why nations fail Flashcards
(255 cards)
1
Q
Dire poverty
A
ужасный, terrible, dismal, abject (ˈdaɪər)
2
Q
Death, taxes, and the laws of physics are immutable
This decision should not be seen as immutable
A
unchangeable, rigid, permanent, entrenched (ɪnˈtrentʃ), abiding (əˈbaɪdɪŋ) (ɪˈmjuːtəbl)
3
Q
coerce the population into
A
заставлять, принуждать, force
4
Q
till the soil
A
возделывать
5
Q
plunder
A
воровство, грабить, разорять
6
Q
subdue opposition
A
suppress, extinguish,подавлять, починять
7
Q
pernicious influence of the mass media
A
devastating, nefarious, разрушительный, разорительный
8
Q
Disparate
A
несравнимый, несоизмеримый
9
Q
Hazard to say
A
отважиться сказать
10
Q
Descendant
A
потомок
11
Q
Germ
A
микроб
12
Q
government ineptitude
A
неумение, непригодность
13
Q
Public amenities
A
удовольствия, удобства
14
Q
tormentor
A
мучитель
15
Q
consent to smth
A
соглашаться, давать разрешение на, assent to
16
Q
Inimical to
A
adverse, hostile
17
Q
this may jeopardize investments
A
threaten, подвергать опасности
18
Q
deficient
A
недостаточный, не отвечающий требованиям, flawed
19
Q
vanquish
A
subdue, conquer, surmount
20
Q
intrepid explorer
A
fearless
21
Q
subsistence (level)
A
существование, the state of having just enough money or food to stay alive
22
Q
onerous duty/task
A
burdensome, arduous, cumbersome, тягостный, обременительный
23
Q
abolish
A
abrogate, repeal, rescind
24
Q
retinue
A
свита, эскорт
25
decease
гибель, смерть
26
concur with smb in smth
to agree, relent, acquiesce (ˌækwiˈes) (kənˈkɜːr)
27
perilous adventure
hazardous, very dangerous
28
lust for power/her
вожделение, страсть
29
lay a trap
установить ловушку
30
What transpired next
happen, reveal
31
succumb to despair
поддаться чему-то, стать жертвой чего-то
32
besiege
осаждать
33
abrogate a law
abolish, repeal
34
secession from a union
выход из союза
35
incumbent
official, лицо, занимающее какую-то должность,
36
entreat to do smth
beg, beseech, exhort, supplicate
37
she pleaded with him not to
beg, entreat, beseech, supplicate
38
plead
защищать подсудимого
39
cajole smb into
упрашивать, склонять лестью, entice
40
depose
overthrow, сместить с должности
41
disgruntle
annoy, displease
42
crony
закадычный друг
43
coercion
принуждение, насилие
44
dismantle
разбирать по частям
45
rage
ярость, гнев, ire (ˈaɪər), wrath (ræθ)
46
usurp
узурпировать
47
formidable obstacle, opponent
dangerous, intimidating, menacing вызывающий опасения, грозный, пугающий
48
stem from
derive from
49
opinions diverge greatly (from)
differ
50
abortive attempt
неудачный, futile, idle
51
fierce competition
ferocious (fəˈrəʊʃəs), cruel, ruthless, savage, aggressive or violent (fɪrs)
52
fudge
чушь, выдумка, подделывать, фальсифицировать
53
concede
surrender, give up, relinquish, to admit that something is true, logical
54
the country was mired in instability/recession
завязнуть (в болоте)
55
resort to
прибегать к чему-то
56
to render something harmless/useless/ineffective
make, приводить в какое-то состояние
57
rout
debacle, отступление, бегство, разгром
58
akin to
similar to
59
elude all but
avoid, escape
60
malfeasance
преступление, совершенное официальным лицом
61
inculcate propaganda, ideas in smb
| inculcate a sense of responsibility in somebody
instil, impart, imbue, engender (ɪnˈdʒendər) внушить (ɪnˈkʌlkeɪt)
62
lamentable quality
calamitous, dire
63
augment power, income
increase
64
аlas
увы
65
spurious impression, argument
false
66
venerable old man
многоуважаемый, почтенный
67
advent of new technology
the coming of an important event, person, invention
68
abject poverty, failure
dire, dismal
69
grapple with famine, air pollution
contend with, handle, tackle a problem, fight with,
70
wedge between the affluent and the impecunious
penniless, poor, impoverished (ɪmˈpɑːvərɪʃt), destitute (ˈdestɪtuːt) (ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs)
71
stunt possibilities
squelch (skweltʃ), impede, hamper, hinder, stifle (ˈstaɪfl), thwart (θwɔːrt), curb, inhibit (ˈhɑːbl), cramp (kræmp)
72
mutiny
riot, revolt, insurrection
73
espouse democratic principles
embrace, uphold a belief, policy
74
whiff of smth (profit, danger)
a mere amount, дуновение
75
sprinkling of smth
a small amount of a substance that is dropped somewhere
76
sparsely settled
