WESTERN AND EASTERN

Question 1

reported that people are shaped by their culture and their culture is also shaped by them.

Answer 1

Fiske, Kitayama , Markus and Nisbett (1998)

Question 2

He defines Western concept of self as a “bounded, unique, more or less integrated motivational and cognitive universe; a dynamic center of awareness, emotion, judgment, and action organized into a distinctive whole and set contrastively both against other such wholes and against a social and natural background..”

Answer 2

Geertz

Question 3

• The western way of thinking is analytic-deductive with emphasis on the causal links (part-to-whole-relationships).
• The whole is understood when differentiated into parts.
• One must categorize and make distinctions to pursue cause

Answer 3

Western self as analytic

Question 4

• The tendency toward unitary explanations of phenomena and a closed-system view of “self” as modeled after a unitary, omnipotent power (“Man was created by God, in His image.”)
• Genesis 1:27: So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.

Answer 4

Western self as monotheistic

Question 5

• It is deeply aware of itself, its uniqueness, sense of direction, purpose and volition.
• It is located at the center within the individual through which the world is perceived.
• It is seen as an entity distinct from other selves and all other entities.

Answer 5

Western self as individualistic

Question 6

The western way of thinking is focused on material “things” and favors a rational-empirical approach over magical and superstitious explanations of immaterial “things”.

Answer 6

Western self as materialistic and rationalistic

Question 7

traces the earliest historical roots of the western concept of self to works on philosophy, almost half a million years ago.

Answer 7

Frank johnson (1985)

Question 8

has provided answers to philosophical questions about the concepts of soul and mind

Answer 8

psychology

Question 8

hinduism text

Answer 8

vedas

Question 9

is the self that is all within us; the true nature of human

Answer 9

Brahman

Question 10

(soul or spirit), the true knowledge of self is identical to brahman

Answer 10

atman

Question 11

is the result of failure to realize the distinction between the true self and non true self

Answer 11

human suffering

Question 12

(permanent and unchanging)

Answer 12

true self

Question 13

(impermanent and changes continually).

Answer 13

non-true self

Question 14

(most important doctrine). ” Individual actions will lead to either good or bad outcomes in one’s life. People get exactly what they deserve.

Answer 14

The law of karma

Question 15

founder of buddhism

Answer 15

Siddharta Gautama

Question 16

budh root word

Answer 16

awake

Question 17

(no-self or no-soul) or the sense of being a permanent, autonomous soul is an illusion. Man has no self (no-soul).

Answer 17

Anatta

Question 18

is a dynamic process, interdependent and ever changing.

Answer 18

self

Question 19

There is nothing permanent but

Answer 19

change

Question 20

is the cause of life’s misery, births and rebirths.

Answer 20

primal ignorance

Question 21

confucianism text

Answer 21

analects

Question 22

GOLDEN RULE OR THE PRINCIPLE OF RECIPROCITY (DO NOT DO TO OTHERS WHAT YOU WOULD NOT WANT OTHERS TO DO TO YOU).

Answer 22

confucianism

Question 23

(GOODWILL, SYMPATHY TOWARD OTHERS, POLITENESS AND GENEROSITY)

Answer 23

JEN

Question 24

(RIGHTNESS AND THE RESPECT OF DUTY)

Answer 24

YI

Question 25

(RIGHT TO PRACTICE PROPERIETY IN ALL THAT YOU DO)

Answer 25

LI

Question 26

(WISDOM WHICH CAN BE EXPRESSED BY PUTTING JEN, YI AND LI INTO PRACTICE)

Answer 26

CHIH

Question 27

IS COMMONLY REGARDED AS NATURE THAT IS THE FOUNDATION OF ALL THAT EXISTS. IT IS NOT BOUNDED BY TIME AND SPACE.

Answer 27

TAO

Question 28

• Value personal goals over group
• Emphasizes personal achievements and interests

Answer 28

Individualistic self

Question 29

Deep love and concern for family One’s family is the source of personal identity, the source of emotional and material support

Answer 29

Collective self

Question 30

mental processes that perceive one’s own traits or behavior (“I am honest”)

Answer 30

Private

Question 31

generalized view of self (“People think I am honest”)

Answer 31

Public

Question 32

view of self in collective concept (“My family expects me to be honest”)

Answer 32

Collective

Question 33

(blowing out), a state of transcendence devoid of self-reference (can be achieved through meditation).

Answer 33

Nirvana