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Wenlin 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

码(F碼)

A

[mǎ] (量) 两_事; _头 wharf, dock; 号_ number. From 石 (shí) ‘rock’ and 马(馬) mǎ phonetic.

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2
Q

补(F補)

A

[bǔ] mend. From 衤(衣 yī) ‘clothing’ and (full form:) 甫 fǔ or (simple form:) 卜 bǔ phonetic.

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3
Q

佛

A

[Fó] Buddha; _教 Fójiào Buddhism [fú] 仿_ fǎngfú seem. From 亻(人 rén) ‘person’ and 弗 fú phonetic.

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4
Q

探

A

[tàn] (_索 tànsuǒ) explore. From 扌(手 shǒu) ‘hand’ and 罙(深 shēn) ‘deep’. To reach in 罙 deep with one’s 手 hand: probe, explore. (罙 is the old form of 深 shēn ‘deep’, without 氵(水 shuǐ) ‘water’). To reach in 罙 deep with one’s 手 hand: probe, explore. (罙 is the old form of 深 shēn ‘deep’, without 氵(水 shuǐ) ‘water’).

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5
Q

岸

A

[àn] shore. From 山 (shān) ‘mountain’, 厂 ‘cliff’ and 干 gān phonetic. An old form was 屵. An old form was 屵.

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6
Q

麻

A

[má] hemp; (芝_ zhīma) sesame; _烦 máfan bother [mā]. Two bundles of hemp (written like 林 lín ‘forest’), hanging in a 广 (guǎng) shack.

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7
Q

鼓

A

[gǔ] drum [gū]. From 壴 (zhù) ‘drum’ and 支 (zhī) a hand with a drumstick. Compare 喜 xǐ ‘happiness’.

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8
Q

伊

A

[yī] (surname); he or she; _斯兰 Yīsīlán Islam. From 亻(人 rén) ‘person’ and 尹 (yǐn) ‘govern’. “The 尹 ruling 人 man…” –Karlgren.

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9
Q

哈

A

[hā] (sound of laughter, etc) [hǎ] [hà] [ha]. From 口 (kǒu) ‘mouth’ and 合 hé phonetic.

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10
Q

奏

A

[zòu] play music; 演_ yǎnzòu perform music; 节_ jiézòu rhythm. To present, show, display, report; memorialize the throne; play an instrument –Karlgren. The shape is of obscure origin. In the modern character, the bottom is like 天 tiān ‘heaven’. The top was once 屮 or maybe 出 (chū) ‘go out’. The middle was  two hands (‘to present’), and the bottom may have been 夲 (tāo) ‘advance’.

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11
Q

岛(F島)

A

[dǎo] island. From 山 (shān) ‘mountain’ and 鸟(鳥) niǎo (‘bird’) phonetic. 山 takes the place of the last stroke of 鸟, or the last four strokes of 鳥.

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12
Q

泽(F澤)

A

[zé] 沼_ marsh, swamp; 色_ color and lustre; 毛_东. From 氵(水 shuǐ) ‘water’ and (睪) yì phonetic. 泽 zé ‘marsh’ is associated with the trigram 兑 duì.

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13
Q

默

A

[mò] silent; __ mòmò silently; 沉_ reticent; 幽_ humor. From 黑 hēi ‘black’ and 犬 (quǎn) ‘dog’. According to Karlgren, 默 mò ‘dark; silent; secret’ and 墨 mò ‘black; ink’ are both cognate with 黑 hēi ‘black’ (“formed with a deriv. suffix m-“).

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14
Q

汇

A

[huì] (F彙) gather together; _报 to report; 词_ vocabulary; (F匯) converge; remit. The full form 匯 is composed of 匚, which represents a hollowed-out log, and 淮 huái phonetic. A variant is 滙, in which 氵(水 shuǐ) ‘water’ has gotten outside of the 匚 log. In the simple form 汇, 隹 is omitted. “Waters converging to one spot; whirling waters” –Mathews. “Recipient; confluent; heap; bank draft” –Karlgren(1923). Another form is 彙, which originally depicted a hedgehog and meant ‘hedgehog’. That word disappeared and the character was borrowed for an abstract homophone meaning “collection, series; category, class, kind” (–Karlgren). 彙 and 匯 are both pronounced huì in Mandarin, and both have the meaning “gather together”. The simple form 汇 replaces both. In modern unsimplified Chinese, 彙 and 匯 are interchangeable in some words, such as huìjí; but some words are generally written with 彙, such as cíhuì, and others with 匯, such as huìliú and wàihuì. Sometimes 汇 is interchangeable with 会 (會 huì ‘meet’), as in huìhé, huìjí, huìjù, and ²huìyǎn.

