Whitechapel

Question 1

problems with housing

Answer 1

overcrowded -> 188.6 people per acre
rookeries -> lodging/doss houses -> 4d for a night
back-to-back houses

Question 2

define rookeries

Answer 2

areas filled with lodging houses
overcrowded
poor sanitation

Question 3

what were lodging/doss houses?

Answer 3

pay 4d for a bed for the night

Question 4

attempts to improve housing?

Answer 4

metropolitan board of works -> bought areas in south of whitechapel for clum clearance
area bought -> sold to peabody trust -> built better flats
flats -> were too expensive for some

Question 5

describe work houses

Answer 5

for those who couldn’t afford doss houses
or too young/old to work, disabled, unmarried mums
families split up
v. strict rules, basic food/dorms -> separate for genders
infirmary for sick
casual ward for the able

Question 6

describe employment

Answer 6

many worked at the docks, sailors or building railways
immigrant jews worked in workshops/sweatshops
the shops had bad conditions + pay

Question 7

link between environment + crime

Answer 7

dark, overcrowded streets made crime easy
narrow alleyways + rabbits warren streets made it easy to escape police
low income -> stealing to avoid workhouse
unreliable work -> got drunk at pubs, violent behaviour
overcrowding -> tension between residents (brits vs. foreign)
prostitution -> violence towards women

Question 8

describe the fluctuating population

Answer 8

people came to and left the area regularly as most accommodation was temporary -> no sense of community
people didn’t know their neighbours + mistrusted newcomers
caused suspicion/tension

Question 9

immigration tension

Answer 9

immigrants dressed differently + looked different
spoke polish/russian/yiddish
lived in different communities -> tension/mistrust

Question 10

jewish immigration

Answer 10

pogroms + discrimination pushed jews out of poland/russia
came to britain
treated better here

Question 11

define a pogrom

Answer 11

a massacre (to kill an ethnic group)

Question 12

socialism + anarchism

Answer 12

socialists -> want more power for working people
anarchists -> want society without govt./hierarchy
both popular ideas -> esp. amongst immigrants
1848 -> wave of revolution attempts across europe

Question 13

when did peabody estate open?

Answer 13

1881

reasonable rent

Question 14

what happened to young orphans in workhouses from 1880?

Answer 14

cared for in banardo’s homes

better conditions

Question 15

why was there high unemployment?

Answer 15

economic depression

few jobs available to women -> turned to prostitution

Question 16

conditions for those with jobs

Answer 16

long hours

cramped/dirty conditions

Question 17

what was better about working on railways or docks?

also the -ves?

Answer 17

better pay

employees needed varied from time to time so weekly income fluctuated

Question 18

describe irish immigrants

Answer 18

many left for USA in 1840s -> ended up in london
poor -> worked as labourers or dockers
reputation -> drunk + violent, terrorism -> fenians

Question 19

what was happening in europe over 1848?

Answer 19

wave of revolutions
revolutionaries ended up in east london
middle/upper class scared
attracted support in whitechapel

Question 20

why were immigrants feared?

Answer 20

foreign accent -> suspected violent revolutionary

foreigners blamed for cime e.g. jack the ripper murders

Question 21

organisation of policing

Answer 21

whitechapel in H division

police station based on lenman street

Question 22

how did H division officers patrol?

Answer 22

given set route
on look-out -/. stopped to question people
regularly reported to sergeant -> recorded in diary

Question 23

attitudes towards police

Answer 23

locals mistrusted police
seen as a part of the govt.
believed to not care for working class people
so few people co-operated with investigations
police constables attacked frequently

Question 24

issues with policing

Answer 24

pg.28

Question 25

causes of crime

Answer 25

poverty made ppl desperate tensions between communities -> race gang violence political demonstrations/strikes got out of hand

Question 26

vigilance comittee

Answer 26

set up by george lusk thought police didnt do enough to catch jsck the ripper hired 2 prv detectives sent letters to media

Question 27

developments in detective policing

Answer 27

``` *police code* photographs sketches autopsy interviews following up clues witness statements mug shots criminal profiles ```

Question 28

metropolitan vs city police

Answer 28

city of london police didnt communicate well with met. | explains the night of the double murder

Question 29

police recruits

Answer 29

from countryside -> seen as fitter/stronger 31% by 1874 weren't familiar with london streets

Question 30

explain beats

Answer 30

walk a set route 30 mins several times a day officers rotated once a month alone -> in pairs in H division

Question 31

CID development

Answer 31

set up in 1842 conducted criminal investigations followed suspects in plain clothes 1877 -> a trial found many detectives guilty of taking bribes

Question 32

1877 trial?

Answer 32

corruption | detectives took bribes

Question 33

home sec. + charles warren

Answer 33

home sec. henry mathews disliked warren and blamed him for not fining jack the ripper warren resigned in 1888

Question 34

who was the home sec.?

Answer 34

henry mathews

Question 35

who was chief commissioner until 1888?

Answer 35

charles warren

Question 36

attitudes towards police

Answer 36

rich trusted them poor/immigrants didn't criticised for not catching jack the ripper

Question 37

key sources

Answer 37

census (every 10 yrs) police/court/housing/employment/workhouse records newspapers coroner's reports