редко населенный
77
renege on promise/deal/contract
break
78
eagerly adopted
passionate, fervently (ˈfɜːrvənt), fervidly (ˈfɜːrvɪd), fiercely (fɪrs), ardently (ˈɑːrdnt), earnestly (ˈɜːrnɪst), zealously (ˈzeləs) vehemently (ˈviːəmənt)
79
sordid details, conditions
nasty, грязные, низменные
80
vigorous contender
active, сильный, энергичный соперник
81
Supposedly
согласно общему мнению
82
counterpart
дубликат, человек на той же должности
83
relinquish power
give smth up, cede, abdicate, surender
84
dither over something
hesitate, falter (ˈfɔːltər), wobble on (ˈwɑːbl), waver on/about/between (ˈweɪvər), demur at (dɪˈmɜːr), vacillate between (ˈvæsəleɪt), scruple about (ˈskruːpl) (ˈdɪðər)
85
under the auspices of
протекция, покровительство
86
tenant
владелец, арендатор
87
languish
dwindle, wither, слабеть, терять силы, unravel
88
anxiety to
страстное желание чего-то, lust for
89
anxiety
nervousness, беспокойство
90
profligate
распутный, развратный
91
confine
граница, constrain, restrain, hinder, restrict
92
delve into past, history
to try hard to find out more information
93
impede growth
hinder, hamper
94
hamper growth
impede, hinder
95
mounting poverty, concern, tension
increasing
96
artisans
Ремесленник, мелкий производитель
97
ire
гнев, rage, wrath (ræθ) (ˈaɪər)
98
disrupt
разрушать, подрывать
99
incidence
сфера действия
100
impeccable manners, logic
unblemished, immaculate, безупречный, flawless
101
appalling evil
dreadful, ужасающее зло
102
infallible
flawless, безошибочный, impeccable
103
dwindle from to
abate, decline, decrease
104
perish
succumb, гибнуть, crumble
105
encroach on freedom, privacy
вторгаться, intrude on, infringe on, impinge on
106
We don’t use gimmicks to sell our products
| The promise of lower taxation was an election gimmick
stratagem (ˈstrætədʒəm), contrivance (kənˈtraɪvəns), ploy (plɔɪ), scheme (skiːm), plot, trick (ˈɡɪmɪk)
107
pertains to situations where
to be appropriate
108
deception
fraud, deceit
109
The emergency call turned out to be a hoax
| He hoaxed us by sending a friend instead of coming himself
deception, prank, ruse (ruːz), dupe (duːp); deceive, dupe (duːp) (həʊks)
110
egregious behaviour, error
extremely bad, nefarious, atrocious
111
gruesome conditions, murder
appalling, horrific, terrifying, отвратительный
112
savagely exploited
варварски, жесткого использовали
113
endow smth
bestow, empower, спонсировать, обеспечивать доходом
114
portent of
omen, знамение, harbinger
115
unavailing
barren, idle, fruitless
116
impending danger/disaster
надвигающаяся, imminent, looming
117
impel the engines of prosperity
приводить в движение
118
The battle had reached a crucial juncture
| At this juncture, we must decide whether to go ahead with war or to try to solve things diplomatically
critical point, crossroads, landmark, turning point, watershed, milestone (ˈdʒʌŋktʃər)
119
vicious circle
порочный, злой, nefarious, atrocious
120
hinge on
depend on smth completely
121
anvil
наковальня
122
vie with smb for smth
to compete
123
embolden smb to do smth
encourage, spur, inspire
124
Against all the odds
не смотря ни на что
125
meagre incentives
insignificant, paltry (ˈpɔːltri), derisory (dɪˈraɪsəri), negligible(ˈneɡlɪdʒəbl), scant (skænt), mere (mɪr) (ˈmiːɡər)
small in quantity and poor in quality
126
We strode across the field
to walk with long steps in a particular direction
127
differences amplified
increase something in strength, especially sound
128
a modicum of progress, control
mere amount
129
susceptible to challenge
very likely to be affected by something
130
thwart somebody’s plans
to prevent, circumvent (расстаивать планы), foil
131
growth spurt
a sudden increase in speed, effort for a short period of time
132
consequences were calamitous
disastrous, pernicious, lamentable, devastating
133
banish to Siberia
ссылать
134
fiat
декрет
135
inception
the start of an institution, an organization
136
reminiscent of
reminding of smth
137
in/during the reign of Charles II
правление
138
basking in the warm sunshine
sunbathe, relax, enjoy
139
herding
скотоводство
140
compelling piece of evidence
strong, fascinating
141
compelling need/desire
so strong that you must do something about it
142
preponderance
prevalence (ˈprevələns) (prɪˈpɑːndərəns)
143
