Why Are There So Many Angiosperms?

Question 1

What percentage of embryophytes are angiosperms?

Answer 1

89.4%

Question 2

Embryophytes are also known as

Answer 2

Land plants

Question 3

Secondary thickening

Answer 3

Formation of a new tissue by division of cells in the cambium of a woody plant that increases the girth of the stem or root.

Question 4

Girth

Answer 4

The distance round the trunk (measured perpendicular to axis of tree)

Question 5

Cambium

Answer 5

Tissue layer in plants that provides partially undifferentiated cells for plant growth

Between the xylem and the phloem

Question 6

Smallest flowering plant in the world

Answer 6

Wolfia (duckweed)

Question 7

Largest flowering plant in th world

Answer 7

Eucalyptus regnans

Question 8

What type of trait is secondary thickening

Answer 8

Polyphyletic

Question 9

Why is secondary thickening an advantage for angiosperms?

Answer 9

Secondary thickening enables diversity of size in angiosperms

Question 10

Worlds largest flower

Answer 10

Rafflesia up to 1m diameter

Question 11

Dry fruit

Answer 11

Entire pericarp becomes dry at maturity

Question 12

Fleshy fruit

Answer 12

Pericarp and accessory parts develop in succulent tissues

Question 13

Dehiscent fruit

Answer 13

Fruits that split open at maturity to release seeds

Question 14

Indéhiscent fruits

Answer 14

Fruits dont split open to release seeds at maturity

Question 15

Synocarpy fruits

Answer 15

Carpels of flower are joined together

Question 16

Apocarpy fruits

Answer 16

Carpels of flower not joined together

Question 17

False ‘accessory’ fruits

Answer 17

Fruit where some of the flesh isn’t derived from the floral ovary (isn’t from an adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel)

Question 18

What does the angiosperm carpel and associated flower parts allow

Answer 18

Formation of a diverse range of fruit types

Question 19

Epiphyte

Answer 19

Any plant that grows on another plant or object just for physical support

Question 20

Climber plant

Answer 20

Growth habit of scandent stem (tendency to climb) or trailing

Question 21

Succulent plants

Answer 21

Thickened and fleshy plants usually to retain water

Question 22

Ephemerals

Answer 22

Plants with a. Short life cycle for example Arabidopsis Thalia which is a desert ephemeral.

Question 23

Annual plant

Answer 23

Competes it’s lifecycle from germination to seed production within one growing season

Question 24

Biennial plant

Answer 24

Takes two years to complete its life cycle

Question 25

Perennial plants

Answer 25

Plants that live >2 years

Question 26

What is plant habit

Answer 26

Term to define a plants overall shape and form

Question 27

7 angiosperm habits

Answer 27

Mainly: Trees Shrubs Herbs Other types: Epiphytes Climbers/lianas Switch plants Succulent

Question 28

Angiosperm ecology

Answer 28

Terrestrial | aquatic

Question 29

Angiosperm life cycle types

Answer 29

Annual Ephemeral Biennual Perennial

Question 30

Angiosperm underground storage organs

Answer 30

Bulbs Corms Rhizosomes

Question 31

Angiosperm success

Answer 31

Significant species number compared to other plant groups Morphologically diverse Habit and life history diversity Ecologically diverse Co exist in high diversity assemblages relative to other plant groups

Question 32

Entomophily

Answer 32

Pollination of plants by insect

Question 33

Example of wind pollinated gymnosperm

Answer 33

Conifer

Question 34

What does entomophily do?

Answer 34

Decreases extinction rates by maintaining gene flow in small populations and therefore aiding survival

Question 35

4 major groups of gymnosperms

Answer 35

Conifers Gnetales Cycads Ginkgo

Question 36

4 reasons for angiosperm success

Answer 36

1. Entomophily 2. The carpel 3. Faster life history 4. Ecological opportunity 5. The fruit

Question 37

What could differences in two sister lineages be due to?

Answer 37

Stochasticity

Question 38

Synnovation

Answer 38

Many innovations traits

Question 39

Confluence

Answer 39

Agreement between external factor and synnovational traits

Question 40

What is synnovation and confluence?

Answer 40

A recent framework that provides a nuanced approach into understanding intrinsic and extrinsic features and how they may combine to promote increased rates of diversification