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Whatever Flashcards

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1
Q

What parts of an atom are in the nucleus

A

Protons and neutrons

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2
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom has lost or gained electrons

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3
Q

What happens if an atom gains an electron

A

It becomes negatively charged

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4
Q

What happens if an atom loses an electron

A

It becomes positively charged

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5
Q

How many electrons are in the first shell

A

2

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6
Q

How many electrons are in the second shell

A

8

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7
Q

What does the atomic number show

A

Amount of protons

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8
Q

How do you work out the atomic mass

A

Protons + neutrons

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9
Q

What is an isotope

A

An atom with an unstable amount of neutrons

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10
Q

What do isotopes want to do and how do they do it

A

Get rid of neutrons, emit radioactive decay

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11
Q

What are 4 uses of isotopes

A

Medicine - scans, industry - thickness measurement, smoke alarms, power

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12
Q

What are problems with radioisotopes

A

Hard to dispose safely, exposure to radiation

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13
Q

What does alpha decay look like

A

2 protons, 2 neutrons - helium nucleus

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14
Q

What does beta decay look like

A

One electron

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15
Q

What does gamma decay look like

A

A wave of energy

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16
Q

Which type of decay goes the furthest

A

Gamma

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17
Q

What is half life

A

The time for half of a radioactive sample to decay

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18
Q

How do you calculate distance

A

Speed x time

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19
Q

How do you calculate speed

A

Distance/time

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20
Q

How do you calculate time

A

Distance/speed

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21
Q

Which graph has curves

A

Distance - time

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22
Q

How do you calculate acceleration

A

Change in velocity/change in time

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23
Q

How do you calculate force

A

Mass x acceleration

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24
Q

What is Newtons first law

A

A body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will remain in motion unless it is acted upon by an external force

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24
What is mutualism
Where it's beneficial to both organisms
25
What is Newtons second law
The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object times its acceleration
25
What is Newtons third law
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
25
What is an example of mutualism
Clownfish and anemone
26
What is commensalism
a relationship between two species in which one obtains benefits from the other without harming or benefiting it.
26
What is an example of commensalism
Small birds and large grazing herbivores
27
What is parasitism
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm
28
What is an example of parasitism
Worms
29
What is symbiosis
Symbiosis is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction, between two organisms of different species.
30
What is predation
Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.
31
What is an example of predation
wolves hunting moose
32
What is competition
Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both require a resource that is in limited supply. Competition lowers the fitness of both organisms involved since the presence of one of the organisms always reduces the amount of the resource available to the other.
33
What is a Newton
One Newton is the force needed to accelerate one kilogram of mass at the rate of 1m/s/s in the direction of the applied force
34
What is the first trophic level
Producers
35
What is the second trophic level
Primary consumers
36
What is the third trophic level
Secondary consumers
37
What is the fourth trophic level
Tertiary consumers
38
What is the fifth trophic level
Apex consumers
39
What is an example of a decomposer
Fungi
40
What is an example of a producer
Grass
41
What are the three glands located in the brain
Pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland
42
What does the pineal gland do
Melatonin - sleep
43
What is the gland in the upper neck
Thyroid gland
44
What does the thyroid gland do
Metabolism and growth
45
What is the gland in the lower neck
Thymus gland
46
What does the thymus gland do
White blood cell production
47
What is the organ in front of the kidneys
Pancreas
48
What does the pancreas do
Produce insulin
49
What is the gland behind the kidneys
Adrenal gland
50
What does the adrenal gland do
Produce adrenaline
51
What does the endocrine system do
Responsible for producing hormones. Hormones are chemical signals that allow our body to communicate with itself
52
What is homeostasis
The process for maintaining a constant internal environment
53
What is an example of homeostasis
If the body is hot it will sweat and blood vessels will expand. The nervous system will send a message to the hypothalamus
54
What does the nervous system do
Coordinates the actions of complex organisms via the transmission of electrochemical signals. Signals are transmitted by a network of neurons
55
What are the two roles of the digestive system
To digest (break down food) and to absorb food into the bloodstream
56
What is the purpose of the respiratory system
Gas exchange (air in and carbon dioxide out)
57
What is the purpose of the circulatory system
To transport substances around the body and to every cell
58
What are the four parts of blood
Red blood cells, plasma, white blood cells, platelets
59
What are the two jobs of the excretory system
Filter our blood of toxins and regulate the amount of water, salts and vitamins in our blood
60
What is the definition of dynamic
Moving, changing
61
What are the 5 levels of the inside of earth
Inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, crust
62
What is the inner core of the earth made of
Hot dense ball of iron
63
What is the outer core made of
Hot iron nickel alloy, liquid
64
What is the lower mantle made of
Molten rock, 56% of volume
65
What is the upper mantle made of
Molten rock
66
What do dendrites do
Convert chemical information into electrical signals
67
What do axons do
Transmit electrical signals to terminal regions
68
What is a soma
A cell body containing the nucleus and organelles
69
What are the two parts of the nervous system
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
70
What is unicellular
An organism consisting of a single cell
71
What are the 6 inputs humans need
Water, carbs, minerals, vitamins, oxygen, protein
72
What are the 3 outputs humans need
Carbon dioxide, nitrogenous waste, excess nutrients
73
What is the formula for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
74
What is cellular respiration
Using oxygen and glucose to make energy
75
What is the formula for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
76
What is the purpose of the immune system
To fight infections and diseases
77
What is the first line of defense
Skin
78
What is the second line of defence
Non specific response such as white blood cells, inflammation, fever
79
What is the third line of defense
Specific and adaptive response such as antibodies and memory cells

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