auspicious start, meeting
promising
144
unravel the mystery, system
раскрыть, распутать, languish
145
deface
demolish, destroy
146
breakneck pace of economic growth
extremely fast
147
fortuitous combination of circumstances
fortunate, odd, arbitrary
148
amend rules
improve (о законе, правилах)
149
on the brink of
on the edge of, about to
150
pit someone against others
стравливать
151
massive influx of visitors/wealth
inflow
152
to thank the Lord for his bounty
| the bounties of nature
generous actions, abundance, copiousness; reward (ˈbaʊnti)
153
incessant war
ceaseless (ˈsiːsləs), infinite (ˈɪnfɪnət), eternal (ɪˈtɜːrnl), interminable (ɪnˈtɜːrmɪnəbl), constant, endless (ɪnˈsesnt)
154
ferocious enemy, storm, attak
cruel, fierce (fɪrs), ruthless, savage, aggressive or violent
155
flood/quake/war ravaged country
damage, havoc, devastate
156
mutilate
калечить
157
claimant to the throne
пертендент, получающий пособие
158
staunch the flow of blood/illigal import
to stop the flow of something, especially blood
159
precipitate economic decline
accelerate, expedite, trigger
160
this precipitated the country into war
suddenly force somebody/something into a particular state or condition
161
economy, courage is beginning to falter
to become weaker or less effective; hesitate, wobble on (ˈwɑːbl), waver on/about/between (ˈweɪvər), demur at (dɪˈmɜːr), dither over (ˈdɪðər), vacillate between (ˈvæsəleɪt), scruple about (ˈskruːpl) (ˈfɔːltər)
162
waver (between A and B) on/over
hesitate, falter (ˈfɔːltər), wobble on (ˈwɑːbl), demur at (dɪˈmɜːr), dither over (ˈdɪðər), vacillate between (ˈvæsəleɪt), scruple about (ˈskruːpl)
163
contender
rival
164
insurrection
mutiny, riot, revolt
165
aspire to a scientific career
стремиться к чему-то
166
assent to
consent to, approve smth
167
put/impose a levy on oil imports, levy fines
сбор, взимание налогов
168
infringe a law (on a right)
Run afoul of, break, посягать на (impinge on, encroach on)
169
deem smth valuable
consider
170
frantic attempts, struggle
furious, done quickly and with a lot of activity, but in a way that is not very well organized
171
area, point of contention
dispute, раздор, struggle
172
This impinges on my rights as an individual
| He never allowed his work to impinge on his private life
Have a noticeable bad effect on smth/smb; encroach on (ɪnˈkrəʊtʃ), infringe on, intrude on, make inroads on, trespass on (ɪmˈpɪndʒ)
173
locus
he exact place where something happens or which is thought to be the centre of something
174
tamper with
interfere with, изменять без разрешения
175
exempt form the ban, tax, exam
exclude, not affected by it, do not have to do it, pay it
176
amass
accumulate
177
strive for, against, to do
to try very hard to achieve something, endeavor, conted with
178
the car was impounded by the police
confiscate, imprison, seize
179
died a pauper
умер бедняком
180
repeal
abolish, abrogate, rescind
181
unveil
reveal
182
hedge with restraints, doubt
surround or limit, fence
183
perpetuate injustice, power
to make something such as a bad situation, a belief, etc. continue for a long time
184
usher
швейцар, консьерж
185
coffer
сундук, ящик
186
insidious effects of pollution
spreading gradually or without being noticed, but causing serious harm
187
circumscribe
restrict, limit freedom, rights, power
188
ameliorate situation, problem, conditions
improve, alleviate, mitigate
189
She was afraid lest she had revealed too much
как бы не
190
public flogging
whip, chastise smb for smth (tʃæˈstaɪz), scourge (skɜːrdʒ);
| flail (fleɪl), thrash (flɑːɡ)
191
destitute
penniless, poor, impoverished (ɪmˈpɑːvərɪʃt), impecunious (ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs) (ˈdestɪtuːt)
192
They seem destitute of ordinary human feelings
lacking, deprived of (ˈdestɪtuːt)
193
perfect specimen of absolutism
образец
194
remit a fine, a prison sentence
cancel, exonerate, postpone
195
subtle changes
едва различимый, not very noticeable or obvious, tenuous
196
amalgamate into (with) British Empire
merge
197
discretion
свобода действий
198
the children were left to fend for themselves
to take care of yourself without help from anyone else
199
a long-running feud between the two artists over money
| He has been feuding with his brother for years.
