WHH S1 Final Exam Flashcards
(109 cards)
0
Q
- What idea do both Code of Hammurabi and Chinese Legalism both rely on?
A
Harsh punishment for Crime
1
Q
- What are the Indus and Huang He (Yellow) rivers both closely associated with?
A
River Vally Civilizations.
2
Q
- What is polytheism?
A
The belief in many Gods
3
Q
- In the traditional Hindu society, what is a person’s caste determined by?
A
The Caste of someone’s parents.
4
Q
- Why is ‘The Epic of Gilgamesh an important record?
A
It gives historians information about early civilizations.
5
Q
- What are Civil Service exams, Filial Piety and the five relationships most often associated with?
A
Confucianism
6
Q
- What is a major theme in Classical Greek philosophy?
A
The use of logic and reason to solve problems.
7
Q
- What are the Four Noble Truths, Nirvana and Eight Fold Path associated with?
A
Buddhism.
8
Q
- Why did Confucianism appeal to Chinese authorities?
A
They liked the idea of respecting the person above you (Filial Piety)*.
9
Q
- Why did authoritarian governments develop throughout history?
A
The one person in charge could make quick decisions to protect his people.
10
Q
- What are the spread of the Latin language, trade routes, and the development of Hellenistic Culture all examples of ?
A
Cultural Diffusion
11
Q
- How did Classical civilizations influence Western culture?
A
a) Citizens were involved with Law
b) Classical architecture inspired later styles
c) Citizens equal under the Law
12
Q
- What were the economies of early river valley civilizations primarily based on?
A
farming & bartering
13
Q
- Which civilization supported the concept of citizens electing representatives to make political decisions?
A
The Roman with their Republic.
14
Q
- What is the legacy of Hellenistic culture?
A
The diffusion of classical learning.
15
Q
- How did art reflect Greek values?
A
It Glorified individual and heroic achievements. (Arete)
16
Q
- What did Lao Tse emphasize in the ‘Tao Te Ching’?
A
Should behave like animals (one with nature).
17
Q
- What was the Pax Romana
A
200 years of peace and prosperity for the Roman’s who were lead by the Five Good Emperors.
18
Q
- What civilization is Ancestor Worship, Bronze casting and Oracle Bones associated with?
A
Chinese Civilization.
19
Q
- What was the underlaying objective that gave rise to Chinese philosophies of Confucius, Lao Tzu and the Legalists?
A
To create order after a series of civil wars.
20
Q
- How did the Qin dynasty?
- punish critics
- protect China
- unify China
A
a) They Killed the critics
b) They built the biggest part of The Great Wall of China
c) They conquered the city states*
21
Q
- How did cultural diffusion take place in:
- Mesopotamia?
- Ancient Greece?
- Roman Empire?
A
a) It was the cross-road of the ancient world (trade)
b) Cultural Diffusion all over Mediterranean
c) Cultural Diffusion by expanding all over Europe
22
Q
- What individual was born a Prince, rejected the caste system and sought enlightenment?
A
Siddhārtha Gautama (Buddha).
23
Q
- During the Zhou Dynasty, what was the Mandate of Heaven used for?
A
Rational for why a family should be the ruling family.
24
25. What is a primary source?
An original source (from the time).
NOT: a history book, biography
25
26. Which Neolithic Revolution development led to a surplus of food, division of labour and complex?
The Agricultural Revolution (Discovery of Farming).
26
27. What did most early civilizations develop around?
Valleys with rivers.
27
28. What was the significance of flooding in ancient China?
It gave fertility to land on which crops could be grown on. However it left loess which was bad.
28
29. If you wanted to start a flourishing civilization, which geographical structure would be most important to you?
River or supply of fresh water.
29
30. What was a key difference between Athens and Sparta?
Athens - Direct Democracy, Very artistic
Sparta - Military State,
30
31. In the Hindu tradition , what a person's goal for his her's soul or atman is to?
Achieve moksha and join Brahmin.
31
32. What was a major effect of the Aryan invasion of India?
Brought caste system which evolved into buddhism.*
32
33. Which name identifies the region located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers?
Mesopotamia.
33
34. How did geography influence Egypt?
- protection
- farming
- trade
a) Deserts and the Mediterranean Sea
b) Nile flooded giving fertility to land
c) Traded along the Nile river, throughout the Mediterranean and Middle East
34
35. How are the Five Relationships, the Ten Commandments and Eightfold Path similar?
They are all law codes that make society run smoothly.
35
36. How are Moksha and Nirvana similar?
Both are about achieving enlightenment and eventual goals for their religions/ philosophies.
