Why was the national party victorious in 1948? Flashcards
(11 cards)
In 1938, on the eve of WW2, how were Afrikaner votes split?
What did Hertzog do in 1939, when parliament voted to support the British war effort?
Almost equally between the NP-Malan and UP-Smuts and Hertzog
He resigned from the UP
When did the Broederbond come about?
What does Broederbond mean?
Who were they?
What ideological direction did they provide?
What did the Broederbond initiate?
After 1939
“Band of Brothers”
A society of carefully chosen, Afrikaner, white men
One in favour of a Christian, nationalist, republican outlook
An Economic Movement to promote Afrikaner business.
What church did most Afrikaners attend?
What did these churches support the idea of?
What did they believe about God’s plan?
What did this mean for “segregation”?
What was a key concern for many voters in 1948?
The Calvinist Dutch Reformed Churches.
An autonomous (self-governing) volk.
That black and white people played separate parts in it.
It needed to be maintained/ strengthened.
Inter-marrying between races.
Why did many Afrikaners not want to fight in WW2? What sympathies did some of them have?
What was the name, and meaning, of the mass Afrikaner anti-war movement?
How many members did it have at its peak?
What did they wear and do?
What did critics compare them to?
What party did most of them join after the war?
Did not want to fight for the British Empire, fascist sympathies
the Ossewabrandwag (Ox Wagon Guard)
300,000
They wore uniform, staged mass rallies.
Nazis.
Join Malan’s National Party
South Africa’s pre-WW2 segregationalist policies were not so different from other countries. Name an example of another country’s segregational laws.
Southern American Jim Crow laws
The legacy of what WW2 event led major powers to be more concerned with universal human rights?
How did South Africa’s policies compare?
The Holocaust.
They were very controversial.
Where did white South Africans find international sympathy in the 1940s and 1950s, being convinced that they stood for Western, Christian and anti-communist values?
States in Southern USA, where segregation still had its supporters.
What organisation did Smuts play a major role in after the allied victory over fascism (WW2)?
Despite having the racial attitudes of his Afrikaner peers, what did Smuts begin to introduce to the party?
Being pragmatic, what was Smuts prepared to facilitate for the economy?
What did his minister of healthadvocate the urgent expansion of?
The formation of the United Nations
Liberal policies
Black workers; if the industry needed them
Health services in the country (similar to the NHS), to serve both blacks and whites- though in segregated hospitals.
What term did Afrikaner nationalists use in order to play on increasing racism in the 1948 election?
What was the Afrikaner term for black flooding in the cities (which whites opposed due to job competition)?
Where did Malan’s National Party still have its major support and, how did he still play on the fear of black movement to the cities?
What else did nationalists stir fears of?
What did the national party accuse Smuts of?
Swart Gevaar (black danger)
Oorstrooming
The countryside, oorstrooming would lead to labour shortages
Sexual relations across the colour line
Being sympathetic to black people and failing to control these political dangers
Despite forces swinging in Malan’s favour, what percentage of the vote did Malan win in 1948?
What percentage of votes did Smuts’s UP win?
Where did Smuts win most of his votes?
What allowed Malan to win, how?
Which party did Malan join with to secure the win?
About 38%
49%
From many English speaking, urban seats
The voting system, he won small majorities in the rural constituencies which had fewer voters
the small Afrikaner party
Name three groups that Malan and his supporters saw as enemies
Name three things that were central to the NP supporters/that they were in favour of
Why could Afrikaners not see the injustice that they and the British caused black South Africans?
The British, Mining Capital (Backed the UP) and Smuts (he was Afrikaner who “worked for the British”)
Language and religion, a republic
They pictured themselves as bringing Christianity and civilisation to SA
