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Wenlin 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

替

A

[tì] in place of; (代_ dàitì) replace, substitute. One 夫 (fū) man 曰 (yuē) speaking on behalf of, in place of, another 夫 man. (Originally it was two 立 people standing on top, and sometimes the bottom was 自 zì rather than 曰 yuē.)

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2
Q

禁

A

[jìn] (止 jìnzhǐ) prohibit [jīn] endure; 不 can’t resist. From 林 lín phonetic over 示 (shì) ‘indicate’.

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3
Q

姑

A

[gū] _娘 gūniang girl. From 女 (nǚ) ‘woman’ and 古 gǔ phonetic.

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4
Q

虑(F慮)

A

[lǜ] (考_ kǎolǜ) consider; 忧_ yōulǜ worry about. From 虍 hǔ (‘tiger’) phonetic and 心 (xīn) ‘heart’. The full form 慮 contains 思 (sī) ‘thought’ rather than just 心. If 虍 hǔ is phonetic in 虑 lǜ, then “there must have been an Archaic initial guttural + l” says Karlgren. (In other words, the very old pronunciation of 虍 hǔ might have been something like *klu or *hlu.) Compare 虚 xū ‘void’, in which 虍 hǔ is definitely phonetic.

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5
Q

延

A

[yán] (_长 yáncháng) prolong. From 丿 (a stroke falling to the left), 止 (zhǐ) ‘foot’ (with the last two strokes combined into one:

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6
Q

遭

A

[zāo] meet with disaster. From 曹 cáo phonetic and 辶(辵 chuò) ‘go’. Compare 糟 zāo ‘rotten’.

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7
Q

购(F購)

A

[gòu] (_买 gòumǎi) purchase. From 贝(貝 bèi) ‘money’ and (full form:) 冓 gòu or (simple form:) 勾 gòu phonetic.

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8
Q

欲

A

[yù] desire, wish; _望 yùwàng desire, lust. From 谷 gǔ (‘valley’) phonetic and 欠 (qiàn) ‘breath’.

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9
Q

骨

A

[gǔ] (_头 gǔtou) bone [gū] _碌 gūlu roll. From 冎 (guǎ) ‘bone’ and 月(肉 ròu) ‘flesh’. 骨 is the 188th of the 214 radicals.

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10
Q

暴

A

[bào] violent, sudden; _露 expose [pù] (=曝). The top is 日 (rì) ‘sun’. The bottom depicted grain. The original meaning was ‘to dry in the sun’ (see 曝 pù).

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11
Q

穷(F窮)

A

[qióng] poor; 无_ wúqióng infinite. The full form 窮 is composed of 穴 (xué) ‘hole’ and 躬 gōng phonetic. In the simple form 穷 the bottom is reduced to 力 (lì).

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12
Q

纯(F純)

A

[chún] (洁 chúnjié) pure; (单 dānchún) simple. From 纟(糸 sī) ‘silk’ and 屯 tún phonetic. “Pure silk, pure, genuine; good, fine, honest…” –Karlgren.

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13
Q

监(F監)

A

[jiān] _狱 prison; _督 supervise [jiàn]. Originally from 卧 (wò) ‘bend down’ over 血 (xuè) ‘blood’. “The seal has: to 卧 bend over a 血 sacrificial bowl with blood: examine the omen” –Karlgren. The dot on top of 血 got moved up under 卜. In the simple form 监, 臣 got abbreviated to two strokes. 监 is a phonetic component in 槛 jiàn ‘cage’, and 监 is simplified to  in 鉴(鑒) jiàn ‘examine; mirror’. Also see 蓝篮兰 lán, 览 lǎn, 盐 yán, and 临 lín.

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14
Q

震

A

[zhèn] shake, shock; 地_ earthquake; ☳ The Arousing. From 雨 (yǔ) ‘rain’ over 辰 chén phonetic. 震 zhèn is etymologically the same word as 振 zhèn.

