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OSCI > WH Dx 4 > Flashcards

WH Dx 4 Flashcards

1
Q

interstitial cystitis

A

an unpleasant sensation (pain, pressure, discomfort) perceived to be related to the urinary bladder, associated with lower urinary tract symptoms for more than 6 weeks in the absence of infection or other identifiable causes

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2
Q

an unpleasant sensation (pain, pressure, discomfort) perceived to be related to the urinary bladder, associated with lower urinary tract symptoms for more than 6 weeks in the absence of infection or other identifiable causes

A

interstitial cystitis

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3
Q

interstitial cystitis characteristic features
2

A
  1. pain associated with bladder filling and relieved by bladder emptying
  2. pelvic tenderness on exam
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4
Q

pain associated with bladder filling and relieved by bladder emptying and pelvic tenderness on exam

A

interstitial cystitis

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5
Q

chronic bladder pain in the absence of other etiologies

A

interstitial cystitis

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6
Q

interstitial cystitis clinical symptoms
4

A
  1. urinary urgency
  2. daytime frequency
  3. pain
  4. nocturia
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7
Q

interstitial cystitis pain location

A

usually suprapubic or urethral

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8
Q

void frequently to avoid discomfort with bladder distention

A

interstitial cystitis

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9
Q

interstitial cystitis DD
2

A

UTI
bladder cancer

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10
Q

interstitial cystitis Education
4

A
  1. avoid food and drink that trigger symptoms
  2. avoid activities that make this condition worse
  3. get treated quickly for bladder infections which can make symptoms worse
  4. PFPT may help with pelvic floor tenderness
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11
Q

interstitial cystitis meds
2

A

NSAID
Elmiron (may help repair the lining of the bladder but doesn’t make symptoms go away completely)

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12
Q

interstitial cystitis test

A

No test - r/o UTI and STD

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13
Q

interstitial cystitis f/u

A

4 weeks, it may take weeks for Elmiron to start working

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14
Q

interstitial cystitis red flags
4

A
  1. worsening symptoms
  2. hematuria
  3. incomplete bladder emptying
  4. urinary incontinence
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15
Q

irregular menstruation - average cycle is

A

28-35 days with 4-6 days of bleeding

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16
Q

irregular menstruation - do what exam

A

pelvic exam

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17
Q

irregular menstruation DD
3

A

pregnancy
STD
fibroids

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18
Q

irregular menstruation Education
4

A
  1. A variety of conditions can cause irregular menstruation from hormone changes, pregnancy, infection and more
  2. report any changes to menstruation
  3. always use protection when having sex
  4. get vaccinated for STDs
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19
Q

irregular menstruation medication

A

with no known etiology - estrogen progestin contraceptives

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20
Q

irregular menstruation test
3

A

pregnancy
CBC - anemia
STD testing

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21
Q

irregular menstruation f/u

A

4-6 weeks

22
Q

irregular menstruation AG
3

A
  1. get up to date on vaccines
  2. get HPV vaccines
  3. get cervical cancer screening
23
Q

irregular menstruation red flags
5

A
  1. worsening of symptoms
  2. heavy bleeding > 7 days, passing large clots
  3. persistent bleeding despite treatment
  4. change in discharge
  5. abdominal, pelvic, or vaginal pain
24
Q

mastitis

A

inflammation of the breast tissue that may or may not be accompanied with infection

25
Q

inflammation of the breast tissue that may or may not be accompanied with infection

A

mastitis

26
Q

Non-lactating mastitis
2

A
  1. periductal mastitis - young women smoking; clinical dx, treat with empiric abx
  2. IGM - rare benign, young parous women, within 5 years of pregnancy; get US, treat with abx
27
Q

lactational mastitis is most common when

A

4-6 weeks into breast feeding

28
Q

lactational mastitis s/sx
2

A

localized swelling
redness

29
Q

infectious lactational mastitis s/sx
7

A

firm
red
painful
swollen area
possible fever
diminished milk secretion
flu-like sx

30
Q

inflammation in duct of young smoking women

A

periductal mastitis

31
Q

periductal mastitis tx

A

clinical dx
if there is discharge get culture
empiric abx

32
Q

IGM mastitis clinical dx based on

A

solitary peripheral tender inflammatory breast mass

33
Q

IGM mastitis tx

A

clinical dx
can get US
biopsy is only definitive dx way
if infection is suspected, drain and tx with abx, send culture

34
Q

mastitis DD
2

A

malignancy - breast cancer
galactocele

35
Q

mastitis education
6

A
  1. do frequent, on demand feeding and proper breast technique
  2. minimize breast pump usage
  3. drink plenty of water
  4. wear appropriately fitting bras
  5. quit smoking
  6. It is ok to keep feeding your baby on the affect breast
36
Q

mastitis meds
3

A
  1. Ibuprofen or Tylneol (both safe during BF) for pain
  2. Abx if symptoms persist 24-48 hours after, fever, or systemic symptoms
  3. choose abx safe for breastfeeding
37
Q

mastitis f/u
3

A
  1. Within the first 24 hours, watch and wait
  2. If symptoms do not start to improve or they worsen in the first 24 hours then come back in (acute pain, sx > 24 hours, or signs of systemic infection)
  3. Refer to lactation specialist
38
Q

mastitis AG

A

PPD screening

39
Q

mastitis red flags
3

A
  1. worsening of symptoms
  2. symptoms don’t improve with tx
  3. signs of severe infection (low BP, tachycardia, fever not controlled by Tylenol)
40
Q

Menopause

A

The permanent cessation of menstrual periods, determined after a women experiences 12 months of amenorrhea.

41
Q

The permanent cessation of menstrual periods, determined after a women experiences 12 months of amenorrhea.

A

Menopause

42
Q

Menopause median age

A

51

43
Q

Menopause hallmark sx
8

A

hot flashes
night sweats
new onset depression
sleep disturbances
cognitive changes
headache
joint pain
vaginal dryness

44
Q

hot flashes

A

Menopause

45
Q

Menopause DD
3

A

hyperthyroid
pregnancy
pheochromocytoma

46
Q

Menopause education
7

A
  1. This is a time in life when periods naturally stop.
  2. Ovaries stop releasing eggs and stop making the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
  3. Usually starts 45-55 years
  4. This can cause osteoporosis
  5. Protect your bones by taking supplements and being active (calcium, vitamin D)
  6. For hot flashes - quit smoking, use cold and wet washcloth on neck, keep home at cool temp
  7. for sleep - get on a sleep schedule, avoid caffeine in the afternoon
47
Q

Menopause meds
3

A
  1. Hormone therapy can help with sx
  2. If no uterus, estrogen-only therapy
  3. If there is a uterus, estrogen-progestin therapy to prevent endometrial hyperplasia
48
Q

Menopause - contraindications to HRT 8

A
  1. breast cancer
  2. heart disease
  3. prior VTE
  4. stroke
  5. active liver disease
  6. unexplained vaginal bleeding
  7. endometrial cancer
  8. TIA
49
Q

Menopause test

A

no imaging or test - dx based on no period for 12 months

50
Q

Menopause f/u

A

3-4 weeks to check interventions

51
Q

Menopause AG
3

A
  1. Annual mammogram
  2. colon cancer screening
  3. get up to date on vaccines
52
Q

Menopause red flags
2

A
  1. worsening of symptoms
  2. if you start to bleed again, even if it’s just one spot

OSCI (20 decks)

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