why has migration become increasingly complex?

Question 1

how has economic globalisation affected migration

Answer 1

• FDIs, trade blocs and multinational companies increase demand for labour and global mobility
• new host countries emerging eg:
  1. Gulf States (UAE, Qatar, KSA) recruit low-skilled labour from India, Pakistan, Philippines.

2. USA and Canada attract highly skilled migrants from Brazil, China, and India.

Question 2

new and changing corridors

Answer 2

• Bangladesh → India: World’s largest bilateral corridor (~3.3 million)
• Myanmar → Thailand: 1.9 million migrants
• Ukraine → Poland: 3.5 million refugees since 2022
• South-South flows are now equal in size to South-North

Question 3

syria conflict

Answer 3

• 2011 civil war
• 14mill+ forcefully displaced
• more than 6 million syrian refugees living in neighbouring countries eg Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq
• simce Assad regime in dec 2024 - more returning movement - over 1 mill returned home

Question 4

urkrain conflcit

Answer 4

• russia invaded kuraine feb 2022 –> europes largest refugee crisis isnce WW1 - nearly 7 mill refugees across europe by 2025
• approx 8 mill internally displaced
• most fled west to neighbouring countries - Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania
• most women and kids bc most ben 118-60 are banned from leaving ukraine

Question 5

palestine-israel conflcit

Answer 5

• 7 mill palestinians displaced worldwide
• Gaza 2023 - caused massive displacement - 1.9 mill ppl from its 2.1 population due to Israeli military operations after Hamas attacks
• 50k+ palestinians killed with ongoing humanitarian aid neeeded
• irrgular migration patterns affecting Palestinians, Syrians, and Lebanese, with cross-border displacement between Lebanon and Syria adding complexity