western front

Question 1

when was ww1

Answer 1

1914-1918

Question 2

what time period was ww1 during

Answer 2

modern

Question 3

what was aseptic surgery

Answer 3

where microbes are removed from the operating theatre before instead of killed after

Question 4

what did they do before aseptic surgery

Answer 4

all staff wash faces, arms, hands before
rubbery gloves and gown
steam to sterilise
air sterilised

Question 5

who discovered the xray

Answer 5

wilhelm roentgen

Question 6

what were the early limitations of xrays

Answer 6

1500x higher radiation that todays
glass tube broke easily
took 90 minutes on hand
large machines difficult to move

Question 7

what were later developments of xrays

Answer 7

put on back of ambulances
photo speed improved
glass tubes stronger

Question 8

who and when were blood groups discovered

Answer 8

1901 karl landsteiner

Question 9

how were blood transfusions developed

Answer 9

added citrate glucose to store for 4 weeks

Question 10

what was the impact of blood groups

Answer 10

meant wounded could have transfusions closer to the front line to stop shock or blood loss/ lives saved drastically increased

Question 11

why was terrain a transport problem

Answer 11

evacuation difficulties
previously farmlands so no road
bacteria caused infection

Question 12

what were stretcher bearers

Answer 12

four men per stretcher
collected wounded from no mans land

Question 13

what were the problems of a horse drawn carriage

Answer 13

too slow
shook making injuries worse
couldnt take lots of

Question 14

what were motor ambulances

Answer 14

512 donated by british public
donated by volunteer nurses

Question 15

what were train ambulances

Answer 15

by nov 1914 ambulances had stretchers and some operating theatres

Question 16

what were barge ambulances

Answer 16

canal barges
go straight to ships through canals

Question 17

what were bad conditions in trenches

Answer 17

exposed sewage
dead bodies
flooding
frostbite
rat and lice infestations
rapid spread of disease

Question 18

what were trench foot symptoms

Answer 18

painful swelling from standing in mud and water
led to gangrene

Question 19

what were solutions to gangrene

Answer 19

prevention
whale oil
keep feet dry and change socks
gangrene-amputation

Question 20

what were symptoms of trench fever

Answer 20

flu like symptoms
half a million men affected

Question 21

what were solutions of trench fever

Answer 21

indentified as contact lice
set up delousing stations

Question 22

what were shellshock symptoms

Answer 22

tiredness, headaches, nightmares, loss of speech, uncontrollable shaking and mental breakdown

Question 23

what were shellshock solutions

Answer 23

some treated in britain
called cowards and punished

Question 24

what was responsible for 58% of wounds

Answer 24

shrapnel and explosives

Question 25

what was gas gangrene

Answer 25

wounds exposed to chemical gas killed within 24 hours

Question 26

what was chlorine gas 1915

Answer 26

suffocation first used by germans issued gas masks

Question 27

what was phosgene gas 1915

Answer 27

first used at the end of 1915 similar but faster than chlorine

Question 28

what was mustard gas 1917

Answer 28

first used by germans odourless passed through clothes and cause internal and external blisters

Question 29

what was the RAMC

Answer 29

royal army medical corps that dealt with anything medical

Question 30

what was FANY

Answer 30

first aid nursing yeomanry group of volunteer nurses first refused by british so they worked for the french and belgium until british realised their worth

Question 31

what was the chain of evacuation in order

Answer 31

reginmental aid post advanced dressing station main dressing station casualty clearing station base hospitals

Question 32

regimental aid post

Answer 32

within trenches patch up soldiers

Question 33

advanced dressing station

Answer 33

400 meters off front line tent or bunker

Question 34

main dressing station

Answer 34

half a mile back abandoned building RAMC worked and kept field ambulances kept wounded for a week

Question 35

casualty clearing station

Answer 35

far back walk wounded- patched and returned hospital treatment- life threatening injuries sent to base hospitals severely wounded- confortable before death

Question 36

base hospitals

Answer 36

near coast continued casualty clearing station operations depending on doctors field

Question 37

what was the arras underground hospital

Answer 37

nov 1916 fully working hospital with water electric wards and operating theatre 800 meters of tunnels and medical staff abandoned in 1917 due to germans destroying water supply

Question 38

what was the thomas splint

Answer 38

pulled the leg back to avoid the bone sticking out the leg and prevent severe blood loss

Question 39

how did the thomas splint change the survival rate of shrapnel

Answer 39

20% to 82%

Question 40

what were solutions to infection

Answer 40

removing dead damaged ir infected tissue amputating limbs to prevent spreading

Question 41

what were the problems of head and brain injuries

Answer 41

hard to move through the chain of evacuation few doctors with medical experience

Question 42

what was the impact of head injuries

Answer 42

men operated in quickly not moved for three weeks after magnets removed shrapnel thoroughly checked for gangrene

Question 43

why was plastic surgery used

Answer 43

helping wounded who were badly scarred and disfigured from their wounds