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animal husbandry and welfare > welfare leglistaltion > Flashcards

welfare leglistaltion Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the animal wefare act 2006

A

covers all domestic animals including vertebrates
is an offence to cause an animal unnecessary suffering
duty of care on owners to ensure the welfare of their animals

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2
Q

what other acts are geneeral animals covered by

A

-welfare of animals tranposrt order 2006 (all domestic animals including vertebrate and cold blooded invertebrate animals )
-mutilations 2007
-animal welfare sentience act 2022 ( animal sentience enshrined in UK law, all vertebrates and some invertebrates)

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3
Q

What acts are farm animals protected by

A

-animal welfare act 2006
-welfarre of farmed animals regulations 2007 (prevents unnecessary suffering and specific requirements for ensuring welfare)
- mutilations 2008 (all mutilations are banned under animal welfare act but some allowed under this like castration, dehorning, disbudding..)
-welfare of animals at time of killing
- welfare of animals markets order 1990 (welfare when selling)

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4
Q

what are lab animals protected by

A

animal scientific procedures act

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5
Q

what are companion animals protected by

A

animal welfare act 2006
mutilations 2007
dangerous dogs act 1991
pet animals act 1952
animal boarding establishments act
breeding of dogs act 1973, 1991
breeding and sale of dogs welfare act 1999

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6
Q

what are wildlife animals protected by

A

wildlife and countryside act 1981
dangerous wild animals act 1976

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7
Q

what are circuses and zoo animals protected by

A

performing animals act 1925
zoo licensing act 1981

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8
Q

how are vets involved with animal legislation

A
  • hav eprofessional responsibility to know animal welfare
    -advise your clients
    -professional witness in court
  • enforcement authority (DEFRA and RSPCA)
    -policy development
    -expert witness
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9
Q

where to find legislation and codes of england for animal welfare

A

https://www.gov.uk/animal-welfare

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10
Q

what are welfare codes

A

booklets that contain relevant legislation for keeping specific species
- set out legal standards and mean failure to comply with law subject to preosecution
tell best practice advice but not the law
- guidance on maintiaining high standards of husbandry
- failure to comply can be used to back up prosecution
- require updating

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11
Q

WHat is the FAWC

A

farm animal welfare committee
formed in 1979
independent government advisory body
review welfare of farm animals on land, at market, in transit and slaughter
publishes independently, recommendations to government can be implemented by legislation and welfare codes

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12
Q

what does brexit mean for welfare legislation

A

uk free to change its own animal welfare laws (raise or lower standards)
but welfare standards impact on trade and trade negotiations so new trade agreements could lead to downward pressure on uk standards to remain competitive

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13
Q

WHat does animal welfare sentience act 2022 mean and include

A
  • response to brexit
  • repsonse to development in animal welfare science on sentience of fish and crustaceans and cephalopods
  • ministers must give all due regard to possible negative impacts of new legislation on animal welfare, leaving scope for ministers to conclude that other factors outweigh animal welfare considerations
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14
Q

What did animal welfare act 2006 introduce

A

introduced a duty of care on owners of all vertebrate animals to ensure the welfare of animals in their care. Those responsible for the enforcement of welfare laws can take action if an owner is not taking all reasonable steps to ensure the welfare of their animal even if it is not currently suffering

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15
Q

what animals are protected by the animal welfare act 2006

A

vertebrate animals other than man that are:
- commonly domesticated in the british isles
- under control of man permanently or temporarily
- not living in a wild state

labarotory animals not included as protected by scientific procedures act

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16
Q

who has responsibility for animals in the animal welfare act 2006

A

owners
those in charge of animals permanently or tempoaraiiy
parents or guardians of under 16 year olds (not kids)

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17
Q

how does the animal welfare act 2006 prevent harm

A
  • stops offences (unnecessary suffering section 4)
    = act/failure to act causes unnecessary suffering to a protected animal
    reasonable knowledge that act/failure to would cause suffering
    didn’t prefent actions of others that caused suffering
  • stops administration of poisions
  • fighting
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18
Q

