Western Asia and Egypt, India and China, Africa, Asia

Question 1

state with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside

Answer 1

city-state

Question 2

massive stepped tower on which was built a temple dedicated to chief god or goddess of a Sumerian city

Answer 2

ziggurat

Question 3

government by divine authority

Answer 3

theocracy

Question 4

a large political unit or state under control of a single leader that controls many people or territories

Answer 4

empire

Question 5

many gods

Answer 5

polytheistic

Question 6

most common of the various titles for ancient Egyptian monarchs; originally meant great house or palace

Answer 6

pharaoh

Question 7

process of slowly drying a dead body to prevent it from decaying

Answer 7

mummification

Question 8

one of the 20 provinces into which Darius divided the Persian Empire

Answer 8

satrapy

Question 9

where was mesopotamia?

Answer 9

between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; fertile crescent

Question 10

what two empires took control of the Sumerian city states?

Answer 10

akkadian and babylonian

Question 11

how did the Nile control life in ancient Egypt?

Answer 11

it was the fastest way to travel the lands and the floods created a feeling of security

Question 12

first Indo Europeans to use iron

Answer 12

Hittites

Question 13

how was the jewish religion different from other religions in western Asia and Egypt?

Answer 13

it was monotheistic

Question 14

how did the Assyrians communicate throughout their empire?

Answer 14

a network of posts was established throughout the empire that used relays of horses to carry messages

Question 15

what principle was the basis for many of the laws in Hammurabi’s Code?

Answer 15

an eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth

Question 16

set of categories in ancient India that determined a person’s occupation and economic potential, as well as his or her position in society

Answer 16

caste system

Question 17

the job people have, who they marry, and what groups they could socialize with

Answer 17

caste

Question 18

belief that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death

Answer 18

reincarnation

Question 19

major Indian religious system, which had its origins in religious beliefs of the Aryans who settled India after 1500 BC

Answer 19

hinduism

Question 20

in Hinduism, the force generated by a person’s actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life

Answer 20

Karma

Question 21

in Hinduism, the divine law that rules Karma; it requires all people to do their duty based on their status in society

Answer 21

Dharma

Question 22

in Buddhism, ultimate reality, the end of the self and a reunion with the Great World Soul

Answer 22

nirvana

Question 23

a religious doctrine introduced in northern India in the sixth century BC by Siddhartha Guatama, known as Buddha or enlightened one

Answer 23

buddhism

Question 24

route between the Roman Empire and China, named by silk being China’s most valuable produce

Answer 24

silk road

Question 25

claim by Chinese kings of the Zhou dynasty that they had direct authority from heaven to rule and to keep order in the universe

Answer 25

mandate of heaven

Question 26

"way" the key to proper behavior under Confucianism

Answer 26

dao

Question 27

duty of family members to subordinate their needs and desires to those of the male head of the family; confucianism

Answer 27

filial piety

Question 28

system of political and ethical ideas formulated by the Chinese philosopher Confucius toward the end of the Zhou dynasty

Answer 28

Confucianism

Question 29

a system of ideas based on the teachings of Laozi

Answer 29

daoism

Question 30

how were Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro well planned?

Answer 30

both cities were divided into large walled neighborhoods, with narrow lanes separating the rows of houses

Question 31

describe the five castes in India

Answer 31

- Brahmins: priestly class who performed religious ceremonies - Kshatriyas: warriors - Vaisyas-commoners who were merchants and farmers - Sudras: peasants or servants

Question 32

what parts of Hinduism did Siddhartha accept, and what part did he reject?

Answer 32

he accepted reincarnation, but rejected the Hindu caste system and having multiple gods

Question 33

why is Asoka considered to be the greatest ruler in Indian history?

Answer 33

he was a kind ruler; he set up hospitals and ordered that trees and shelters be placed along the road to provide shade for travelers

Question 34

what are the similarities between the Zhou and Shang dynasties?

Answer 34

they both shared and interest in education, religion, and family structure

Question 35

what were some of the religious beliefs during the Shang dynasty?

