What was the experience like for native people subject to British rule between 1890 and 1914? Flashcards
(20 cards)
Give four reasons how native peoples in Asia had a positive experience? Socially?
- The British brought one language which helped with communication.
- By 1900, Calcutta University was the largest in the world.
- Introduction of quinine treatment to combat malaria.
- Curzon preserved monuments such as the Taj Mahal.
Give three reasons how native peoples in Asia had a positive experience? Politically?
- 1905: Partition of Bengal, Lord Curzon wanted to use the divide and conquer tactics. East Bengal (H:M) (12:18)
- Morley - Minto reforms: Indian Councils Act. Total elected membership was 135 up from 39 in the 1892 act.
- Hardinge reunited Bengal in 1911 - moved capital from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911.
Give reasons how native peoples in Asia had a positive experience? Economically?
- Curzon lowered taxes and adopted the gold standard to ensure a stable currency.
Give reasons how native peoples in Asia had a negative experience? Socially?
- Restraints on Indian industry and taxation, purchasing of British goods e.g. Lancashire cotton.
- Only 5% of ICS was Indian by 1913.
Give reasons how native peoples in Asia had a negative experience? Economically?
- Britain divided trade concessions in China between European powers.
- Economic disadvantage of Muslims.
Give reasons how native peoples in Asia had a negative experience? Politically?
- ## 1904 - Curzon established a Criminal Investigation Department in every province with the aim of providing secret police reports.
Give reasons how native peoples in Asia had a negative experience? Militarily?
- Invasion of Tibet (1903 - 1904): Curzon sent Sir Francis Younghusband machine gunned monks.
Give reasons how native peoples in North and West Africa had a negative experience? Socially?
- Growing middle class protest in Egypt and by 1890s resulted in revival of the National Party (al-Hizb-al-Watani)
- Baring was a “moral” Christian reformer who discouraged slave ownership, regulated alcohol licenses.
- 1909: Tighter press censorship was introduced.
- Denshawai Incident: 1906.
Give reasons how native peoples in North and West Africa had a negative experience? Politically?
- Granville doctrine: Allowed ministers to be dismissed if the resisted GB directives.
- Capitulations: Slowed down Egyptian law which gave foreigner the right to be tried at home.
- 1913: new Legislative Assembly replaced advisor Council of Laws which elected rich landowners.
Give reasons how native peoples in North and West Africa had a negative experience? Economically?
Caisse de la Dette: Hald of Egypt’s revenue went to bond holders.
- Many Sudanese uprisings regarding taxation - total of 33 punitive expeditions.
- 1898 - Colonel Cardew in Sierra Leone introduced a hut tax which was met with resistance.
- 97 of the chief’s warriors hanged.
Give reasons how native peoples in North and West Africa had a negative experience? Militarily?
- Denshawai incident
- 1896 - British took revenge for General Gordon’s death by annexing Sudan
- Omdurman - British advance to Khartoum - Khalif’s army delivered many frontal attacks which were repelled by machine guns (11,000 dead)
- Sudanese - Mahdist uprisings (1900, 1902-3, 1904, 1908
Give reasons how native peoples in North and West Africa had a positive experience? Economically?
- Within 10 years cotton and sugar exports had trebled.
- Baring: investment in irrigation schemes which improved sanitation and health services.
- Sudan: Telegraph and railway lines were extended to link key areas.
- Port Sudan opened in 1906.
- West African gin trade in 1908 £1.2 million (90% went to Nigeria).
- Opening of a dam in 1902 enabling 500,000 acres of desert to be irrigated.
Give reasons how native peoples in North and West Africa had a positive experience? Socially?
- 1914 - Protectorate declared over Egypt
- 1899 -1902: Gordon College was set up to prepare young sudanese people for government.
- Increase in tourism.
Give reasons how native peoples in North and West Africa had a positive experience? Politically?
- Baring appointed Saad Pasha as Minister of education in 1906
- Gorst brought more Egyptians in government in 1909.
- Lugard system of indirect rule gave power to local emirs.
Give reasons how native peoples in East and South had a positive experience? Socially?
- The free Church of Scotland East Africa - began in 1891 promoting Christian principles, healthcare and education.
- Rhodes giving scholarships to native people in South Africa for Oxford University.
- Milner founded a series schools in Pretoria and Johannesburg.
Give reasons how native peoples in East and South had a positive experience? Economically?
- 1896 - Chamberlain approved the construction of the Lunatic line to connect Kenya to Lake Victoria. Construction finished in 1903 (60,000 profit)
- British built 1200 bridges and invested 5 million improving communications.
- 1913 - Government invested 2.8 million for development.
- The Treaty of Vereeniging in 1902 gave the Boers 3 million.
- Post Boer War - Relocated Boers stimulated further economic growth
Give reasons how native peoples in East and South had a negative experience? Socially?
- Kenyans were forbidden to live next to Europeans unless undertaking work for them
- Locals whipped and tortured by British imperialists.
- After the Boer War 64,000 Chinese labourers were brought to work in gold miners which added more racial tension.
Give reasons how native peoples in East and South had a negative experience? Economically?
- Kenyan tax of 20p per hut in 1901.
- Hut tax of 3 rupees per hut forcing indigenous people to seek cash through labour.
- Construction of the Lunatic line killed 2,500 between 1896 - 1901.
- Lunatic line to 60,000 acres from Kikuyu people as it cut through their line.
Give reasons how native peoples in East and South had a negative experience? Politically?
- British declared Zanzibar a protectorate establishing a puppet Sultan.
- Bloemfontein Conference (1899 may) - Milner demanded Transvaal rights regarding Uitlanders and refused attempts lead to war.
- Cecil Rhodes enlarged political tensions between Boers and Britain due his desire for a South African federation.
Give reasons how native peoples in East and South had a negative experience? Militarily?
- 1890, Lugard arrived in Uganda conquered sovereignty of the ‘Bunyoro’ people.
- Jameson Raid - December 1895
- Second Boer War - (Bloemfontein and Springfontein concentration camps.
- Scorched earth tactics.