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15
Q

亡

A

[wáng] flee; lose; die. Originally 兦, from 入 (rù) ‘enter’ and

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16
Q

横(F橫)

A

[héng] horizontal [hèng] perverse. From 木 (mù) ‘tree’ and 黄(黃) huáng phonetic.

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17
Q

刀

A

[dāo] knife. Picture of a knife. The left side is the blade, the right side is the handle (some scholars say the top is the handle). As a component, 刀 is often written 刂 on the right side of characters, as in 到制利别 etc. Eighteenth of the 214 radicals.

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18
Q

尤

A

[yóu] fault; outstanding; _其 yóuqí especially. “Fault, evil; transgress; still more, furthermore; extraordinary; (find fault:) grudge — a deformed 大 man? Cf. 尢 wāng” –Karlgren. By far the most common usage of the character 尤 yóu is in the word 尤其 yóuqí ‘especially’. 尤 is a component in 优(優) yōu ‘excellent’. Don’t confuse 尤 with 龙(龍) lóng ‘dragon’.

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19
Q

敌(F敵)

A

[dí] (_人 dírén) enemy; _军 enemy troops. The full form 敵 is 啇 dī phonetic plus 攵(攴 pū) ‘beat’. In the simple form 敌, 啇 is replaced by 舌 (shé) ‘tongue’: stick 舌 tongue out at enemies, then 攵 beat them?

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20
Q

谋(F謀)

A

[móu] scheme; 阴_ conspiracy. From 讠(言 yán) ‘words’ and 某 mǒu phonetic.

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21
Q

测(F測)

A

[cè] (量 cèliáng) survey, measure; 观 guāncè observe. From 氵(水 shuǐ) ‘water’ and 则(則) zé phonetic.

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22
Q

炮

A

[pào] cannon; _弹 shell [bāo] quick-fry [páo] _制 concoct. From 火 (huǒ) ‘fire’ and 包 bāo.

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23
Q

累

A

[lèi] tired; work hard [lěi] 积_ accumulate [léi] (F纍). From 田 (tián) ‘field’ and 糸 (sī) ‘thread’. Originally 纍, from 畾 léi phonetic over 糸 ‘thread’. Long ago the simple form 累, with a single 田, came into use for the pronunciation lèi, 纍 being preserved for the pronunciation léi. Among modern simple form characters only 累 is used for all pronunciations. 畾 léi also occurred in 雷 léi ‘thunder’, where it has also been simplified to 田. See 儡 (傀儡 kuǐlěi ‘puppet’) and 垒(壘) lěi ‘pile up’. The primitive meaning of 累(纍) was ‘bind’, hence 糸 ‘thread’, and the extended meanings: tie up, gather, accumulate, build up, get deeply involved, work hard, tired.

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24
Q

荷

A

[hé] lotus; _花 lotus flower [hè] carry; load. From 艹(草 cǎo) ‘grass’ and 何 hé phonetic.