Answer 35

they believed in supernatural forces (oracle bones) and believed in life after death

Question 36

holy scripture of the religion of Islam

Answer 36

Quran

Question 37

monotheistic religion that emerged in the Arabian Peninsula during the seventh century AD

Answer 37

Islam

Question 38

journey of Muhammad and his followers to Madinah in 622

Answer 38

hijrah

Question 39

law code drawn up by Muslim scholars after Muhammad's death

Answer 39

shari'ah

Question 40

pilgrimage to Makah, one of the requirements of the five pillars of Islam

Answer 40

hajj

Question 41

successor of Muhammad s spiritual and temporal leader of the Muslims

Answer 41

caliph

Question 42

"struggle in the way of God"

Answer 42

jihad

Question 43

Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of Muhammad's son-in-law as the true rulers of Islam

Answer 43

Shia

Question 44

Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of the Umayyads as the true rulers of Islam

Answer 44

Sunni

Question 45

Muslim house of worship

Answer 45

mosque

Question 46

who was the first caliph, or successor to Muhammad?

Answer 46

Abu Bakr

Question 47

what is the difference between Shia and Sunni Muslims?

Answer 47

Shia Muslims accept only the descendants of Ali as the true rulers of Islam; Sunni Muslims did not all agree with Umayyad rule but accepted the Umayyads as rulers or caliph

Question 48

what two groups were not considered equal in the Arab empire?

Answer 48

slaves and upper class

Question 49

what were Islamic achievements in philosophy, math, astronomy, medicine, history, and architecture?

Answer 49

commentaries, Arabic system, algebra, astrolabe, developed medicine as field of study, mosques, arabesques.

Question 50

how did Muslim scholars preserve the writings of Plato and Aristotle?

Answer 50

they translated the works

Question 51

practice of growing just enough crops for personal use, not for sale

Answer 51

subsistence farming

Question 52

mixed African-Arabic culture that developed along the east coast of Africa

Answer 52

Swahili

Question 53

who was the founder of the kingdom of Mali?

Answer 53

Sundiata Keita

Question 54

how did the Muslims affect the eastern coast of Africa?

Answer 54

they set up trading ports and spread Islam

Question 55

gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage, either by the bride's parents, to the husband or by a husband to his wife

Answer 55

dowry

Question 56

"those who serve", Japanese warriors similar to the nights of medieval Europe

Answer 56

samurai

Question 57

"the way of the warrior", the strict code by which Japanese samurai were supposed to live

Answer 57

bushido

Question 58

"the sacred way" or "the way of the Gods", the Japanese state religion

Answer 58

shinto

Question 59

a sect of Buddhism that became popular with Japanese aristocrats and became part of the samurai's code of behavior

Answer 59

Zen

Question 60

"the teachings of the elders", a school of Buddhism that developed in India

Answer 60

Theravada

Question 61

a school of Buddhism that developed in northwest India, stressing the view that nirvana can be achieved through devotion to the Buddha

Answer 61

Mahayana

Question 62

what were the achievements of the Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties in China?

Answer 62

- Sui Dynasty: Grand Canal - Tang Dynasty: created more stable economy, restored civil service examination, peace to northwestern China - Song Dynasty: economic prosperity, cultural achievement

Question 63

why did the Chinese people rebel against Sui Yangdi?

Answer 63

high taxes, extravagant and luxurious lifestyle, and military failures

Question 64

in what ways were the Tang rulers reformers?

Answer 64

they tried to create a stable economy and restored the civil service examination

Question 65

how were women treated in China during this time?

Answer 65

few Chinese women had power; female children were less desirable than any male children

Question 66

timeline of Mongols brief time of empire.

Answer 66

- 1206: Genghis Khan became leader of the Mongols - 1227: Genghis Khan dies; empire change - 1231: Mongols attacked Persia - 1258: Mongols defeated Abbasids at Baghdad - 1260: Mongols attacked Song Dynasty - 1279: Kublai Khan established new Chinese Dynasty - 1294: Kublai Khan's death - 1368: Zhu Yuanzhang put together an army, ended the Mongol Dynasty, and set up the Ming Dynasty

Question 67

what inventions did the Mongols learn about from the Chinese?

Answer 67

gunpowder and the fire-lance

Question 68

why did many Chinese people respect the Mongols?

Answer 68

they respected the stability and economic prosperity the Mongols brought

Question 69

instruments used by sailors to determine their location by observing the positions of stars

Answer 69

astrolabe

Question 70

tower of a mosque from which the muezzin calls the faithful to prayer five times a day

Answer 70

minaret

Question 71

how did the early Arabs make their living?

Answer 71

trade

Question 72

produced goods for foreign markets, trade empire, colonies, and alphabet

Answer 72

Phoenicians

Question 73

influenced Christianity and Islam, history and religious beliefs written in Hebrew bible

Answer 73

Israelites