When the immune system goes wrong Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in When the immune system goes wrong Deck (18)
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1
Q

What is immunological hypersensitivity?

A

Immune response to a harmless molecule

2
Q

What mediates an allergic response

A

IgE, mast cells and Th2 response

3
Q

What is atopy?

A

An inherited tendency to make hypersensitivity responses

4
Q

What cytokines causes B cells to class switch to IgE?

A

IL-4, -5, -13

5
Q

What is cross linking of an allergen and what does it cause?

A

When an allergen binds to more than one receptor at once, causes immediate degranulation of all of its inflammatory mediators

6
Q

What is Grave’s disease

A

Autoimmune thyroid disease; antibody produced that binds to TSH receptor on thyroid - stimulates thyroxine production leading to the symptoms of hyperthyroidism

7
Q

What is myesthenia gravis

A

autoimmune disease where transmission across a neuromuscular junction is impaired, antibodies are and agonist to ACh receptor

8
Q

How are T cells involved in type 1 diabetes?

A

CD8 T mediate killing of B cells
CD4 cell mediated inflammation
Failure of T reg to supress

9
Q

What are the two types of immunodeficiency

A

primary and secondary

10
Q

What is the difference between a primary and secondary immunodeficiency

A

primary is inherited, rare

secondary is acquired, common

11
Q

What is Di George syndrome an example of?

A

inherited (primary) immunodefiency

It’s where thymus gland doesn’t develop, no T cells are produced.

12
Q

What is severe combined immune deficiency

A

no B or T cells develop

13
Q

What is chronic granulamatous disease

A

Neutrophils cannot kill pathogens, can only surround them forming granulomas

14
Q

What is hypergammaglobuinaemia?

A

hyper IgM syndrom, only IgM can be produced

15
Q

How does HIV lead to a secondary immunodeficiency?

A

Virus infects CD4 T cells, then they are gradually killed off + viral portion increases over time

16
Q

What does AIDS stand for

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

17
Q

What is the treatment for HIV?

A

HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy

18
Q

What is iatrogenic immune deficiency

A

secondary immune abnormalities caused by patient being treated with immune therapies