WH FINALS Flashcards

Question

Peasant Revolt

Answer 1

uprising of poor people in Germany who attempted to use Martin Luther's words for their own gain

Answer 2

created the Act of Supremacy, establishing himself - not the pope - as the head of the church of England

Answer 3

set up Anglican Church in England, the only legal church in England; established a state church that moderate Catholics and Protestants might both accept

Answer 4

believe that English monarch is head of Church

Answer 5

Invented in the mid-1400s in Germany; used to disseminate (send out) Martin Luther's ideas throughout Europe

Answer 6

location in which St. Peter's Basilica was built

Answer 7

Aunt of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor; first wife of Henry VIII

Answer 8

required that people of England take oath recognizing Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine and accepting Henry VIII, not the pope, as the official head of England's Church

Answer 9

believe that Pope is head of Church

Answer 10

earth-centered view of the universe

Answer 11

a new way of thinking about the natural world; based on careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs

Answer 12

view of the universe in which the planets orbit the sun

Answer 13

Polish astronomer who developed the heliocentric theory "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies" written by Copernicus but not published until a year prior to his death for fear of ridicule or persecution

Answer 14

mathematician who continued the work of Copernicus and concluded that certain mathematical laws govern planetary motion

Answer 15

built on the new theories in astronomy and continued the work of Copernicus; came into conflict with the Catholic Church and remained publicly silent about his findings; stood trial before the court and eventually signed a confession; essentially saying that his ideas were wrong and that the Church was right

Answer 16

logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas; begins with a question or problem arising from an observation

Answer 17

developed the theory of universal gravitation, which essentially linked motion in the heavens with motion on earth; theory was that every object in the universe attracts every other object

Answer 18

era of rebirth; renewed focus on classical ideas and human potential

Answer 19

wealthy and powerful ruling family in Florence

Answer 20

stress the potential value and goodness of human beings

Answer 21

following of ancient Greek or Roman principles and style in art and literature

Answer 22

wealthy supporter to artists such as musicians, painters, and sculptors

Answer 23

Italian sculptor who completed the life-sized bronze sculpture, David

Answer 24

quintessential 'Renaissance Man' who was skilled as a painter, inventor, sculptor and architect

Answer 25

Italian statesman, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy

Answer 26

famous Italian painter famous for painting the "School of Athens, one of the most famous frescoes by the Italian Renaissance

Answer 27

technique in painting that refers to some objects in a painting appearing to be closer than other objects; based on optical illusion (ren

Answer 28

language spoken by the ordinary people in a particular region

Answer 29

Humanist poet during the Renaissance

Answer 30

Italian designer and a key figure in architecture who was recognized to be the first modern engineer, planner and sole construction supervisor; one of the founding fathers of the Renaissance

Answer 31

Italian philosopher who wrote a guidebook advising political leaders to win at all costs

Answer 32

first major book printed using mass-produced type in Europe; ushered in the age of the printed book in the West

Answer 33

German printer of the fifteenth century who invented the printing press

Answer 34

name of the political guidebook written by Niccolo Machiavelli

Answer 35

Italian city in which many Renaissance-era painters and artists flourished

Answer 36

Dominated politics in Italian city-states; did not inherit social rank, using wits to succeed in business; held strong belief in individual achievement

Answer 37

struck Italian city-states in the 1300s, killing up to 60% of the population

Answer 38

agricultural innovation assisted the rise of towns and cities

Answer 39

name of the wars that were fought over possession of Jerusalem

Answer 40

monk who took a vow of poverty and left a life of luxury

Answer 41

conflict led to the rise of nationalism and the decline of feudalism

Answer 42

expanded the Frankish empire while serving as mayor of the palace for the Merovingian dynasty

Answer 43

style of architecture used flying buttresses, pointed arches, and stained glass windows

Answer 44

promised the Crusaders a place in heaven if they died during the Crusades

Answer 45

name of an association of people who worked at the same occupation, often in towns or cities

Answer 46

English king left his country to join the Crusades

Answer 47

event in which Ferdinand and Isabella persecuted all non-Christians in Spain

Answer 48

political system was based on loyalty, military service, and land

Answer 49

guaranteed basic rights to the nobles and limited the power of the king

Answer 50

Which ruler was forced to sign Magna Carta

Answer 51

What was the name of the conflict in which William the Conqueror won the English throne?

Answer 52

name of the church tax imposed on peasants

Answer 53

Henry II of England increased his French holdings after this event

Answer 54

first king to reunite western Europe following the fall of the western half of the Roman Empire

Answer 55

French peasant who was led by the voices of saints to help France in the Hundred Years War

Answer 56

event resulted from conflict between kings and popes over authority?

Answer 57

conflict established Charles Martel as a defender of Christianity?

Answer 58

(1475-1564) An Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect. Famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the sculpture of the biblical character David.

Answer 59

Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)

Answer 60

A mapmaker and explorer who said that America was a new continent, so America was named after him.

Answer 61

author/book attempts answer the question of why white Europeans have dominated since the 15th century (much of this is explained by favorable agriculture, therefore genetics evolved, etc.)

Answer 62

Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings, forbade the sale of indulgences

Answer 63

A city in the Holy Land, regarded as sacred by Christians, Muslims, and Jews; fought over during the Crusades

Answer 64

Islamic state that was based in Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453-1922; encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe.

Answer 65

when two cultures are geographically close to each other, resulting in intermarriage, trade, and even conflict (ex: exchange of art, music, and food - US+Mexico)

Answer 66

when one culture has power over another and forces its own customs on the conquered people (ex: colonizers forcing indigenous people to adopt their religion)

Answer 67

when traits are passed from one culture to another culture, without the 1st and final cultures being in direct contact (ex: the presence of pizza in Indonesia, influenced by global media and the market created by tourists and transplants)

Answer 68

transferring elements of culture between societies

Answer 69

the first 4 leaders of Islam that succeeded the prophet Muhammad

Answer 70

the political and religious state of Muslims and their lands in their possession in the centuries after death of Muhammad

Answer 71

a caliph, who was the political successor of Muhammad

Answer 72

Muslim traders introduced a variety of crops and farming techniques to Muslim lands. Muslim engineers developed new irrigation techniques for dry areas

Answer 73

was criticized for trying to blend Aristotle and Plato’s views with Islam, but argued that they both had the goal of finding the truth.

Answer 74

was a Jewish philosopher and physician who faced opposition for his ideas. He was the greatest Jew philosopher; blending philosophy, religion, and science in his book

Answer 75

East Persian derivation, Arabic faith, Iraqi education, Hebrew in astuteness, disciple of Christian conduct, as pious as Greek monk (Valued all cultures)

Answer 76

opened by Caliphal-Maimun; a combination library, academy, and translation center (texts from Greece, India, Persia, and elsewhere)

Answer 77

themes of bravery, love, and generosity The Qur’an was the standard of literature and poetry

Answer 78

less than men, but had more economic and property rights than most other women (European, Chinese, and Indian) (different roles for rich/poor) However, over time their rights decreased

Answer 79

greatest physician of Muslim world (wrote books)

Answer 80

created algebra

WH FINALS Flashcards

(106 cards)