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History > Western Expansion > Flashcards

Western Expansion Flashcards

1
Q

What was the name of the route made in the Western Expansion, in 1821?

A

The name of the route was Santa Fe Trail.

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2
Q

Was Texas part of Mexico in the 1830s?

A

Yes.

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3
Q

What did the American settlers do about Mexican anti-slavery government.

A

They had multiple conflicts with it, until they outnumbered the local Mexican people and created a constitution that adopted slavery and declared Texas’s Independence.

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4
Q

How many years was Texas an independent nation and who took it, at what time.

A

Texas was an independent nation for about 10 years, until the US annexed it in 1845.

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5
Q

Did the US have a war to keep Texas?

A

Yes.

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6
Q

What was the name of the treaty?

A

The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

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7
Q

What time did the US have its war?

A

1845.

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8
Q

When was the treaty signed?

A

1848.

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9
Q

What was the treaty’s contents?

A

To give up Texas and additional land for 15 million dollars(California, Utah, and Nevada, as well as parts of other neighboring states).

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10
Q

When was gold discovered and what did this discovery cause?

A

Gold was discovered in 1848, and it caused the gold rush in 1849, which caused 100,000 people to come as well the development of towns and increase of population .

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11
Q

What was Manifest Destiny and when was it coined?

A

It was the dream to expand from the Atlantic ocean to the Pacific ocean and it was coined in 1845.

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12
Q

Where was the Great Plains and what did the American settlers think about the land.

A

The Great Plains lies between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River, and the American settlers thought that the land was bad for farming, because of the dry, flat land and thick soil.

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13
Q

Where was Oregon?

A

It was between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains, in the Northwest part of America.

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14
Q

Who owned California and Southwest region of America back then and who were the type of people to live in it ?

A

Mexico used to own California and the Southwest region, as well people called peninsulares and mestizos used to live in these places.

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15
Q

What does the toga, telegraph, covered wagon and Woman in White mean?

A

The toga represents the western values of the US government and the telegraph represents technology, as well the covered wagon symbolizes American settlement and the Woman in White represents the US government.

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16
Q

What was their ideals back then and what was the effect of their expansion?

A

The ideals back then of the American settlers, were the belief that as the people expanded westward that they were civilizing and transforming the continent as they was moving, as well an effect of their expansion was that it caused the American Indians to retreat more and more, which symbolized the threat to their people and culture.

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17
Q

What were the reasons that convinced many American settlers to make the journey to Oregon.

A

The reasons of why the American settlers traveled to Oregon were, money, spreading Christianity, and Religious freedom.

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18
Q

What were some of the first people to make the journey west?

A

Some of the very first people to make the journey to Oregon, were fur traders who lived a rough and rugged lifestyle, who were called Mountain Men.

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19
Q

What were the names of two famous Mountain Men.

A

Jedediah Smith and Jim Beckwourth.

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20
Q

How did the Mountain Men help open up the Northwest and what were the effects of their hunting.

A

The Mountain Men helped by finding new routes and trails for others to follow, Mountain Men and other fur traders made a good living but, because of the high demand of fur for hats and coats, it forced the fur traders to over-hunt and cause a decrease in beaver population.

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21
Q

What was the name of one of the routes the Mountain Men found and where it was found?

A

One of the routes the Mountain Men found is called the South Pass, which was found in the Rocky Mountains.

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22
Q

Where does the Santa Fe Trail, start and end?

A

It starts in Independence, Missouri and ends in New Mexico Territory.

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23
Q

What did the US government do about the Santa Fe Trail, as well what did the actions of the US government allow traders to do?

A

The US government mapped the Santa Fe Trail for traders to use, which allowed other traders to travel Southwest, hoping to get rich.

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24
Q

What was the name of a famous trader who used the Santa Fe Trail to get rich, by trading with the people there?

A

William Becknell.

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25
Q

Where does the Oregon Trail begin and end?

A

It begins in Independence, Missouri and ends in the Oregon Territory of the Northwest.