be engaged in a prolonged and bitter quarrel or dispute;
| quarrel, bicker, squabble (fjuːd)
200
stiff resistance
rigid, solid, stark
201
vibrant
full of life and energy, active, vigorous
202
decimate people, plants, animals, economic prospects
slaughter, wipe out, exterminate
203
The storm wrought havoc, the century wrought major changes in our society
ushered in, caused something to happen (rɔːt)
204
havoc
disruption, ravages, опустошение
205
bear the brunt of
receive the main force of something unpleasant
206
rigid
Stiff, hard, unbending; strict, rigorous
207
sinister
зловещий
208
They offered us a derisory £50 a week.
laughable, insignificant, paltry (ˈpɔːltri), meagre (ˈmiːɡər), negligible(ˈneɡlɪdʒəbl), scant (skænt), mere (mɪr) (dɪˈraɪsəri)
209
evict from
выселять
210
to little/no avail
безуспешно (выгода, польза)
211
vest power in( something in somebody)
to give somebody the legal right or power to do something
212
suffrage
право голоса
213
derogation
пренебрежительное отношение, scorn, disparagement
214
vestige of serfdom
остаток
215
circumspect
cautious, бдительный, осторожный
216
of little/no avail
useless
217
disguise somebody as somebody/something
маскировать, conceal, hide (dɪsˈɡaɪz)
218
prey on
охотиться, использовать в корыстных целях
219
encroachments on human rights
intrusion
220
wrath
extreme anger, rage, ire (ˈaɪər) (ræθ)
221
aiding and abetting the crime, the robbers
instigate to do smth illegal
222
jury acquitted him of murder
absolve. exonerate, оправдывать
223
contend with economic fallout of the brexit
deal with a problem or with a difficult situation or person
224
edifice
large impressive building
225
cling to power, hope
держаться, adhere, grasp
226
unscrupulous
unprincipled, dishonest, ruthless (ʌnˈskruːpjələs)
227
intimidate smb into smth/into doing smth
frighten or threaten
228
dilapidated
в упадке, разрушенный, decaying,
229
a letter purportedly written by Mozart
supposedly
230
vagrant
vagabond
231
The meeting is scheduled to commence at noon
to start happening
232
upheaval, period of emotional upheaval
disruption, big change that causes a lot of confusion, worry and problems
233
enticement
bait, inducement
234
demise
collapse, end or failure of an institution, an idea, a company, death
235
ruthless dictator
cruel, ferocious, merciless
236
enshrine rights
to make a law, right, etc. respected or official
237
racist ideas under the guise of nationalism
semblance (ˈsembləns), veneer (vəˈnɪr), pretence (ˈpriːtens), appearance (ɡaɪz) личина, маска
238
herald a new era
be a sign that something is going to happen
239
let's look at another facet of the problem
a particular part or aspect of something
240
precipitate something
accelerate, make smth bad happen suddenly or sooner
241
mar smth
damage or spoil something good
242
Insurgency
rebellion, mutiny, revolt
243
ransom
выкуп
244
repudiate a suggestion
to refuse to accept something, reject, dismiss, abjured
245
perplex smb
puzzle, bewilder
246
abhor cruelty, corruption
detest, loathe, hate
247
conceivably
possibly
248
calamitous famine
disastrous, devastating, pernicious, lamentable
249
propitious time, circumstances
benign, auspicious, благоприятный, благосклонный (prəˈpɪʃəs)
250
He had long coveted the chance to work with a famous musician
lust after, fancy smth, yearn for (jɜːrn), crave for
| envy, begrudge (bɪˈɡrʌdʒ) (ˈkʌvət)
251
rapacious
greedy, voratious
252
hector somebody
bully, intimidate (ˈhektər)
253
craven
coward, трус
254
He was publicly flogged for breaking the law
| She flogged her guitar to another student
lash (læʃ), whip, castigate for (ˈkæstɪɡeɪt), chastise for (tʃæˈstaɪz), lambaste (læmˈbeɪst), trounce; sell (flɑːɡ)
255
payment will be remitted to you in full
send money