What is unnecessary suffering

A
  • if conduct wasn’t for a legitimate purpose e.g. benefits the animal (vet treatment) , protecting person, property or other animal
  • suffereing not proportionate to purpose conduct concerend
  • if suffering could have been avoided or reduced
  • conduct by a reasonaly competent and humane person
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19
Q

what are mutilations

A

carrying out a procedure on an animal which involves interference with
the sensitive tissues or bone structure of the animal, other than for medical
treatment

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20
Q

what mutilations are banned

A

ear cropping, tail docking in dogs (except medical treatment, or certain working dogs)
not banned = spaying, castration, dehorning

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21
Q

what is the duty to ensure welfare (section 9 in animal welfare act 2006)

A

states it is an offence for person responsible not to take reasonable steps to ensure needs of animal are met in accordance with good practice, including:
-suitable environment
-diet
-ability to exhibit normal behaviour
- housing with/away other animals
-protection from suffering, injury and disease
porvsion for licensing or registration of activities involving animals , prohibition of sale to animals to children under 16
can’t give animals as prizes

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22
Q

what are the different enforcement powers

A

Formal Powers of Enforcement, Animal Health Plant Agency ,
Local Authority Officers (Trading Standards), Police
* RSPCA or other welfare charities investigate and bring
prosecutions under this act also but no formal powers. If
want to seize, enter or search premises, they need the
owner’s consent. If no consent need to be accompanied by
one of above (police)
* Police will also prosecute, especially if severe case, especially
if links to human abuse or sexual abuse or organised gangs or
violence

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23
Q

what is a care/improvement notice under the animal welfare act 2006

A

– If responsible person failing to secure welfare of
an animal, inspector may serve care notice
– Notice specifies nature of failure, steps required
for rectification and compliance period
– No offence if recommended steps are taken

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24
Q

When/ what does taking possession of animals include

A

if suffering/likely to suffer if circumstances do not
change, with veterinary certificate or without if
reasonable in the circumstances
 can include dependent offspring
 can care for where found or at other appropriate place
 powers of entry to search for protected animals