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26
Q

What were the first type of people to go to Oregon?

A

White Christian missionaries.

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27
Q

What did the exaggerated tales of the first settlers(White Christian missionaries)cause and what were the exaggerated tales about?

A

It caused something called “Oregon fever”, which caused a flood of people, it is estimated that 30,000 to 40,000 people traveled between 1840 to 1860 to Oregon. As well, the exaggerated tales were about Oregon’s fertile land.

28
Q

Why did people move West?

A

Refer to Copy of Western Expansion: Why Move West Video Notes.

29
Q

Who are the Mormons and why did they move to the West, as well who is the their leader.

A

They were a religious group, who seeked religious freedom in the West and their leader was named John Smith who founded the religion in 1830.

30
Q

What did John Smith do in 1839 and what happened in 1844.

A

John Smith took himself and his followers to a settlement in Nauvoo, Illinois in 1839. And, in 1844 an angry mob killed John Smith and burned the settlement.

31
Q

What happened with the Mormons in 1846?

A

A person named, Brigham Young led 1,600 Mormons to the journey West, they settled in Salt Lake City(present-day Utah) and transformed it into a successful farming settlement through all the ice and cold.

32
Q

Was Mexico a colony of Spain and Texas a state in the colony in the early 1800s?

A

Yes.

33
Q

Who were Tejanos and what law was declared in 1821?

A

Tejanos were people of Spanish descent and in 1821, Spanish government allowed Americans to settle in Texas too.

34
Q

Who led the Americans to Texas and what was the agreement?

A

Stephen Austin led the Americans and the agreement was that in return for granted land for his family that he would develop the land and listen to Mexican law.

35
Q

What happened a few years after the Americans settled in and what did Stephen Austin convince the Mexicans to do?

A

Mexico gained its Independence from Spain and Stephen Austin managed to convince the Mexican government to allow more families to move and settle there.

36
Q

What conditions did the Mexican government place on American settlers and what law did it pass in 1829 and why did Americans hate these conditions?

A

The placed the conditions of having to practice the Catholic religion and having to follow Mexican laws, most people did not like this because they were Protestants and refusing to listen to the Mexican government, also in 1829 Mexicans passed a law banned slavery which enraged slave owners in Texas, which made the American settlers want Independence.

37
Q

What happens in 1830?

A

Mexican government bans more American settlers.

38
Q

Who becomes president in 1833 and what does he do later?

A

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna becomes president and later proclaims himself dictator and takes away the weapons of the people of Texas.

39
Q

What sparked the Texas revolution in 1835 and who became general?

A

When a group of Mexican soldiers came to follow the order of taking away weapons, they came to take a cannon but, the people who owned used it against the soldiers and a person named, Sam Houston became commander-in-chief of the Texas army.

40
Q

Did Texas declare their independence and create a constitution that allowed slavery?

A

Yes.

41
Q

What battle happened in February, 1836 and what was it about?

A

A group of Texan rebels had captured a fort called Alamo and thousands of Santa Anna’s attacked it in February, 1836 but, there were only 200 Texan soldiers defending it, the 13-day battle ended badly for the Texans.

42
Q

What battle happened in March, 1836 and what was it about?

A

Sam Houston led a surprise attack against the Mexican forces in the town of San Jacinto and the Americans shouted “Remember the Alamo!” and they caught Santa Anna and forced him to sign a treaty about Texas’s Independence, all of this happened in March, 1836.

43
Q

How many years was Texas an independent country and did Sam Houston serve twice as president?

A

Texas was an independent country for nine years and yes, Sam Houston did serve twice.

44
Q

What did Texas do in 1836, after gaining its Independence?

A

It petitioned to join the US as a slave state.

45
Q

Who was elected in 1844 and why?

A

Democrat James Polk because he believed in Manifest Destiny.

46
Q

What did James Polk do with Texas in 1845

A

He annexed Texas.

47
Q

What was an urgent reason that the British and Americans needed to set borders for Oregon Territory ?