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15
Q

亦

A

[yì] also; 反之_然 and vice-versa. Picture of a 大 person, with 八 strokes indicating the sides: besides. 亦 yì is a bookish word which rarely occurs in modern Mandarin. 亦 is a phonetic component in 迹 jī ‘trace, remains’, and in two rare characters 弈 yì and 奕 yì. The component  which occurs in 挛 luán, 变 biàn, 恋 liàn, 蛮 mán, 弯 wān, etc., has a completely different origin (it is simplified from 䜌).

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16
Q

伙

A

[huǒ] (量) group of people; 家_ fellow; _伴 partner. From 亻(人 rén) ‘person’ and 火 huǒ phonetic. Sometimes 夥 is used in place of 伙 among full form characters.

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17
Q

虫(F蟲)

A

[chóng] worm, insect; 爬_ páchóng reptile. Picture of a worm or snake. The full form 蟲 is 虫 tripled. (虫 by itself used to be pronounced huǐ, but that rare word is now written 虺 huǐ, and 虫 is used as an abbreviation for 蟲 chóng). 虫 is the 142nd of the 214 radicals.

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18
Q

尚

A

[shàng] esteem; 高_ noble, lofty [shang] 和_ héshang monk. “Etymologically cognate to if not even identical with 上; picture of the top, the ridge of a house” –Karlgren. Like 向 (xiàng) with 丷 two strokes added to emphasize the TOP. Phonetic in 常堂当党掌尝…

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19
Q

荣(F榮)

A

[róng] (光_, _誉) glory, honor. The top is 荧(熒) yíng phonetic, abbreviated to .. in the full form, and .. in the simple form. The bottom is 木 (mù) ‘tree’. Compare 劳(勞) láo ‘labor’, 营(營) yíng ‘camp’.

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20
Q

圆(F圓)

A

[yuán] round; circle; (sometimes used for 元 dollar). From 囗 (wéi) ‘surround’ and 员(員) yuán. Etymologically the same word as 员 (〇 round 贝 money), which now means ‘member’. Compare 元 ‘dollar’, 原 ‘original’, 源 ‘source’, 园 ‘park’, all pronounced yuán.

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21
Q

范

A

[fàn] (surname); (F範) _围 scope, range; 模_ model, fine example. From 艹(草 cǎo) ‘grass’ over 氾 fàn phonetic. 范 is an old character, used among full form characters only as a surname. 范 is also used as the simple form of 範 fàn, which is composed of 竹 (zhú) ‘bamboo’ over 車 (chē) ‘car’ and 㔾 (a phonetic component). Compare 犯 fàn ‘criminal’.

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22
Q

童

A

[tóng] 儿_ értóng children. Originally from 辛 (xīn) ‘suffering’ and 重 chóng phonetic. “A menial, servant; boy or girl under 15 years of age; young, virgin, undefiled – the seal has not 立 but 辛 a (criminal or of a criminal’s family:) slave; 重 …phonetic slightly abbreviated” –Karlgren. Compare 妾 qiè ‘concubine’.

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23
Q

呀

A

[ya] (sentence final like 啊) [yā] ah, oh. From 口 (kǒu) ‘mouth’ and 牙 yá phonetic.

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24
Q

冰

A

[bīng] ice; _箱 bīngxiāng refrigerator; _凉 bīngliáng ice-cold. Originally 冫: “Picture of two crystals, lumps of ice” –Karlgren. Then 水 (shuǐ) ‘water’ was added. The component 冫 is now known as “two dot water” (两点水 liǎngdiǎnshuǐ), by analogy with the form which 水 ‘water’ often takes as a component: 氵 “three dot water” (三点水 sāndiǎnshuǐ).