36
37. Which institution served as the primary unifying force in medieval Western Europe?
The Catholic Church.
37
38. What was the effect of signing the Magna Carta in 1215?
Was the first document to limit a monarch's power.
38
39. Which geographic feature was most important in isolating the Greek city-states from one another?
Mountains.
39
40. What is feudalism?
The social system of Medieval Europe*.
40
41. How did the Jewish beliefs influence Christianity?
- Monotheism*
- Law Code
- Sacred Text
41
42. How did Hammurabi's Code treat crimes against different classes of people?
It was unfair, poor people where treated much worse and punished more severally.*
42
43. What are important characteristics of ancient Judaism?
Monotheistic, sacred text, Covenant between God and the Jews.
43
44. Egypt's pharaohs were considered divine figures. This suggests what type of government?
Theocracy
44
45. What are the key characteristics of Islam?
- 5 Pillars
- Monotheistic
- Allah
- Quran
- Mohammad (The Greatest and Last Prophet)
45
46. What sacred texts associated with each religion?
- Confucianism
- Islam
- Christianity
- Hinduism
Analects - Confucianism
Quran - Islam
Bible - Christianity
Hinduism - Veddas & Upanishads
46
47. What characteristic makes christianity different from other religions?
The belief that the Messiah (Jesus) has come.
47
48. Why is Moses a significant figure in both Judaism and Christianity?
- Received the 10 Commandments
| - Prophet in both faiths
48
49. What is a mosque?
A Muslim place of worship (House of Allah).
49
50. What was the result of the death of Muhammad?
- The Sani and Shia spilt
| - Argued about who was the rightful successor
50
51. What is the difference between a fossil and artifact?
Fossil - Nature Made
| Artifact - Man-Made
51
52. What is "People's way of life influenced by their geography, religion, arts, politics, economics and social habits" known as?
Culture.
52
53. What does the term "Prehistoric" refers to?
Before recorded History.
53
54. Where do Archeologists believe human life began?
East Africa
54
55. What does the term Neolithic Revolution refer to?
People discovered agriculture which led to advanced civilizations.
55
56. What are the results of the spread of Farming/Neolithic Revolution?
- People began to live together
- Advanced civilizations
- Farming over hunting
56
57. What was an advantage village life had over hunting and gathering?
People had more time and developed key skills which led to advanced civilizations.
57
58. What are the characteristics of a civilizations?
Geography, Art, Religion, Politics, Economics and Society.
| GRAPES
58
59. What are the similarities found in both Egyptian and Sumerian civilizations?
Polytheistic, RVC's, the wheel, writing and hierarchical (arranged in order of rank).
59
60. What are the basic principals behind Hammurabi's Code?
Harsh punishment for crime.
60
61. Which geographic feature served as a barrier that protected ancient China and was used as an invasion route by the Aryans into ancient India?
Mountains (Himalayas)
61
62. What is a dynasty?
The ruling family.
62
63. How did the Chinese religion differ from other early cultures?
No God, philosophy only.*
63
64. What are the bonds that held Chinese society together?
a) Respect for elders/ ancestors (Filial Piety)
b) Respect for ruling family
c) No respect for Women
64
65. Why did Daoism become popular among the common people of China.
It was an easy way of life. (Focused on nature, no taxes)
65
66. Which teenage behavior would Confucius approve of?
Filial Piety
66
67. How is Legalism different from Confucianism and Daoism?
- Legalism focused on harsh punishment for wrong doing
| - Confucianism & Daoism are about Nature and Respect
68
68. What is the Hindu idea of reincarnation?
Someone will be reincarnated as a different person based on who they where (Karma)
69
69. What are similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism?
a) Reincarnation
b) From Indian subcontinent
c) Material desires keep you away from peace
d) Enlightenment/ Moksha
70
70. What is the role of the caste system in Hinduism?
Kept order (Social status & ranks)
71
71. What are the important characteristics of Buddhism?
a) Darma*
b) Life & Rebirth
c) Purpose: reach Nirvana
72
72. Why is "Monotheism"an important characteristic of Judaism?
The First Monotheistic faith.
73
73. What are three other important characteristics of Judaism?
a) Torah
b) Covenant between Jews and God
c) basis for Christianity
74
74. What is the mutual promise that the Jewa held with their God called?
Covenant
75
75. What is one way in which 'The Epic of Gilgamesh' and 'The Odyssey' are similar?
Both tell a story of a Great flood.
76
76. How did the geography of Greece influence that region's development?
- Sea
- Land
- Climate
a) Trade, Transport and made greeks skilled sailors
b) 75% mountains
c) support outdoor life, Easy to live
77
77. What are the Pre-Greek civilizations?
a) Mycenaeans
b) Minoans
c) Dorians
78
78. In a Greek city-state, who were considered "citizens"?
Land owning men born in the city-state
79
79. What were the unifying factors of Greece?
a) Infanticide
b) Mythology
c) Epics (that reflected Arête)
80
80. What do Athens and Sparta have in common?
Both are Greek Greek city-states.
81
81. What were the characteristics of Athen's direct democracy?
a) Limited political Power for its citizens
b) Laws were proposed by its citizens
c)
82
82. What was the result of the Persian War?
The Golden Age of Greece.
83
83. What were the characteristics of Pericles' Golden Age for Athens?
a) Glorified Athens
b) Strengthened Empire
c) Strengthened Navy
84
84. What were the effects of the Peloponnesian Wars?
a) Greece was weakened
b) Beginning of Spartan hegemony
c) Athenian philosophers began to question life
85
85. Why was Macedon able to conquer Greece?
a) Greece was weakened by Peloponnesian Wars
b) Macedonian Army built on Greek fails
c) Greek city-states did not take Macedon seriously and did not unify
86
86. What is a similarity between Gravitas and Arête?
Both focus on striving for excellence and perfection.
Gravitas - Roman
Arête - Greek
87
87. Of all ancient civilizations, which gave Women the most freedoms/rights?
Sparta
88
88. What was a difference between Greek direct democracy and early Roman republic?
Greek Direct Democracy - ruled by citizens
| Roman Republic - ruled by representatives (who were elected by citizens)
89
89. How was Rome's location beneficial to their development
a) Protected by Alps
b) (Sea) Far enough for protection, close enough for trade
c) located next to a river
90
90. What is a republic?
Supreme power is held by representatives.
91
91. What are the Major differences between plebeians and patricians?
Plebeians: Patricians:
- less power - more power
- poorer - richer
- Citizens - Citizens
- more - less of them
92
92. What changes took part in the final years of the Roman REPUBLIC?
a) Octavian became Emperor
b) Period of civil War (more taxes)
c) Gap between Rich & Poor
93
93. What was the Pax Romana?
200 years of Peace and prosperity in the Roman World.
94
94. What were some characteristics of society in the Roman EMPIRE?
a) Rich & Poor Gap
b) Luxury Goods from Asia
c) frequent banquets
(The Rich did not care about the poor!)
95
95. By the end of the Roman EMPIRE, what was the main religion of its people?
Christianity
96
96. What were the political problems during the decline of the Roman EMPIRE?
a) Split into West/East
b) corruption
c) more imports than exports
d) problems with emperor's successor
97
97. Why did the Germanic tribes succeed in invading the Roman EMPIRE?
The Roman EMPIRE was weakened by internal factors.
98
98. What achievements did the Byzantines make with each category?
- Religion
- Law
- Architecture
a) Spread orthodoxy
b) Justinian's Code of Law
c) Hellenism with Roman architecture
99
99. What achievements did Justinian make for the Byzantines?
a) reconquered some of the land conquered by the Barbarians
b) Justinian's Code of Law
c) Unified and Glorified Constantinople
100
100. Muhammad's flight the "Hijra"was from which city? (considered to be the holiest city in Islam today)
MECCA to Medinah
101
101. What are the 5 Pillars of Islam?
1. ) Charity
2. ) Prayer
3. ) "Allah is the one God"
4. ) Hajj (Pilgrimage)
5. ) Ramadan (Fasting)
102
102. What are the characteristics of feudalism?
a) Lord protects you
b) You are the Lord's slave (Servant)
c) Village is your World
103
103. What is the difference between a kingdom and an Empire.
Kingdom - 1 country, one language ex. France
Empire - Many countries, languages and diverse people ex. Roman Empire
104
104. What was the most important force in providing unity and stability throughout Western Europe during the Middle Ages?
The Catholic Church
105
105. What was Christendom's MAIN motivation behind starting the crusades?
To recapture The Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims.
106
106. What were the consequences of the Crusades?
a) Religious tolerance
b) decrease in the power of the Byzantine Empire
c) decline in feudal nobility
107
107. How did the bubonic plague affect economic development in the Middle Ages?
Shut down trade, everyone died.
108
108. How did the plague affect?
- political Power
- Trade
- Population
a) Dispersed political power
b) shut it down
c) Killed 1/2 to 1/3 of population of Europe.
109
109. Find:
- Hinduism - Islam
- Judaism
- Buddhism
- Christianity
(USE A MAP)