A

Because of the mass flood of people at 1843.

48
Q

Where was Oregon’s border set at back then?

A

It was set by James Polk at the 49th parallel.

49
Q

Why did things become violent between the Americans and Mexicans?

A

It was because America annexed Texas and there was a dispute on the border of Texas.

50
Q

What did James Polk do to try to settle the dispute and what were his actions afterward and how did the Mexicans view this action?

A

James Polk sent John Slidell to talk to the Mexican president about buying the disputed land of Texas, New Mexico and California but, the Mexican president refused to show up. Then, James Polk knew he could only get the land with war but, instead stations 4,000 troops in the disputed region near Rio Grande. And, the Mexicans view this as an act of invasion.

51
Q

What happened in June, 1846 in the American-Mexican War?

A

A military officer John Fremont rallied up the settlers in California and rose in a rebellion against the Mexican government and captured a Mexican outpost and took Mexican general on guard, prisoner and made a flag of a bear and declared themselves an Independent Republic and this rebellion is known as the Bear Flag Revolt, in 1847 all of California was under US military control.

52
Q

What happened in August, 1846 in the American-Mexican War?

A

General Stephen Kearny led troops into Santa Fe, New Mexico, they had a easy victory after the Mexican governor fled without a fight.

53
Q

Which two famous US generals achieved the main victories the won the American-Mexican War?

A

Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott.

54
Q

What did Zachary Taylor do?

A

Zachary Taylor defeated Santa Anna’s army in the Battle of Buena in February, 1847.

55
Q

What did Winfield Scott do?

A

Winfield Scott won a victory against the Mexican forces in Mexico City in September, 1847.

56
Q

When did the American-Mexican War end and what was the treaty’s name and its contents?

A

The war ended in 1848 under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which stated that Mexico gave up all claims to Texas and recognized Rio Grande as the border of the US, it also gave other territory(present-day California, Nevada, and Utah, and parts of New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and Wyoming) to the US for $18 million dollars, this purchase is known as Mexican Cession.

57
Q

What purchase did the US make in 1853?

A

The purchase they made is called the Gadsden Purchase for South Arizona and New Mexico, James Polk then fulfilled Manifest Destiny.

58
Q

Where and when was gold discovered, and what nickname was given to the people who traveled to California, hoping to strike it rich from gold?

A

A carpenter found it at a sawmill called Sutter’s Mill and he found it in January, 1848. Also, the flood of people that came for the gold were nicknamed the forty-niners.

59
Q

What are the effects of the Gold Rush?

A

It helped businessmen make empty lands in bustling towns for money but, California was not a safe place because, it lack stable law enforcement, it was often governed by martial law so things like this were common: Rivalries among miners, as well as racial and ethnic tensions, often led to bursts of violence. Gambling, robbery, and alcohol.

60
Q

What are all the cultures in California?

A

Chinese, African American, European, Latin American, and Australian.

61
Q

Why was having multiple cultures in America bad?

A

It was bad because frustrated American prospectors began to put blame on Chinese people for making, gold harder and harder to find so, Chinese became victims of racial violence.

62
Q

How did African slaves earn their freedom in the Gold Rush?

A

By finding gold for their owners.

63
Q

Why was the Gold Rush bad for American Indians.

A

It was bad for American Indians because miners took their territory and destroyed their land, they also team up to kill them and most of the American Indians died from the diseases the settlers brought, the American Indians population decreased from 150,000 in 1848 to 1,600 in 1900.

64
Q

What happened to the non-native population after the Gold Rush died out?

A

It exploded from 700 in 1848 to 100,000 in 1849.

65
Q

Which inventions was Morse code used for?

A

Telegraphs.

66
Q

Which invention was created by Eli Whitney and caused a need for more slaves?

A

Cotton gin.

67
Q

Which invention was created by Cyrus McCormick and slave Jo Anderson and made farming more efficient?

A

Mechanical Reaper

History (6 decks)

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