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25
姓
[xìng] family name, surname; \_名 full name (first & last). From 女 (nǚ) 'woman' and 生 shēng 'life'. Karlgren thinks 姓 xìng, 性 xìng and 生 shēng are cognates.
26
牙
[yá] (\_齿 yáchǐ) tooth. From 口 (kǒu) 'mouth' and 牙 yá phonetic.
27
折
[zhé] fold; break; change direction [shé] break [zhē] turn over. From 扌(手 shǒu) 'hand' and 斤 (jīn) 'axe'. "Break off, break up; fold, bend; to curb, repress, maltreat, reprimand; punishment, suffering, affliction; divide; discern, judge, decide; diminish, deduct, reduce, rebate; to barter" --Karlgren. 折 is an old character, not the result of simplification. Another character 摺 zhé is completely unrelated in origin. 折 and 摺 are different words; they were pronounced differently (折 ending in -t, and 摺 ending in -p), and still are in Cantonese. But in Mandarin they are both now pronounced zhé, and by coincidence both have the meaning 'fold' (折 also has various other meanings). So 摺 tends to be replaced by 折, and 折 is regarded as a "simplified" form of 摺, but historically this isn't accurate. See 摺 zhé.
28
鸡(F雞)
[jī] chicken; 宫保\_丁 Kung Pao Chicken. The full form 雞 is composed of 奚 xī phonetic and 隹 (zhuī) 'bird'. In the simple form 鸡, the left side is abbreviated to 又 (yòu), and the right side is 鸟(鳥 niǎo) 'bird'. A variant form is 鷄.
29
莫
[mò] nothing; not; \_大 mòdà greatest; \_名其妙 baffling. From 艹(草 cǎo) 'grass', 日(rì) 'sun' and 大 (dà). The 日 sun fading away at the horizon, in the 艹大 plants (the bottom was originally also 艹(草 cǎo) 'grass', not 大 'big'). This meaning is preserved in the word 暮色 mùsè 'twilight' (莫 mò and 暮 mù are related). The similarity of 没 mò 'disappear' and 莫 mò 'not exist', must be coincidental -- the old sounds were different: 没 \*muet and 莫 \*mak.
30
麦(F麥)
[mài] wheat, etc; \_片 màipiàn oatmeal. The top depicts a plant; it is like 來(来) lái 'come' (with the middle vertical stroke shortened) in the full form 麥. In the simple form 麦 the top is 龶 (four strokes). The bottom is 夂 (zhǐ) 'walk slowly' (picture of a foot pointing downwards). "The 夂 slow 來 cereal" --Karlgren. The simple form 麦 was included in a 6th century dictionary (玉篇).
31
野
[yě] wild. From 里 (lǐ) 'village' and 予 yǔ phonetic. 里 contains 土 (tǔ) 'land' and 田 (tián) 'field'. 野 yě means wild land that has not been cultivated.
32
懂
[dǒng] understand. From 忄(心 xīn) 'heart' and 董 dǒng phonetic.
33
词(F詞)
[cí] word; \_典 dictionary; 动\_ verb; \_汇 vocabulary. From 讠(言 yán) 'words' and 司 sī phonetic.
34
孙(F孫)
[sūn] grandchild; 子\_ descendants; \_悟空; \_中山. From 子 (zǐ) 'child' and 系 (xì) 'connect' (in the full form 孫) or 小 (xiǎo) 'small' (in the simple form 孙). "系 connection, succession of 子 children" --Karlgren.
35
毒
[dú] (\_物) poison; (\_品) drug; 病\_ virus. From 龶(生 shēng) 'life' (picture of a plant) and 母(毋 wú) 'do not'. "毋 forbidden 生 herbs" --Karlgren.
36
床
[chuáng] bed; \_单 chuángdān sheet; 河\_ river bed. From 广 (guǎng) 'roof' and 木 (mù) 'wood'. Beds are made of 木 wood and are located under 广 roofs. A variant form 牀 is composed of 爿 (qiáng) and 木 instead of 广 and 木.
37
康
