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vets 1025 > Welfare > Flashcards

Welfare Flashcards

1
Q

design needs to pay attention to

A
  • understanding of behaviour
  • AW; 5 domains
  • low stress handling
  • human safety
  • regulatory controls
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2
Q

guidelines in usa abattoirs surrounding slipping

A

less than 1% with fall injuries is ok, more is not ok and 5% plus is severe problem

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3
Q

low bail feeding

A

cows on pasture and fed some concentrate during milking

1 ton of grain/ concentrate to one cow during her lactation period

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4
Q

moderate to high bail feeding

A

same as low ball but fed more grain or concentrate during milking time, requires more complexity in feed storage and movement

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5
Q

partial mixed ration

A

cows on pasture but fed PMR of feedpad or some form of feeding system outside milking shed and separate to pasture

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6
Q

total mixed ration

A

most intensive, cows fed all of their required feed intake

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7
Q

stand off area

A

gets cows off pasture to avoid pasture and soil damage mainly in wet muddy conditions

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8
Q

loafing pad

A

area to hold stock off-paddock during wet conditions

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9
Q

temporary feed-out area

A

area in paddock where cattle fed in moveable troughs or hay rings, short term stand off and feeding

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10
Q

feedpad

A

purpose built area compacted earth or concrete w crowned top, access to feed troughs or feeding system, often used for PMR

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11
Q

shelter or barn type shed

A

roofed area for standing or lying w bedding, feed, water

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12
Q

full time housed operations

A

loose housing, freestall or drylot housing

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13
Q

ventilation function

A
  • remove excess heat
  • remove excess water vapour, humidity
  • remove microorganisms, dust, gases, ammonia
  • minimize draught
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14
Q

passive ventilation

A
  • relies on external wind and design of inlets and outlets
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15
Q

active or forces ventilation

A

fans to move air

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16
Q

aim of design should maximize ____ ventilation

A

passive (wind)

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17
Q

ammonia gas comes from

A

bacterial urease enzymes working on urea in ruine and undigested protein in feces

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18
Q

hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

A

forms under anaerobic conditions (absence of oxygen) so largely form manure storage
rotton egg smell

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19
Q

co2 could accumulate in

A

very poorly ventilated buildings

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20
Q

carbon monoxide from

A

engine exhaust

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21
Q

lighting wise cows need

A

6-8 hours of darkness and reasonable lux (over 50) to have normal rhythm

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22
Q

transport risks

A

psychological, physical and disease exposure

23
Q

meat quality is influenced by

A

animal and management factors and by handling in the 2 weeks pre-slaughter and first few hours after slaughter

24
Q

glycogen and pH

A
  • glycogen is energy reserve
  • levels increased by feeding and fall with stress and absence of feed
  • after slaughter glycogen is converted to lactic acid and decreases the pH of muscle
  • desired pH 5.7 or less
  • pH above 5.7 is dark cutting
25
dark cutting
- pH above 5.7, decreased glycogen which increased pH - dark colour, coarse texture, inferior flavour, reduced shelf life
26
PSE meat (pigs and poultry)
- pale, soft, exudative - genetic predisposition: malignant hyperthermia gene - stress causes increased muscle glycolysis - generates lactic acid - drives pH down; muscle w low pH interferes w ability to hold water - pale, soft and wet
27
DFD meat
- dark, first, dry - mainly ruminants - poor nutrition, severe stress, depletion of muscle glycogen stores, pH rises, dark, firm, dry
28
who is responsible for legislation covers transport of animals WITHIN aus
states and territories in qld its in the animal care and protection act
29
who is responsible for legislation covering international movement of animals
commonwealth or national government there is Australian standards and guidelines on this topic; 6 sections "the australian animal welfare standards and guidelines for land transport of livestock"
30
principles of good transport
- prep - selection - low stress handling, trained ppl, good facilities, - design of vehicle - journey time minimized - feed and water requirements, shelter, protection from injury and disease
31
stages of land transport of livestock
- mustering at place of origin (paddock to yard) - yarding and handling: sorted - curfew period; no water and/or food to reduce volume of GI tract and bladder - loading onto vehicle - transport - unloading - post arrival; let out onto pasture/ water or lairage before slaughter
32
other types of transport (other than vehicle)
- rail; require truck transport to rail loading and truck transport from rail unloading - journey on hoof - live export via sea or air
33
general standard 1
responsibility and planning
34
who is responsible for livestock before they are loaded general standard 1: responsibility and planning
livestock consignor (supplier or producer or vendor)
35
who is responsible for livestock from point of load to point of unloading and notifying receiver general standard 1: responsibility and planning
the driver
36
who is responsible for livestock from point of unloading and notification general standard 1: responsibility and planning
person at destination, could be purchaser, operators, staff etc
37
other than who is responsible for the animals what else does "general standard 1: responsibility and planning" include
- selection of animals (fit to load, groupings and densities, curfews) - vehicle - route, travel time - driver competency - documentations and approvals - contingency
38
general standard 2
stock handling competency; a person involved in any part of livestock transport process must be competent to perform their required task or must be supervised by a competent person
39
general standard 3
transport vehicles and facilities vehicles and facilities for holding, loading and unloading must be constructed, maintained and operated to minimize risks to livestock welfare
40
general standard 3 vehicles and facilities includes what
- facilities appropriate for species - airflow - non slip, safe flooring - minimize injury - enough vertical clearance for livestock stand without injury
41
general standard 4
pre transport selection of livestock livestock must be assessed as fit for intended journey
42
animal is NOT fit to load if general standard 4; pre-transport selection of livestock
- unable to walk on its own by bearing weight on all 4 legs - emaciated - dehydrated - injury or distress - suffering from conditions likely to cause pain or distress during transport - blind in both eyes - near parturition if not fit must only be transported under vet advice
43
general standard 5
loading, transport and unloading livestock are handled, loaded, transported and unloaded in manner that minimizes risks to livestock welfare
44
what does "general standard 5; loading, transporting, unloading" include
- managing time off water - loading density; driver has final decision - segregate welfare by driver; species, class, size, health, aggression - appropriate handling - safe and secure loading - checks during journey - seek help asap for injured, distressed - take steps to minimize impact of extreme weather events
45
general standard 6
humane destruction where necessary to destroy livestock, it is done promptly, safely and humanely
46
general standard 6; humane destruction includes what
- euth asap if necessary - done by competent person - use appropriate methods - check animal is dead
47
the 6 standards
1) responsibilities and planning 2) stock handling competency 3) transport vehicles and facilities 4) pre-transport selection of livestock 5) loading, transporting, unloading 6) humane destruction
48
how long should you hold off feed and water
feed 6-12 hours water 6-8 hours
49
cattle over 6 months old max time off water
48 hours
50
what is a key issue, major source of injuries, and has its own separate standards
loading ramps
51
what is most common truck in more settled areas
B double; front trailer is half size of back, 2 decks, stable on road
52
road trains
only use approved rates
53
size of vehicles
- semi trailer; one trailer - B double; 2 - road train; more than 2

vets 1025 (44 decks)

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