LESSON 4

Question 1

they reported that people are shaped by their culture and their culture is also shaped by them.

Answer 1

Fiske, Kitayama , Markus and Nisbett (1998)

Question 2

he defines the western concept of self as a “bounded, unique, more or less integrated motivational and cognitive universe; a dynamic center of awareness, emotion, judgment, and action organized into a distinctive whole and set contrastively both against other such wholes and against a social and natural background.”

Answer 2

Geertz

Question 3

The western way of thinking is________ with emphasis on the ________ (part-to-whole-relationships)

Answer 3

analytic-deductive, casual links

Question 4

the tendency toward unitary explanations of phenomena and a closed-system view of “self” as modeled after a unitary, omnipotent power (“Man was created by God, in His image.”)

Answer 4

Western self as monotheistic

Question 5

are important ways of establishing who one is, as well as in finding satisfaction in the world.

Answer 5

self-expression and self-actualization

Question 6

• It is deeply aware of itself, its uniqueness, sense of direction, purpose and volition.
• It is located at the center within the individual through which the world is perceived.
• It is seen as an entity distinct from other selves and all other entities.

Answer 6

Western self as individualistic

Question 7

The western way of thinking is focused on material “things” and favors a rational-empirical approach over magical and superstitious explanations of immaterial “things”.

Answer 7

Western self as materialistic and rationalistic

Question 8

he traces the earliest historical roots of the western concept of self to works on philosophy,

Answer 8

Frank johnson (1985)

Question 9

By the middle and 19TH centuries, ________ has provided answers to philosophical questions about the concepts of ______ and ______.

Answer 9

Psychology, soul and mind

Question 10

The growth of ________, _______ and ________ in the late 19th century saw the emergence of various concepts of self, among them the western concept.

Answer 10

sociology, anthropology and psychology

Question 11

In the east, philosophy and religion are _________.

Answer 11

twisted together

Question 12

For this reason, the eastern thought is described as pluralistic is said by?

Answer 12

Grace (2013)

Question 13

For this reason, the eastern thought is described as pluralistic

Answer 13

Anatta

Question 14

is the cause of life’s misery, births and rebirths.

Answer 14

primal ignorance

Question 15

its text is VEDAS. and its GOAL is: “Change your perception of the world to perceive the Brahman in oneself and others.”

Answer 15

hinduism

Question 16

is the self that is all within us; the true nature of human

Answer 16

Brahman

Question 17

(soul or spirit), the true knowledge of self is identical to brahman

Answer 17

atman

Question 18

is the result of failuRe to realize the distinction between the true self and non-true self

Answer 18

Human suffering

Question 19

Permanent and unchanging

Answer 19

True Self

Question 20

impermanent and changes continually

Answer 20

non-true self

Question 21

(most important doctrine).

Answer 21

The law of karma

Question 22

Founder of buddhism

Answer 22

Siddharta Gautama

Question 23

It means awake

Answer 23

Budh

Question 24

• Every person has the seed of enlightenment.
• Opening of eyes would lead to understanding more about the self and the world.

Answer 24

Buddhism

Question 25

(no-self or no-soul) or the sense of being a permanent, autonomous soul is an illusion. Man has no self (no-soul).

Answer 25

Anatta

Question 26

4 noble truths (basic principles)

Answer 26

1. Life is suffering
2. Suffering is caused by attachment to desires
3. Suffering can be eliminated
4. Elimination of suffering is through the practice of the eightfold path

Question 27

is the cause of life’s misery, births and rebirths

Answer 27

primal ignorance

Question 28

• its texts is ANALECTS
• its core of thought is GOLDEN RULE OR THE PRINCIPLE OF RECIPROCITY

Answer 28

Confucianism

Question 29

“self is formed through upbringing and the environment.”

Answer 29

Confucianism

Question 30

is an achieved state of moral excellence rather than a given human condition.

Answer 30

Personality

Question 31

Self is deeply embedded within the ____ and ____.

Answer 31

family and society

Question 32

It rejects the confucianism idea of a relational self

Answer 32

Taoism

Question 33

self is an extension of the cosmos, not of social relationships.

Answer 33

taoism

Question 34

leads to a balanced life, in harmony with both nature and society

Answer 34

selfless person

Question 35

they believe that simplicity, spontaneity and harmony with nature should govern one’s self

Answer 35

taoism

Question 36

• Value personal goals over group
• Emphasizes personal achievements and interests

Answer 36

Individualistic self

Question 37

• Deep love and concern for family
• One’s family is the source of personal identity, the source of emotional and material support

Answer 37

Collective self

Question 38

mental processes that perceive one’s own traits or behavior (“I am honest”)

Answer 38

Private

Question 39

generalized view of self (“People think I am honest”)

Answer 39

Public

Question 40

view of self in collective concept (“My family expects me to be honest”)

Answer 40

Collective

Question 41

private self predominates

Answer 41

Individualistic culture

Question 42

collective self predominates

Answer 42

Collective culture

Question 43

goodwill, sympathy toward others, politeness and generosity

Answer 43

Jen

Question 44

rightness and the respect of duty

Answer 44

Yi

Question 45

Right to practice properiety in all that you do

Answer 45

Li

Question 46

wisdom which can be expressed by putting jen, yi, and li into practice

Answer 46

CHIH