[kāng] 健\_ jiànkāng health; \_熙字典 Kāngxī Zìdiǎn. Originally 庚 gēng 'threshing tool' over 米 (mǐ) 'rice'. The meaning was 'chaff'. Now 'chaff' is written 糠 kāng, with another 米 added. The character 康 has been borrowed for kāng 'health'. Unrelated to 隶 lì (奴隶 núlì 'slave') and 逮 dài (逮捕 dàibǔ 'arrest').
38
烧(F燒)
[shāo] roast, cook; burn (cf 炒 chǎo stir-fry). From 火 (huǒ) 'fire' and 尧(堯) yáo phonetic.
39
筑(F築)
[zhù] build, construct; 建\_学 architecture [Zhú]. From 竹 zhú phonetic and 巩 (gǒng) 'consolidate'. The full form 築 has 木 (mù) 'wood' at the bottom.
40
藏
[cáng] store; conceal, hide [zàng] (西\_ Xīzàng) Tibet. From 艹(草 cǎo) 'grass' and 臧 zāng phonetic.
41
茶
[chá] tea; \_叶 cháyè tea leaves; 红\_ hóngchá black tea. The bottom is 余 yú phonetic, minus one horizontal stroke (see the rare related character 荼 tú 'bitter plant'). The English word 'tea' is from the Chinese word chá, or, to be exact, from 茶 as it is pronounced in Fujian province.
42
释(F釋)
[shì] 解\_ jiěshì explain; \_放 shìfàng release. From 釆 (biàn) 'distinguish' and ..(睪) yì phonetic. 釆 is an old form of 辨 biàn 'distinguish'.
43
宽(F寬)
[kuān] wide, broad; extend; relax. The top is 宀 (mián) 'roof'; ideally a roof should be wide. The lower part was a picture of a goat, an obsolete character meaning 'goat' and pronounced similarly to kuān, used as a phonetic. It differed from 莧 by having an extra dot. But in the simple form, the extra dot is omitted and 宽 consists of 宀 and 苋, or 宀, 艹 and 见.
44
醒
[xǐng] become sober, wake up; 提\_ remind. From 酉 (yǒu) 'wine' and 星 xīng ('star') phonetic.
45
君
[jūn] (\_主) monarch, sovereign; (\_子) gentleman; 暴\_ tyrant. From 尹 (yǐn) 'government official' over 口 (kǒu) 'mouth' (command).
46
硬
[yìng] hard; \_件 yìngjiàn hardware. From 石 (shí) 'stone' and 更 gèng ('more') phonetic.
47
销(F銷)
[xiāo] melt (metal); remove; sell; 脱\_ sold out. From 钅(金 jīn) 'metal' and 肖 xiāo phonetic. Distinguish from 锁(鎖) suǒ 'lock'.
48
狗
[gǒu] dog; 猎\_ liègǒu hound; 疯\_ fēnggǒu mad dog. From 犭(犬 quǎn) 'dog' and 句 jù phonetic.
49
索
[suǒ] rope; 思\_ think deeply; \_性 simply, just [suō]. 索 is composed of 十 over 冖 over 糸 (sī) 'silk thread'. The top was originally 巿 (fèi) 'luxuriant vegetation'. "糸 strings made of 巿 lianas; to be distinguished from 素" --Karlgren.
50
齐(F齊)
[qí] 整\_ zhěngqí neat; 一\_ yìqí together [zhāi] (=斋) [zī] (=粢). "A whole, regular and perfect harmony. The idea comes from the even height of ears in a cornfield; 禾麦吐穗, 上平也。象形。There is, in this character, an intention of representing the perspective. The lower stroke 一, says the Glose (说文), represents the foreground; the upper stroke 一 represents the background. The ears are ascending when going towards the background. Three ears represent a multitude." --Wieger. A variant form is 斉. 齊/齐 is the 210th of the 214 radicals.
51
奖(F獎)
[jiǎng] prize, award; \_金 bonus; \_学金 scholarship. From (将將) jiāng phonetic over 犬 (quǎn) 'dog' or 大 (dà) 'big'. The original meaning had something to do with dogs and discipline (嗾犬厲之); the original "prize" might have been a bone. The dot in 犬 is missing from the variant form 奬 and the simple form 奖.
52
附
