What are the Risk Factors? Flashcards
Gastro-oesophageal reflu (GORD)
Same as causes
Obesity
Smoking
Alcohol
Fatty food –> causes fatty oesophageal sphincter
Big meals, tight clothes,
being overweight –> cause increased intra-abdominal pressure
Peptic Ulcer
Same as causes
- H.pylori!!! (80%)
- NSAIDs
- pepsin
- smoking
- alcohol
- bile acids
- steroids
- stress
- changes in gastric mucin consistency
Acute GI bleed
chronic vomiting alcoholism NSAIDS GI surgery DOACs (blood thinners) e.g. Rivaroxaban
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
(ulcerative colitis/ crohn’s
smoking (decreased risk in UC, increase in Crohn’s)
Family history
NSAIDs
urban living
antibiotic exposure
surgery
oral contraceptive use
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
family history if 1st degree relative alcohol fatty&spicy foods Psychosocial factors Drugs such as antibiotics
Infective Gastroenteritis
Being young or old Poor personal hygiene Immunocompromised Achlorhydia (less stomach HCL) Insufficient re-heating of food (food poisoning)
Acute Pancreatitis
alcohol smoking obesity diabetes family history
Chronic Pancreatitis
Chronic alcohol excess!!!
Genetic (eg cystic fibrosis)
Obstructive (eg pancreatic cancer)
Metabolic (eg raised triglycerides)
Gallstones
female 40+
native american/ hispanic
obese/ sedentary/ pregnant/ high fat diet
Acute Hepatitis
PWInjectDrugs Alcohol abuse Poor hygiene Contaminated water Bleeding disorder MSM Sexual promiscuity Needlestick injury
Appendicitis
15-30 years men
family history
Small bowel obstruction
hernias crohn's disease abdominal surgery swallowing foreign body decreased blood supply cancers
Large Bowel Obstruction
Abdo surgery
Crohn’s disease
cancer
Femoral hernia
old or pregnant women
raised abdo pressure e.g. constipation, heavy lifting
inguinal hernia
old white males
family history
chronic cough often from smoking
constipation