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25
Can an animal be destroyed under the animal welfare act 2006
By inspector/constable with veterinary certificate, or without veterinary certificate if reasonable in the circumstances
26
what can enforecement powers do under the animal welfare act 2006
* Seizure of animals involved in fighting * Entry and search under warrant/for arrest * Inspection in connection with licences/registration – Compliance – Records * Inspection of farm premises * Prosecution
27
What can happen post-conviction
Imprisonment or fine – Term up to five years, fine * Deprivation orders – Animals removed * Disqualification orders – Owning or keeping animals * Seizure orders where disqualification breached * Termination/variation of disqualification – court decides, appeals also allowed
28
How are farm animals protected by legislation
On Farm – Animal Welfare (Sentience) Act 2022 – Animal Welfare Act 2006 – Welfare of Farm Animals Regulations 2007 – Mutilations Permitted Procedures – Welfare of Animals During Transport Order 2006 (EU Council Regulation (EC) 1/2005) * Market – Welfare of Animals at Market * Slaughter – Welfare of Animals at Time of Killing 2013 (Public Health )
29
sources of poor farm animal welfare
Cruelty (Animal Abuse) * Neglect * Farming systems – Intensive – Production Diseases – Deprived Environments – Volume driven markets- – ie cheap food
30
what is the aim of welfare legislation
Prevention of deliberate, acts of cruelty – UNNECCESSARY SUFFERING * Measures to ensure reasonable quality of life of animals – DETERMINING WELFARE STANDARDS TO WHICH ANIMALS MUST BE KEPT
31
current challenges with farm animal welfare
Concern that new free trade deals will mean that UK will accept animal products from countries with lower welfare standards – Bad for consumer – Welfare often costs money, undermine our own farms competitiveness – Concern that create downward pressure to compete in global markets – Currently UK government says, no, this will not happen * Continued Intensification * New food species.. Aquaculture... * Global Trade (new diseases and animal movement) * Climate Change * Population Growth * Food Security Issues- balance animal welfare, availability of affordable food
32
What are the general requirements for welfare of farmed animals regulations 2007
– The welfare of animals under their care – That animals are not caused unnecessary pain unnecessary suffering – Staff - trained competent – Frequency of inspection – Bedding well maintained and dry, well drained lying area – Ill injured animals treated without delay, veterinary advice sought – Record keeping – MORTALITY / MEDICINES – Freedom of movement – Buildings equipment clean not cause injury – Feed and water – Breeding practices
33
most common reasoin farmers fall short of the farm animals regulations
not getting veterinary advice asap, so injured animals are treated with delay
34
where to find farmed animals regulations 2007
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2007/2078/contents/made separate additional ones for species that is being continuosly updated as EU/UK legislation changes 2012 changes to battery changes
35
what are the rules around calves castration
– Calves over 2 months require anaesthetic – Rubber rings first week of life only – Calves over 2 months must be castrated by vet – Calves under 2 months may be castrated by trained competent person using a bloodless castrator (Burdizzo)
36
what are the laws around dehorning/disbudding
 All ages local anaesthetic  Dehorning paste < 1 week  Suitable trained and competent person
37
what do the welfare codes contain
Welfare Regulations * Tagging Regulations * Movements * All species * Disease Control Regulations
38
what is the BVA position on farm animal mutilations
all calves should receive pain relief and local anaersthetic
39
what are the laws around sheep castration
Castration using a rubber ring or other device to constrict the flow of blood to the scrotum on animals aged not more than seven days. When any other method is used, an anaesthetic must be administered where the animal is aged three months or over
40
what are the laws around sheep tail docking
Tail docking using a rubber ring or other device to constrict the flow of blood to the tail on animals aged not more than seven days. When any other method is used an anaesthetic must be administered. In all cases, enough of the tail must be retained to cover the vulva of a female animal or the anus of a male animal
41
what is bva opinion on transporting livestock to be slaughtered
animals should be slaughtered as close to their farms of origin as possible
42
what are some welfare issues in transport
* Handling/Loading * Injury:- other animals, vehicles * Fighting/ Mixing/social disruption * Food and water withdrawal * Acceleration, motion, vibration * Fatigue * Noise * Confinement * Thermal challenges
43
what are some economic losses involved with transport
Spread of disease * Decreased carcass/meat quality – Stress – Weight loss – Injury * Mortality
44
welfare issues in poultry transport
Depopulation of houses – time pressure – Leg pain in broilers/turkeys – Fractures in laying hens * Thermal stress * Journey times * Access to feed and water
45
welfare issues in pig transport
Fear at loading/unloading Goad use, mixing stock Poor Facility design e.g. Ramp angles, dark vehicles and lairages Heat stress and dehydration * Motion sickness * Overcrowding * Injuries from – Trampling – Suffocation
46
welfare issues in cattle transport
Loading and unloading – goad use, stick marks and bruising, bad ramps * Transport of young animals- – DAIRY MALES – VEAL CALVES/BEEF CALVES * Mixing young bulls * Lactating cows require milking * Adequate Feed and Water * Stocking Rates allow lie down and rest
47
welfare issues in sheep transport
Fear during loading and unloading – dogs and people * Frequency of transport * Heat stress * Space allowances – greater for unshorn and pregnant animals * Feed provision during rest stop
48
what is the relevant legislation for transporting animals
Welfare Transport Order 2006 * Regulation compulsory across EU * All member states supposed to comply * Level playing field * Very little scope for interpretation * All vertebrate animals transported
49
what are the general provisions of the welfare of animals transport order 2006
All animals, except pets accompanying owner on private journey or travelling to a veterinary premises * General Provisions * The journey is properly planned and time is kept to a minimum and the animals are checked and their needs met during the journey * The animals are fit to travel * The vehicle and loading and unloading facilities are suitable * Those handling animals are trained or competent in the task and do not use violence or any methods likely to cause unnecessary fear, injury or suffering * Water, feed and rest are given to the animals as needed, and sufficient floor space and height is allowed * Certificate of competence of driver * Vehicle design * Specific requirements for each species and also according to length of journey
50
what is the advice on fitness to travel for animals
No animal shall be transported unless it is fit for the intended journey, and all animals shall be transported in conditions guaranteed not to cause them injury or unnecessary suffering owners decision only advise cannot transport : ill/injured (unless minor injury, can bear weight on all legs, can walk unaided onto the transporter or if going to emergency veterinary treatment)
51
things to consider when deciding if animal is fit to travel
* Disease/injury * Age (young animals) * Pregnancy * Lactation
52
what are the different roles of horse
-pleasure -competetion / gambling -pets - working animals - wild horse populations
53
what are the different uk legislations about horses
- animal welfare act 2006 - riding establishments act 2018 (need license to have a riding school) - welfare of animals transport -control of horses act 2015 (fly grazing and abandoned horses) - the equine identification regulations 2018
54
roles of welfare organisations
care and rehabilitation of welfare cases education research prosectuion
55
name some equine welfare organisations
bransby home of rest for horses the donkey sanctuary redwings horse sanctuary the horse trust the blue cross
56
what are current issues in equine welfare
- delayed euthanasia - lack of recognition of pain behaviour - obesity - issues in older horse health - large worm burdens - lack of biosecurity - transporting live animals - injuries/fatalities racing/competing - indiscriminate breeding - overworking at young ages
57
what are causes of poor equine welfare
- knowlesge of horse/donleys needs - access to suitbale facilites - social norms ("responsible ownerships") = economic -cruelty and intentional neglect - large scale industries and practices
58
envrionment for horses
need for companionship (herd animals) safe (no risk of injury) hygenic turnout (outside) adequate space minimum time alone
59
suitable diet for horses
high fibre forage diet access to grazing if not causes obesity, emaciation, dental, behavioural, colic problems
60
natural behaviours for horses
grooming one another rolling gallopng round field need companionship
61
company for horses
donkeys form close pairs, so if one passes away is important to make sure they have another partner need herd for horses
62
what is a wild animal
species that typically lives in the wild without human intervention not domesticated species includes both free- living and captive animals
63
what is uk leglistation about wild animals free living and captive
animal welfare act (some invertebrate) free living: wild mammals protection act 1996 - wildlife and countryside act 1981 captive: - animal welfare act 2006 - pet animals act 1951 - animal welfare (licensing of activities involving animals) - welfare of wild animals travelling circuses - zoo licensing act 1981 - welfare animals transport order
64
wild animal welfare issues
- naturally occuring (disease, predation, droughts, fires floods...) - anthropogenic ( factors that result directly/indirectly from human actions, habitat loss, hunting....)
65
welfare issues affecting free-living wild animals
world animal protection indentify 3 categories: 1) human encorachment into habitats 2) trapping, hunting and fishing 3) trade in live wild animals or their parts
66
anthropogenic issues to wild animals in the uk
Loss of habitat * Pollution/Litter – Injury/death to many animals * Disease – avian flu, squirrel pox, TB * Traffic accidents * “pest control” – Ethical issues * hunting, snaring and trapping * Competition, predation by escape of non native species (American mink)
67
welfare problems from habitat loss
Displacement from feed, shelter, social groups * Disturbance of natural behaviour, movement patterns and migration routes * Fragmentation of populations and separation of social groups. * Disturbance of breeding and nesting sites, which can lead to increased offspring mortality * Increased predator vulnerability * Increase in inter-species aggression and competition. Competition with livestock for food and water * Animals may suffer from fear due to the close presence of human beings * In addition, severe pain, injuries and death caused result from Colliding with man-made objects, e.g. vehicles, buildings, fences etcCompetition with livestock for food and water * Animals may suffer from fear due to the close presence of human beings * In addition, severe pain, injuries and death caused result from Colliding with man-made objects, e.g. vehicles, buildings, fences etc.
68
different ways humans encroach on wild life
- habitat loss due to buildings - pollution due to rubbish, chemicals, light/heat pollution - human contact can cause disease. domestic predators (cats) and disturbance - eco tourism (can cause fear and disturbance)
69
potential solutions to encroachment