[fù] enclose, attach; \_近 fùjìn vicinity, nearby. From 阝(阜 fù) 'hill' and 付 fù phonetic.
53
洗
[xǐ] wash; \_澡 xǐzǎo bath, shower [Xiǎn] (surname). From 氵(水 shuǐ) 'water' and 先 xiān phonetic.
54
摆(F擺)
[bǎi] put, arrange; sway, wave; 摇\_舞 rock 'n' roll. From 扌(手 shǒu) 'hand' and 罢(罷) bà phonetic.
55
圣(F聖)
[shèng] holy; \_人 sage, saint; \_诞节 Christmas. The full form 聖 is composed of 耳 (ěr) 'ear' and 呈 chéng phonetic. "Those who 耳 listened to and understood the 呈 advices given, and therefore became wise; wise, perfect; 通也。从耳, 从呈。按耳順之谓聖" --Wieger. The simple form 圣 is identical to an obsolete ancient character, which was phonetic in 怪 guài. The use of 圣 as an abbreviation for 聖 was mentioned by Karlgren(1923).
56
墙(F牆)
[qiáng] (\_壁 qiángbì) wall. The right side is 啬(嗇 sè) 'to store; miserly', depicting 回 double walls for 來 grain. The left side is 爿 qiáng phonetic in the full form 牆, or 土 (tǔ) 'earth' in the variant form 墻 and the simple form 墙. Compare 蔷嫱樯 qiáng.
57
含
[hán] keep in mouth; contain. From 今 jīn ('now') phonetic and 口 (kǒu) 'mouth'. "Hold in the mouth; contain; cherish; restrain, tolerate, suffer" --Karlgren.
58
寻(F尋)
[xún] (\_找 xúnzhǎo) seek [xín] \_思 xínsi. The full form is 尋: 彐 over 工 and 口 over 寸. ", 寸 two hands working with 工, 口 instruments for unraveling thread: unravel, investigate" --Karlgren. 工 and 口 are omitted in the simple form 寻.
59
召
[zhào] \_开 zhàokāi convene. From 刀 dāo 'knife' and 口 (kǒu) 'mouth'. "Summon to court, to call, give notice...to 口 sentence and 刀 amputate, 刀 dāo in the same time phonetic" --Karlgren. Cognate with 招 zhāo (as in 招待 zhāodài 'entertain guests'). Phonetic in 照 zhào, 绍 shào, 超 chāo, 沼 zhǎo.
60
庆(F慶)
[qìng] \_祝 celebrate; \_贺 congratulate; \_幸 rejoice. The full form 慶 is composed of 鹿 (lù) 'deer' (abbreviated), 心 xīn 'heart', and 夂 (zhǐ) 'walk slowly'. "To 夂 come and present a 鹿 deer to express one's 心 good wishes" --Karlgren. The simple form 庆 is 广 over 大.
61
择(F擇)
[zé] (选\_ xuǎnzé) choose [zhái] choose. From 扌(手 shǒu) 'hand' and ..(睪) yì phonetic.
62
博
[bó] \_士 Ph.D.; \_爱 universal love; \_物馆 museum. From 十 (shí) 'ten' and 尃 fū phonetic.
63
纷(F紛)
[fēn] __ one after another; 纠\_ jiūfēn dispute; \_乱. From 纟(糸 sī) 'thread' and 分 fēn phonetic.
64
耳
[ěr] (\_朵 ěrduo) ear; \_机 earphone, headphones. Picture of an ear.
65
镇(F鎮)
[zhèn] town; press down; calm; cool. From 钅(金 jīn) 'metal' and 真 zhēn phonetic. "Weigh down, press upon; repress, to subject, regulate, govern; great trading town, mart, market" --Karlgren. Since the original meaning was to weigh down, and weights are made of metal, 镇 contains 金 as a signific component.
66
丝(F絲)
[sī] silk; thread. Two 糸(纟) twisted strands of silk.
67
献(F獻)
[xiàn] donate; 贡\_ gòngxiàn contribution. The full form 獻 has on the left, not 南 (nán 'south') but 鬳 juàn 'sacrificial vessel', from 虍(虎 hǔ) 'tiger' over 鬲 (lì) 'cauldron'. The right side is 犬 (quǎn) 'dog'. "Offer up in sacrifice or to a superior; exhibit; venerable, wise man -- to offer in a 鬳 sacrificial vessel; whether 犬 ...is phonetic or signifies the meat offered seems uncertain" --Karlgren. It is also possible that 鬳 juàn was phonetic.