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25
予
[yǔ] (_以 yǔyǐ, 给_ jǐyǔ) give, grant [yú] (书) I. "Picture of two hands meeting" --Karlgren. Compare 幻 huàn which was the same shape upside-down. Not to be confused with 矛 máo.
26
逃
[táo] (_跑 táopǎo) escape, flee. From 兆 zhào phonetic and 辶(辵 chuò) 'go'.
27
吴(F吳)
[Wú] (surname). "Bawl, brag; noun proper of an ancient state -- the seal has a variant of 大 man, and 口 mouth" --Karlgren. 吴 Wú is a common family name in China. There are also surnames 巫 Wū, 鄔 Wū and 伍 Wǔ. To clarify the name, in speech 吴 Wú is sometimes called "口天的吴 kǒu-tiān de Wú".
28
悄
[qiāo] __ qiāoqiāo quietly [qiǎo] _声 qiǎoshēng quietly. From 忄(心 xīn) 'heart' and 肖 xiāo phonetic.
29
扩(F擴)
[kuò] _大 kuòdà enlarge, expand. From 扌(手 shǒu) 'hand' and 广(廣 guǎng) 'wide'. Not to be confused with 括 kuò as in 包括 bāokuò 'include'.
30
桌
[zhuō] table; 一张_子 one table. The bottom 木 (mù) 'wood' suggests the meaning 'table'. The top,  over 日, comes from 卓 zhuó 'high', which is a cognate word. The bottom of 卓 is replaced by 木. "High, elevated; (an 'elevated' stand:) table" --Karlgren(1923).
31
损(F損)
[sǔn] decrease; damage; ; _失 sǔnshī lose, loss. From 扌(手 shǒu) 'hand' and 员(員) yuán 'member' (the function of 员 in 损 is uncertain, not likely phonetic; 员 originally meant 'round' and 'money' like modern 圆 and 元).
32
隐(F隱)
[yǐn] hidden; _约 yǐnyuē faint, indistinct. From 阝(阜 fù) 'hill'. In the simple form 隐 the right side is 急 jí 'urgent'. In the full form 隱 the right side is 爫 over 工 over 彐 over 心 (xīn) 'heart'. An obsolete character made of 爫 two hands and 工 (gōng) 'work', pronounced yǐn, was phonetic. The basic meaning is to retire, go into seclusion. Whether one does so because the 心 heart is content, or in mourning, seems to be a matter of interpretation. The 阝(阜) hills presumably would be the place where one goes to hide away. The simple form may be reinterpreted: to hide out of an 急 urgent need. In 稳(穩) wěn 'steady', which has undergone the same simplification, the right hand component was simply phonetic (see also 瘾 yǐn 'addiction').
33
鲁(F魯)
[lǔ] (surname); (_莽 lǔmǎng) rude; dull. From 鱼(魚 yú) 'fish' over 曰 (yuē) 'speak'. "Unable, stupid; vulgar, simple -- 魚 fish (unable to) 曰 speak..." --Karlgren.
34
赞(F贊)
[zàn] _成 approve of; 称_ praise. From 先 (xiān) 'first' (doubled) and 贝(貝 bèi) 'money'. "先 doubled: two persons coming forward with 貝 money" --Karlgren(1923). A variant form 讚 with 言 added is sometimes used for the meanings 'praise' and 'eulogy'.
35
谷
[gǔ] (山_) valley; (F穀) (_物) grain; _子 millet [yù]. "Picture of a valley and its mouth" --Karlgren. Among simple form characters, 谷 gǔ is also borrowed to replace 穀 gǔ 'grain,' which happens to have the same pronunciation. 谷 is the 150th of the 214 Kangxi radicals.
36
健
[jiàn] _康 jiànkāng health. From 亻(人 rén) 'person' and 建 jiàn 'establish'. Cognate with 建. "(Established:) solid, firm, strong; robust; constant" --Karlgren.
37
沿
[yán] along; _海 yánhǎi coastal; _儿 yánr water's edge. From 氵(水 shuǐ) 'water' and  yǎn ('marsh') phonetic. "Go with the stream; flow along; along; continue" --Karlgren. Formerly also pronounced yàn, but yán is now standard in all contexts.