- think about impact of human development and land use, local, national and international levels - stop further disturbance into undeveloped areas * Create habitats in human developments e.g. urban wildlife, gardens, green spaces * Creation of wild life corridors * Creation of national parks, protected areas * Rewilding and habitat restoration
70
what is involved with trapping, hunting and fishing
- wildife used for food and other products -wildlife conflict with local communities (competition for food, risk to livestock and crops, population control) - recreation and sport - inadvertant (caught wrong species in nets, or trapped under boats)
71
effects of trapping, hunting and fishing
Inhumane methods lead to pain & fear before death – Attempts to escape lead to injuries, disease & painful death – Fear & frustration due to separation from their group – Fear due to presence of predator (hunter, dogs etc.)
72
solutions to trapping, hunting and fishing
Protection of wild animal & environment * Use of appropriate traps fishing nets * Anti-poaching/trapping units * Non-wildlife related projects that benefit local people * Provision of alternative & ‘safe’ protein source
73
what is the demand for trade in live wild animals
– Pet market, e.g. parrots – Celebrity culture/social media – “Tiger King” – Zoological collections, e.g. cetaceans – Hunts, e.g. lions, cheetah, leopard etc.
74
problems around trade of wild animals
- capture and transport ( inhumane traps, death of offspring, overcrowded, inadequate conditions, fear, starvation and disease) - shops (lack of knowledge, spread of disease and parasites, overcrowded stressful situations) - owners (lack of knowledge/resources to provide for needs, animal cannot express natural behaviour, neglect once novelty has worn off)
75
solutions to trade in wild animals
* Promote education & awareness * Promote community-based, sustainable management of wildlife * Increase legislation & enforcement * Promote alternative livelihoods * Target end-market!!!
76
what is CITES
convention on International Trade in Endangered SPecies of wild fauna and flora International agreement to control the international trade of endangered species of animals and plants * Originally 25 member countries in 1973, there are now 169 countries party to the Convention
77
what does CITES do
* Species are categorised according to the level of threat imposed on them by international trade * A species CITES status affects the ability to trade in that species – CITES Appendix I affords the greatest protection * Strength of CITES depends on the introduction and enforcement of laws by the member Parties (countries)
78
welfare legislation around captive wild/exotic animals
Animal Welfare Act 2006 * Pet Animals Act 1951 * The Animal Welfare (Licensing of Activities Involving Animals) Regulations 2018 * The Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976 * CITES * Circuses, Zoos, – Performing Animals Act 1925 – Zoo Licensing Act 1981 (Amendment) (England and Wales) Regulations 2002. D * Animal Welfare ( Sentience) Act 2022
79
welfare issues of captive wild/exotic animals
Welfare directly controlled by those that keep them – Zoos – Rescue & rehabilitation – Wild/Exotic pets – Farming e.g. ostriches, alligators – Working e.g. elephants
80
welfare issue of exotic pets relating to provision of food and water
Correct diet * Method of presentation * Feeding frequency * Nutritional balance * Hygiene * INADEQUATE NUTRITION VERY COMMON PROBLEM IN EXOTIC PETS
81
welfare issues of exotic pets relating to their environment
* Appropriate environmental conditions for comfort and well- being can be very difficult to get right for wild animals: * Appropriate light levels, temperature, hygiene, shelter, non injurious, ventilation * Very specific require specialist knowledge by owners * Away / or with from people other animals
82
welfare issues of exotic pets relating to provision of health animal health care
Knowledge of common diseases * Routine observations & records of: – Condition, health & behaviour * Enclosure size & design must avoid injury * Enclosure must protect animals from: * Predators * Build-up & spread of disease & parasites * Appropriate veterinary care must be available
83
welfare issues of exotic pets relating to expression of normal behaviour
Understand biology, habitat & husbandry needs in natural environment * Life in captivity must meet these needs! * Encourage species-specific normal behaviour & minimise abnormal behaviour
84
welfare issues of exotic pets relating to protection from fear and distress
Cared for by qualified & experienced staff * Handling avoids discomfort, distress or injury * Appropriate housing: – Promote feeling of safety & security –Housing social species together –Providing a place to escape –Preventing conflict (e.g. separating male animals)
85
assessing zoos for animal welfare concerns and justifactions
concerns: captive environment and compromised welfare of captive individuals benefits : conservation through research, education, conservation and re-introduction, protection justification : highest standard of housing and care, promotion of education, research and conservation
86
wild life rehabilitation ethical considerations
- if rescued injuries can be treated and recovery is likely - rescuers hace sufficient resources, expertise and facilities - animal can be returned to the wild so it is acceptable - if animal cannot be treated then should be humanely euthanased
87
wildlife culling ethical considerations
for lethal intervention to be sanctioned need to have: - evidence showing species was cause of economic loss, damage, disease... - cost-benefit analysis of inttervention including likely effects on population + environmental impact - cost- benefit analysis of appropiate changes to the affected business - consideration of species' value to society - culling acceptable welfare standards
88

animal husbandry and welfare (7 decks)

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