68
盖(F蓋)
[gài] cover, shell; \_子 lid. The bottom is 皿 (mǐn) 'container'. The top represents a lid; in the full form 蓋 it is 艹 plus 去 (qù 'go'); in the simple form 盖 it is .. (compare 羊 yáng 'sheep').
69
序
[xù] 秩\_ zhìxu order; 程\_ procedure; 次\_ order. From 广 (guǎng) 'house' and 予 yǔ phonetic. "East and West halls of the Chinese houses... connected with the principal buildings; hence the derived meaning, a series, order, preface..."--Wieger. Compare 续 as in 继续 jìxù 'continue'.
70
丁
[dīng] 4th 天干 heavenly stem [zhēng]. Picture of a nail. Now 钉(釘) dīng is used for 'nail', with the addition of 钅(金 jīn) 'metal'. (Three thousand years ago, on oracle bones, the character for 丁 dīng was just a circle: 〇, apparently the head of a nail seen from above.)
71
抱
[bào] hug, embrace. From 扌(手 shǒu) 'hand' and 包 bāo 'wrap'. Cognate with 包: to 包 wrap your 手 arms around, embrace.
72
迷
[mí] be lost; 我\_了路 I am lost; \_信 superstition. From 米 mǐ phonetic and 辶(辵 chuò) 'go'.
73
桥(F橋)
[qiáo] bridge. From 木 (mù) 'wood' and 乔(喬) qiáo 'tall and curved'. Etymologically the same word as 乔 (as in 乔木 qiáomù 'arbor').
74
混
[hùn] mix up; \_乱 hùnluàn chaos [hún]. From 氵(水 shuǐ) 'water' and 昆 kūn phonetic.
75
楚
[chu] 清\_ qīngchu clear [chǔ] 苦\_ kǔchǔ misery. From 林 (lín) 'forest' and 疋 shū phonetic. "Dense bushes, thorns; (dense:) rich, detailed; distinct, clear; (thorny:) sharp, painful" --Karlgren. 疋 shū is a picture of a foot, like 止 and 足. Note the 乛 hook, 疋 is not .. as in 是, 定, or 走. 楚 chǔ nearly always comes at the end of words rather than the beginning. Mostly it occurs in the word 清楚 qīngchu 'clear'.
76
盛
[chéng] fill; contain [shèng] flourishing; 茂\_ luxuriant. From 成 chéng ('complete') phonetic and 皿 (mǐn) 'bowl'.
77
喝
[hē] drink [hè] shout. From 口 (kǒu) 'mouth' and 曷 hé phonetic. Compare 揭 jiē 'uncover'.
78
潮
[cháo] tide; (\_湿 cháoshī) moist; 高\_ gāocháo climax. From 氵(水 shuǐ) 'water' and 朝 cháo zhāo 'morning'. 潮 originally meant 'morning tide', so 朝 and 潮 are cognate words. Compare 汐 xī 'night tide': 潮汐 cháoxī 'morning and evening tides'.
79
圈
[quān] circle [juàn] pen, sty [juān] shut up in a pen. From 囗 (wéi) 'circle, enclosure' and 卷 juǎn ('roll') phonetic.
80
抽
[chōu] take out; shrink; whip; \_烟 smoke tobacco. From 扌(手 shǒu) 'hand' and 由 yóu ('from') phonetic. 由 also suggests the meaning.
81
督
[dū] 监\_ jiāndū supervise. From 叔 shū ('uncle') phonetic over 目 (mù) 'eye'.
82
冬
[dōng] (\_天, \_季) winter; \_眠 hibernation; 春夏秋\_. The bottom is 冫(冰 bīng) 'ice'. The top 夂 was a pair of legs with the heels (the ends) indicated, or a rope with knots at both ends. Originally 终 zhōng 'end' and dōng 'winter' (the end of the year) were both written the same way. 冬 'winter' was then clarified by adding 冫 'ice' (a variant had 日 (rì) 'sun' instead). The top 夂 came to be written like a foot pointing downward, stepping on the ice. 夂 is said to mean 'walk slowly'. In the 冬 winter, you must 夂 walk slowly to avoid slipping on the 冫 ice. Compare 夏 xià 'summer', in which you 夂 walk slowly because it's hot.
83
忍
[rěn] endure, tolerate; \_不住 can't bear; can't resist. From 刃 rèn ('blade') phonetic over 心 (xīn) 'heart'.