38
典
[diǎn] _型 diǎnxíng typical; 古_ classical; 词_ dictionary. Two hands holding a 册 (cè) document made of bamboo strips tied together.
39
邦
[bāng] 城_ chéngbāng city-state; 乌托_ wūtuōbāng utopia. From 丰 fēng phonetic (bottom slightly curved) and 阝(邑 yì) 'city'. See 帮 bāng and 梆 bāng in which 邦 is phonetic.
40
豆
[dòu] bean; _腐 dòufu tofu; 大_ soybean; 豌_ pea. Picture of a sacrificial vessel, or dish for food. Borrowed for dòu meaning 'bean'. In 登 dēng, however, 豆 represents a pedestal. 豆 is the 151st of the 214 radicals.
41
铜(F銅)
[tóng] copper (Cu); 青_ qīngtóng bronze. From 钅(金 jīn) 'metal' and 同 tóng 'together'. "同 and 銅 are etymologically the same word (not considering the script): tóng 'put together', and the special kind of 'putting together' in an alloyage is marked by an additional specifying signific 金: 銅" --Karlgren.
42
卷
[juǎn] roll; 春_ spring roll (F捲) [juàn] volume, book, exam paper [quán] (=鬈). Two  hands rolling 米 (mǐ) rice into dumplings; 㔾=卩 (jié) 'seal' added to the bottom to mean 'document'. Cognate with 拳 quán 'fist' (the hand rolled up). Pronounced juǎn, the variant form 捲 is sometimes used among 繁体字.
43
聚
[jù] gather, get together; 核_变 nuclear fusion. The top is 取 qǔ phonetic. The bottom 乑 is a variant of 众(眾 zhòng) 'crowd', depicting three 人 (rén) people. The middle person is 亻, the person on the left is two 丿 strokes, and the one on the right is 丿 attached to .
44
吹
[chuī] blow. From 口 (kǒu) 'mouth' and 欠 (qiàn) 'breath'. "To 欠 pant, blow with 口 the mouth" --Karlgren.
45
叹(F嘆)
[tàn] sigh. From 口 (kǒu) 'mouth' and  (jiān) 'distress'.  is abbreviated to 又 in the simple form 叹. A variant form is 歎, with 欠 (qiàn) 'yawn' instead of 口. Note: according to Karlgren(1940), 叹(嘆) tàn 'sigh' and 难(難) nán 'difficult' are cognates, and  is the old form of 艰(艱) jiān 'difficult'. Wieger, following 說文, treats  as short for 暵 hàn.
46
唐
[táng] (surname); Tang Dynasty; (_突 tángtū) rude. From 庚 (gēng) 'pound rice' and 口 (kǒu) 'mouth'. "The 口 words that accompany the 庚 pounding of rice; idle gossip, noisy wrangle" --Wieger. "From 口 and 庚, interpretation uncertain" --Karlgren. Phonetic in 塘 táng 'dyke'; 糖 táng 'sugar'; 搪 táng 'ward off'.
47
幕
[mù] curtain; act (of play); 屏_ píngmù screen. From 莫 mò phonetic and 巾 (jīn) 'cloth'.
48
隔
[gé] separate, stand between; _壁 next door. From 阝(阜 fù) 'hill' and 鬲 gé phonetic.
49
吉
[jí] lucky, auspicious. The top is 士 shì 'scholar' (not 土 tǔ 'earth'). The bottom is 口 kǒu 'mouth'. "口 speech of a 士 sage, bringing luck; good, auspicious, happy" --Wieger. "An 士 affair ...which may be 口 spoken of, not taboo" --Karlgren(1923). (In keeping with 说文, Karlgren interprets 士 shì as cognate with 事 shì 'affair'.) The top had various shapes in the oldest forms, of uncertain interpretation.
50
努
[nǔ] _力 nǔlì try hard. From 奴 nú ('slave') phonetic and 力 (lì) 'strength'.
51
诚(F誠)
[chéng] (_实) honest. From 讠(言 yán) 'words' and 成 chéng phonetic.
52
恩
[ēn] kindness; 周_来 Zhōu Ēnlái. From 因 yīn phonetic and 心 (xīn) 'heart'.
53
淡
[dàn] thin, light; _蓝 ( = 浅蓝) light blue. From 氵(水 shuǐ) 'water' and 炎 yán.
54
坦
[tǎn] 平_ level; _然 calm; _克 tank. From 土 'ground' and 旦 dān dawn.
55
悲
[bēi] _哀 grieved; _观 pessimistic; _剧 tragedy. From 非 fēi ('not') phonetic and 心 (xīn) 'heart'.
56
针(F針)
[zhēn] needle; 方_ policy; _刺 zhēncì acupuncture. From 钅(金 jīn) 'metal' and 十. Here 十 is not shí 'ten', but a depiction of a threaded needle. Variant forms are 鍼 (with 咸 xián 'bite') and 箴 (with 竹 zhú 'bamboo').
57
镜(F鏡)
[jìng] (_子) mirror; lens; 眼_ yǎnjìng glasses. From 钅(金 jīn) 'metal' and 竟 jìng phonetic.
58
凡
[fán] ordinary; (_是 fánshì) every; 非_ extraordinary. The analysis is uncertain, but 凡 may be an abstract symbol, with the 丶 dot (originally 一) representing unity, and 几 surrounding it suggesting the idea of "containing everything". Another theory is that 凡 depicted a sail, which is now written 帆 fān (Lindqvist cites Joseph Needham as a source for this theory).
59
旗
[qí] flag. From  (yǎn) 'flag' and 其 qí phonetic.  originally depicted a flag waving from a flag-pole. The resemblance of the left side to 方 fāng seems to be coincidental.
60
赏(F賞)
[shǎng] reward; admire; 欣_ xīnshǎng enjoy, appreciate. From 尚 shàng phonetic over 贝(貝 bèi) 'money'. No relation to 员(員) yuán.
61
返
[fǎn] (_回 fǎnhuí) return, go back. From 反 fǎn and 辶(辵 chuò) 'go'.
62
餐
[cān] meal. The bottom is 食 (shí) 'food'. The top, 歺又, is an obsolete character employed in 餐 as a phonetic. The upper left part, 歺, composed of 卜 over 夕, is just a variant of 歹 dǎi 'broken bone'. The upper right is 又 yòu 'hand'. A 又 hand holding a 歹 broken bone seems appropriate for carnivorous meals. Now 歺 is often used as an unauthorized simplified form of 餐, one sees it especially on street signs in the word 歺厅(餐厅) cāntīng 'dining hall'.
63
宜
[yí] (适_ shìyí) suitable [yi] 便_ piányi cheap. Originally 宀 (mián) 'roof' over 多 (duō) 'much' over 一; the combination of 多 and 一 became reduced to 且. "To order aright; proper, right, fit; ought -- 多 much between 宀 roof and 一 floor, a well-furnished house" --Karlgren. According to Karlgren, 宜 yí and 谊(誼) yì (as in 友谊 yǒuyì friendship) are cognate, and they are also cognate to 义议 yì and 仪 yí.
64
寒
[hán] (_冷) cold. "The seal has a 宀 roof, 艹(艸) doubled, in the middle 人 a man and below 冫 ice --- the whole now badly deformed: a 人 man laying up 艸 fuel in 宀 the house against 冫 the cold" --Karlgren. It is also possible that the 艹 grass was used to fill cracks in the walls, to conserve heat. Compare 赛 sài and 塞 sāi, which (by coincidence) are the same on top as 寒 hán.
65
雅
[yǎ] 文_ wényǎ cultured, refined; _致 yǎzhi elegant [yā]. From 牙 yá phonetic and 隹 (zhuī) 'little bird'.
66
尖
[jiān] point, tip; _锐 sharp. From 小 (xiǎo) 'small' and 大 (dà) 'big'. A 大 big thing that gets 小 small on top: tip, point. The hook on 小 is usually omitted: the middle stroke is 丨 not 亅. Compare 尘 chén 'dust'.
67
甲
[jiǎ] helmet; 1st 天干; 指_ zhījia fingernail; _虫 beetle. Picture of a helmet or shell. "Protecting cover of a seed or bud; scale, armour, cuirass; finger-nails; the 1st of the decimal cycle of time-reckoning charaters; (hence:) first; division" --Karlgren.
68
梦(F夢)
