36

They were locked up into a small room while hitlet marched to Berlin to take over the country

Question 37

Who did Hitler have support from

Answer 37

General Lundendorff

Question 38

What did the SA do

Answer 38

Took over government buildings and arrested officials

Question 39

What did Kahr do the next morning?

Answer 39

He promised to help hitler, but when he was released, he went back to his word and contacted police

Question 40

Was the munich putsch a success or not? And why

Answer 40

It was not because Hitler was woundef and he and ludendorff were arrested

Question 41

What happened in hitlers trial

Answer 41

It lasted 24 days It was reported in news papers all across Germany He used this to his advantage and let his political views and criticism of government be open to the public

Question 42

Why did hitler receive a light sentence?

Answer 42

He impressed the judges causing ludendorff to be released and Hitler only to do nine months depite a 5 year sentence

Question 43

What did hitler do in prison

Answer 43

Wrote mein kampf

Question 44

Changes made to the Nazi party after the ban was lifted

Answer 44

New structure: Branches were set up alla across Germany Each region was controlled by a gauleiter who would recruit more followers New nazi groups: Groups were established, allowing doctors, lawyers, and students and many other proffesions could join The hitler youth was set up New nazi officials: The sa were too violent, making the party look bad Hitler forces ernst röhm to resign and recruited a new leader New approaches: Leading nazis were trained in public speaking Leaflets given out showing nazi philosophies and doctrines New targets: