White Blood Cells

Question 1

another name for WBC

Answer 1

leukocytes

Question 2

mature WBC are generally larger than what

Answer 2

mature RBC

Question 3

two classifications of WBC

Answer 3

granulocytes
agranulocytes

Question 4

how many types of WBC are normally present in the blood

Answer 4

5

Question 5

when they are stained which classification contains prominent cytoplasmic granules

Answer 5

granulocytes

Question 6

when they are stained which classification lacks obvious granules

Answer 6

agranulocytes

Question 7

what three WBCs make up granulocytes

Answer 7

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

Question 8

what two WBCs make up agranulocytes

Answer 8

lymphocytes
monocytes

Question 9

what is the function of WBC

Answer 9

to provide defense for the body against invaders

Question 10

each type of WBC has its own what

Answer 10

unique role in defense

Question 11

how do WBC travel from their site of production in the bone marrow

Answer 11

peripheral blood

Question 12

two types of defense functions for WBC

Answer 12

phagocytosis (eat invaders)
immunity (respond to infection)

Question 13

account for 40% to 75% of circulating leukocytes, most abundant WBC type in dog, cats and horses

Answer 13

neutrophils

Question 14

mature neutrophils are also known as what

Answer 14

polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)

Question 15

how many nuclear segments can a neutrophil have

Answer 15

2 to 5

Question 16

how long will a neutrophil spend in circulation before it enters the tissue

Answer 16

10 hours

Question 17

once a neutrophil enters tissue it does not return to where

Answer 17

the blood

Question 18

how often do neutrophils need to be replaced

Answer 18

2.5 times per day

Question 19

how are neutrophils replaced

Answer 19

from mature neutrophils held in reserve in the bone marrow

Question 20

what is the function of neutrophils

Answer 20

involved in early stages of the inflammatory response

Question 21

neutrophils leave the blood vessel by squeezing between the cells of the endothelium by a process called what

Answer 21

diapedesis

Question 22

the process by which neutrophils and other cells are attached by inflammatory chemicals

Answer 22

chemotaxis

Question 23

plasma protein coating on the encapsulated microorganism, usually a specific antibody

Answer 23

opsonin

Question 24

what does opsonin allows the neutrophil to do

Answer 24

phagocytosis

Question 25

what is the coating process called of microorganism

Answer 25

opsonization

Question 26

what can neutrophils do to microorganisms

Answer 26

phagocytize or engulf

Question 27

the pouch created when the cell membrane of the neutrophil encloses the bacteria

Answer 27

phagosome

Question 28

cytoplasmic granules move closer to the edge of the phagosome and fuse with what

Answer 28

the membrane

Question 29

the cytoplasmic granules released by the phagosome that kill the bacteria

Answer 29

lysosomal enzymes

Question 30

named for red granules in the cytoplasm of mature cells

Answer 30

eosinophils

Question 31

eosinophils have what kind of nucleus

Answer 31

bilobed or two lobed

Question 32

eosinophils are slightly later than what

Answer 32

neutrophils

Question 33

where are eosinophils produced

Answer 33

bone marrow

Question 34

how long do eosinophils stay in circulation, before they migrate into tissues

Answer 34

3 to 8 hours

Question 35

increased number of eosinophils in peripheral blood

Answer 35

eosinophilia

Question 36

decreased number of eosinophils in peripheral blood

Answer 36

eosinopenia

Question 37

three key functions associated with eosinophils

Answer 37

inflammatory response - allergic reactions immunity - antigen/antibody complexes phagocytosis - toxic to protozoa and some parasitic worms

Question 38

least common leukocyte and constitute less that 1% of WBC

Answer 38

basophils

Question 39

why is it hard to classify basophilia or basopenia for basophils

Answer 39

there are less than 1% circulating

Question 40

which WBC share some characteristics with mast cells since they both contain immunoglobin E

Answer 40

basophils

Question 41

the least phagocytic of the granulocytes

Answer 41

basophils

Question 42

granulocyte that contains histamine and heparin

Answer 42

basophils

Question 43

mature white blood cells that do not contain specific staining granules in their cytoplasm

Answer 43

agranulocytes

Question 44

what are the two agranulocytes

Answer 44

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 45

agranulocyte that live in lymphoid tissue and circulate between lymphoid tissue and blood

Answer 45

lymphocytes

Question 46

refers to the increase and decrease in the number of circulating lymphocytes

Answer 46

lymphocytosis and lymphocytopenia

Question 47

four main types of lymphocytes

Answer 47

T cells B cells Plasma cell Natural killer cells

Question 48

which lymphocyte cell transforms into plasma cells

Answer 48

B cells

Question 49

what do lymphocytes regulate

Answer 49

immune system

Question 50

T cells are processed where, before going to the peripheral lymphoid system

Answer 50

thymus

Question 51

T cells are responsible for what (no antibody production involved)

Answer 51

cell mediated immunity

Question 52

which cells activate B cells

Answer 52

T cells

Question 53

what are most lymphocytes in peripheral blood

Answer 53

T cells

Question 54

where do inactive B cells travel through

Answer 54

lymph nodes, spleen and other lymphoid structures

Question 55

B cells rarely circulate where

Answer 55

peripheral blood

Question 56

what are B cells ultimately responsible for (antibody production is involved)

Answer 56

humoral immunity

Question 57

each B cell is preprogrammed to produce only one specific _____ type against one specific _____

Answer 57

antibody antigen

Question 58

On the cell surface, the B cell has thousands of ______ shaped to fit only one antigen shape

Answer 58

receptors

Question 59

When a B cell recognizes an antigen, they transform into what, that release antibodies

Answer 59

plasma cells

Question 60

plasma cells are derived from what

Answer 60

B cells

Question 61

plasma cells produce, store and release what, that are also known as immunoglobulins

Answer 61

antibodies

Question 62

what kind of tissues are plasma cells most numerous in

Answer 62

tissues engaged in antibody formation (ex. lymph nodes, spleen)

Question 63

which lymphocytes are rarely found in peripheral blood

Answer 63

plasma cells

Question 64

lymphocytes that are able to identify and kill virus infected cells, stressed cells and tumor cells

Answer 64

natural killer cells

Question 65

natural killer cells do not do what to target cells

Answer 65

ingest (no phagocytosis)

Question 66

Lymphocyte that binds to cells and leads to cell death (lysis)

Answer 66

natural killer cells

Question 67

programmed cell death

Answer 67

apoptosis

Question 68

which lymphocytes can become memory cells (clones of original lymphocyte)

Answer 68

T and B cells

Question 69

when T and B cells act as memory cells, they don't participate in initial immune response to a specific antigen but wait for what - a quicker and great magnitude that initial immune response

Answer 69

a second exposure to the same antigen

Question 70

largest (size) WBC in circulation

Answer 70

monocytes

Question 71

monocytes contain what in varying sizes

Answer 71

vacuoles

Question 72

refers to an increase and decrease in number of circulating monocytes

Answer 72

monocytosis monocytopenia

Question 73

agranulocytes that participate in inflammatory response

Answer 73

monocytes

Question 74

how long can monocytes live

Answer 74

100 days

Question 75

what do monocytes become when they enter tissues

Answer 75

macrophages

Question 76

tissue macrophages and monocytes are known as what

Answer 76

mononuclear phagocyte system

Question 77

monocytes clean up debris and remain after what

Answer 77

an infection/inflammation clears up

Question 78

agranulocyte that processes and ingests antigens

Answer 78

monocytes