[mèng] dream. The bottom is 夕 (xī) 'night'. The simple form 梦 has 林 lín 'forest' on top. Though one can 梦 dream about 林 forests, 梦 was perhaps an arbitrary abbreviation of the full form 夢, the top of which is from 苜 miè 'squint, bad sight', with 罒(目 mù) 'eye', and 冖 (mì) 'cover', indicating that the eyes are covered. Etymologically related to 蒙 méng 'cover', and 瞢 méng 'covered eyes, blindness'. Compare 岁(歲) suì.
69
软(F軟)
[ruǎn] soft; _件 ruǎnjiàn software. Originally 耎, from 而 (ér) over 大 (dà): 大 large 而 beard; pliant, soft. Wieger gives the translation "muffled wheels, soft" (page 788), which might explain why 车(車 chē) 'car' was added, making 輭. The right side 耎 has been abbreviated to 欠 (qiàn) in both the full form 軟 and the simple form 软.
70
孔
[kǒng] hole; _子 Kǒngzǐ Confucius; 面_ miànkǒng face. Picture of a 子 (zǐ) child nursing at a 乚 breast. Compare 乳 rǔ 'breast'. (This explanation follows 王宏源.)
71
阴(F陰)
[yīn] opposite of 阳 yáng; _沉, _天 cloudy; _暗 gloomy. Originally 侌, from 今 (jīn) 'now' over 云 (yún) 'cloud': "今 presence of 云 clouds" --Karlgren. 阝(阜 fù) 'hill' was added to describe the dark, shady side of a hill, and in the simple form, 月 (yuè) 'moon' replaces 侌. A literary name for the Moon is 太阴 Tàiyīn, which goes with 太阳 Tàiyáng, the Sun.
72
愈
[yù] heal, get better; _…_… (like 越 yuè). From 俞 yú phonetic over 心 (xīn) 'heart'. Don't confuse 愈 with 愉 yú (as in 愉快 yúkuài 'happy'), which is composed of the same elements.
73
尺
[chǐ] ruler; one-third of a meter; 英_ foot [chě] 工_. Said originally to have stood for the span of a person's hand, a unit of measurement which eventually grew to about a foot or 33 and 1/3 centimeters. The character is formed of 尸 a person reclining, or a dead person's body, and  a stroke said to represent the distance from the thumb to the little finger.
74
闹(F鬧)
[nào] (热_) noisy; _钟 alarm clock. The full form 鬧 is 鬥 (dòu) 'fight' plus 市 (shì) 'market'. "鬥 fight in 市 the market" --Karlgren. The abbreviation to 閙, with 門 (mén) 'door' instead of 鬥, has existed since the Song dynasty. The simple form is 闹. As noisy as having a 市 market place just outside your 门 door.
75
梁
[liáng] bridge; roof beam; 桥_ bridge; 脊_骨 backbone. From 氵(水 shuǐ) 'water' and 刀 (dāo) 'knife' (surrounded by 八), over 木 (mù) 'tree'. "刀 knife (cutting 八 chips off:) carving a 木 log to put across 水 the water." --Karlgren. 梁 liáng is a phonetic component, abbreviated, in 粱 liáng (高粱 gāoliang 'sorghum').
76
巧
[qiǎo] clever; coincidentally; _妙 qiǎomiào ingenious. From 工 (gōng) 'work' and 丂 qiǎo phonetic.
77
奶
[nǎi] breasts; milk. From 女 (nǚ) 'woman' and 乃 nǎi phonetic.
78
妹
[mèi] (__ mèimei) little sister; 姐_ jiěmèi sisters. From 女 (nǚ) 'woman' and 未 wèi phonetic.
79
促
[cù] urge; urgent; _进 cùjìn promote; _使 cùshǐ impel, urge. From 亻(人 rén) 'person' and 足 zú ('foot') phonetic.
80
译(F譯)
[yì] (翻_ fānyì) translate. From 讠(言 yán) 'words' and
81
迅
[xùn] _速 xùnsù rapid, swift. From 卂 xùn 'fly quickly' and 辶(辵 chuò) 'go'. 卂 is a picture of a flying bird, like 飞(飛 fēi). 迅 is cognate with 卂. Compare 讯 xùn and 汛 xùn, where 卂 is phonetic.
82
壮(F壯)
[zhuàng] robust, magnificent; _丽 majestic; _族. From 丬(爿) qiáng and 士 (shì) 'officer'. Compare 状(狀) zhuàng 'condition' and 莊(庄) zhuāng 'village'.
