Why Are Coastal Landscapes Different And What Processes Cause These Differnces

Question 1

Valentines model to classify coastlines

Answer 1

Submerging CL= higher energy, softer rock, crumbling cliff, retreating CL

Emerging CL= low energy, deposition e.g. coastal plains which include sand dunes and salt marshes

Question 2

Wider coastal zone= littoral zone

Answer 2

Back shore= cliffs at top of beach
Nearshore= breaking waves and intertidal zone between low and high tide mark
Offshore= always submerged in water and less action of wave but certainly there will be actions of current and littoral drift

Question 3

Why might faulting and weakness of rock (geological structure) cause erosion

Answer 3

The weakness of the rock may be susceptible to erosion, weathering and mass movement

Question 4

What is concordant CL

Answer 4

Rocks r parallel to shore

Question 5

Dalmatian CL of the coast of Croatia

Answer 5

Submerging CL= long off islands which were shaped by tectonic activity and then flooded by sea level change

Question 6

Haff coastline

Answer 6

Emerging CL= in Northern Europe which r depositional sandbars and lagoons which form off the coasts

Question 7

Discordant CL

Answer 7

Rocks r angled towards the shore e.g. features like headlands and bays
Headlands= hard rock protruding out to sea
Bays= easily eroded soft rock forming inlets often deposition forming in them, creating beaches e.g. on the easterly facing side of swanage bay

Question 8

What does recession of the coast relate to

Answer 8

Lithology
Erosional energy
Wave type
Transport
Mass movement/ weathering

Question 9

Lithology meaning

Answer 9

Characteristics of the individual rock types

E.g. igneous and metamorphic rocks r slow to erode
Unconsolidated rock type, not bounded together , they will have faster erosion rate in high wave energy e.g. clays and soils often deposited by the glaciers of the last ice age along the Holderness coast

Question 10

Permeability

Answer 10

Whether the water can travel thru the rocks or get trapped in the rock
Important as it can link to lubrication for forms of mass movement, weathering which can impact recession rates of CL

Question 11

Formation of coastal plains, depositonal landforms (sand dunes)

Answer 11

Vegetation build up at the high tide line, the wind and the Ariel processes will slowly cover this w sand. As the vegetation starts to decay, it would put nutrients into the soil and within the psammosere, where plant succession occurs, pioneer plants colonise and succeed the area e.g. marram grass (xerophytes), which can cope with dry and salty conditions. Overtime marram grass will trap more sand and build up the beach, advancing out t sea, creating a new high tide line leading to more deposition of dead plant material and the sand dune starts to build again

Question 12

Formation of salt marshes

Answer 12

Form behind spits and created by the building up of river sediment as it flows out and then is deposited in the more sheltered area which lead to the halosere, where halophytes (the pioneers species) are able to be submerged under the salty water for most of the day. As the halophytes start to grow, they can trap more and more sediment until the mudflats grow higher and higher, so they become less submerged by water which allows for more plant succession

Question 13

Adv of salt marsh and sand dunes

Answer 13

Good cuz they can respond to sea level change= sand dunes and salt marsh can both grow and be able to adapt but cuz they r uncosoliated material, they r susceptible to storm damage and human actions