84
妻
[qī] (\_子 qīzi) wife. From  'hand' and 女 (nǚ) 'woman'. "The 女 woman who in her  hand holds a broom, cf. 妇" --Karlgren.
85
握
[wò] hold, grasp; 掌\_ comprehend. From 扌(手 shǒu) 'hand' and 屋 wū phonetic.
86
粮(F糧)
[liáng] (\_食 liángshi) grain, food. From 米 (mǐ) 'rice' and (full form:) 量 liáng or (simple form:) 良 liáng phonetic.
87
偏
[piān] slanting, leaning; stubbornly; unfortunately. From 亻(人 rén) 'person' and 扁 biǎn.
88
避
[bì] (\_免 bìmiǎn) avoid; 逃\_ táobì escape, evade. From 辟 bì and 辶(辵 chuò) 'go'.
89
晨
[chén] (早\_ zǎochen) morning. From 日 (rì) 'sun' and 辰 chén, which is the name of the two-hour period between 7 and 9 in the morning. 晨 chén is etymologically the same word as 辰 chén, written with 日 'sun' added for emphasis.
90
忽
[hū] disregard; (\_然 hūrán) suddenly; (\_而) now.... From 勿 wù phonetic and 心 (xīn) 'heart'. The top is 勿 wù, not 匆(悤) cōng.
91
挂(F掛)
[guà] hang, put up. From 扌(手 shǒu) 'hand' and 圭 guī or 卦 guà phonetic. Only the simple form 挂 appears in 说文解字. The complex form 掛 was listed in the dictionary 广韵 (1011 A.D.) as a "popular form" (俗字) of 挂. 掛 is now more common in Taiwan.
92
训(F訓)
[xùn] lesson. From 讠(言 yán) 'words' and 川 chuān 'river'. "Instruct, teach; admonish; (take lesson from:) imitate, follow, approve -- a 川 flow of 言 words; or is 川 phonetic in spite of the initial?" --Karlgren.
93
钢(F鋼)
[gāng] steel; \_笔 fountain pen; \_琴 piano [gàng] sharpen. From 钅(金 jīn) 'metal' and 冈(岡) gāng phonetic.
94
享
[xiǎng] (\_受 xiǎngshòu) enjoy. "Give a feast, a sacrifice, to offer; accept offerings, enjoy -- etymologically the same word as 飨; analysis of character uncertain... possibly a variation of 畐 riches?" --Karlgren.
95
固
[gù] 巩\_ gǒnggù consolidate; \_定 gùdìng fixed. From 囗 (wéi) 'surround' and 古 gǔ phonetic. "(Strong fence:) strong, solid; obstinate, rude; assuredly" --Kalrgren.
96
庄(F莊)
[zhuāng] village; \_稼 zhuāngjia crops; \_严 solemn. "A farm -- 广 house and 土 fields" --Karlgren. 庄 is an old character, not the result of simplification. There is an alternative character 莊, from 艹(草 cǎo) 'plant' over 壯 zhuàng phonetic. 莊 is the standard full form, and 庄 is the standard simple form. Try to distinguish 庄(莊) zhuāng from 压(壓) yā and 厌(厭) yàn.
97
稳(F穩)
[wěn] (\_定 wěndìng) stable, steady; \_当 wěndang reliable. The right side was originally from 㥯 yǐn phonetic, simplified to 急 (jí 'urgent'); compare 隐(隱). I can't explain the role of 禾 hé 'grain'.
98
奋(F奮)
[fèn] \_斗 fèndòu struggle; 兴\_ xīngfèn excited. From 大 (dà) 'big' over 田 (tián) 'field'. The full form 奮 has on top, not just 大, but 奞 (suí) 'spread the wings and fly', composed of 大 over 隹 (zhuī) 'bird'. "Rise suddenly (as a bird), rush out, burst forth; to rouse; impetuous, energetic, courageous -- spread the wings and fly over 田 the fields" --Karlgren. Compare 夺(奪) duó 'seize'.
99
遗(F遺)
[yí] \_传 yíchuán inherit; \_憾 yíhàn regret [wèi] give. From 贵(貴 guì) 'wealth' and 辶(辵 chuò) 'go'. Not to be confused with 遣 qiǎn.
100
煤
[méi] coal; \_油 kerosene. From 火 (huǒ) 'fire' and 某 mǒu phonetic.

Wenlin (2 decks)

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