83
授
[shòu] award, give; teach; 教_ jiàoshòu professor. 授 shòu 'give' is etymologically the same word as 受 shòu 'receive', the character being enlarged by 扌(手 shǒu) 'hand' (受 already has two hands in it: 爫 and 又). Giving and receiving are the same event construed two different ways.
84
烦(F煩)
[fán] be vexed; 麻_ trouble, bother; 不耐_ impatient. From 火 (huǒ) 'fire' and 页(頁 yè) 'head'. You would be vexed too, if your 页 head was on 火 fire.
85
偷
[tōu] steal; 小_ xiǎotōu thief. From 亻(人 rén) 'person' and 俞 yú phonetic.
86
勇
[yǒng] _敢 yǒnggǎn brave; _气 courage; _士 brave warrior. From 甬 yǒng and 力 'strong'.
87
惯(F慣)
[guàn] be used to; 习_ xíguàn be used to; habit; custom. From 忄(心 xīn) 'heart' and 贯(貫) guàn. The top of 贯 depicts a coin with a string through a hole in its middle, to convey the meaning 'penetrate' (贯穿 guànchuān). "Know thoroughly, familiar with, used to, practised in" --Karlgren.
88
稿
[gǎo] stalk of grain; draft, sketch; manuscript. From 禾 (hé) 'grain' and 高 gāo.
89
缓(F緩)
[huǎn] (_慢 huǎnmàn) slow. From 纟(糸 sī) 'silk' and 爰 yuán ('drag') phonetic. "Slack; easy-going, remiss, slow, late; neglect, delay, postpone" --Karlgren.
90
刑
[xíng] punishment. From 开 and 刂(刀 dāo) 'knife'. The left side 开 is from 井, from 耕 gēng 'plough', abbreviated phonetic. Judging from the modern form and sound, it would seem just as reasonable to regard 井 jǐng as the distorted phonetic. But 井 had a dental initial (ts-), while 耕 and 刑 both had guttural initials (k-, g-). 井 'village, well' was signific in 耕 'plough', not phonetic. No relation to 开(開) kāi 'open'. The situation with 形 xíng 'shape' is the same.
91
纺(F紡)
[fǎng] spin yarn; _织 spin and weave; _车 spinning wheel. From 纟(糸 sī) 'silk' and 方 fāng phonetic.
92
贸(F貿)
[mào] _易 màoyì trade. From (卯) mǎo phonetic and 贝(貝 bèi) 'money'. Compare 留 liú 'stay'.
93
触(F觸)
[chù] touch; 接_ jiēchù get in touch; _角 antenna. 角 (jiǎo) 'horn, antenna' suggests the meaning 'touch'. The full form 觸 contains 蜀 shǔ ('silkworm') phonetic. The simple form 触 has 虫 (chóng) 'worm' in place of 蜀. Compre 独(獨) dú 'alone'.
94
伸
[shēn] stretch. From 亻(人 rén) 'person' and 申 shēn 'explain'. Etymologically same word as 申, which is "two hands stretching something 丨 long" --Karlgren.
95
丈
[zhàng] (length:) 3 1/3 meters; _夫 zhàngfu husband. Originally 十 (shí) 'ten' over 又 (yòu) 'hand', now contracted. 十 ten 又 hand-lengths. Compare 支 zhī 'branch'.
96
仁
[rén] benevolence, humanity. From 亻(人) rén 'person' and 二 (èr) 'two'. Etymologically the same word as 人 rén. The number 二 two means the conduct of one person towards another.
97
幅
[fú] width of cloth; size; (量): 一_画 a picture. From 巾 (jīn) 'cloth' and 畐 fú phonetic.
98
缩(F縮)
[suō] shrink. From 纟(糸 sī) 'silk' and 宿 sù phonetic.
99
袖
[xiù] (_子) sleeve; 领_ leader; _珍 pocket-sized. From 衤(衣 yī) 'clothing' and 由 yóu.
100
俗
[sú] common, rustic, vulgar; custom; _话 proverb, saying. From 亻(人 rén) 'person' and 谷 gǔ 'valley'. "Was 谷 phonetic in spite of the initial, or is the meaning: a 人 man from 谷 the mountains, a rustic?" --Karlgren.

Wenlin (2 decks)

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