Wika & Lingguwistika

Question 1

“A language is a system of ___ ____ symbols by means of which a ____ ____ co-operates” - (____ & Trager 1942, p.5)

Answer 1

“A language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a social group co-operates” - (Bloch & Trager 1942, p.5)

Question 2

Who are involved when it comes to the arbitrariness of the sign

Answer 2

signified and signifier

Question 3

Meaning of arbitrariness of the sign

Answer 3

No definitive connection between one thing to another (signifier and signified)

Question 4

brain source of arbitrariness of the sign

Answer 4

Ferdinand de Saussure

Question 5

Ferdinand de Saussure
- years
- nationality/job
-book he wrote

Answer 5

• 1857 - 1913
• swiss scholar
• Cours de linguistique generale [Course in general linguistics] (1916)

Question 6

Significance of Course in general linguistics ni Ferdinand de Saussure

Answer 6

Naging pundasyon ng lingguwistika at semiotika

Question 7

T or F: HINDI lahat ng maituturing na wika ay binibigkas / sinasalita

Answer 7

T: Language doesn’t have to be spoken ex. Sign language

Question 8

Social Group theorists and their standpoints

Answer 8

• Noam Chomsky: Wika first then lipunan after (natural,innate, and instinctual)
• Daniel Everett: Society then Wika comes after (cultural, ultilitarian)

Question 9

Noam Chomsky or Daniel Everett?

Answer 9

I am personally more sold on Chomsky’s idea of Language forming first then society is formed after. Funnily enough, I was more convinced on Everett’s idea at first since at first glance, his point made more sense or was more plausible in my head. But him calling his standpoint “cultural” was what made me turn. Language is the basis of culture, culture cannot exist without language and vice versa. So when everett says that his take is “cultural” it is untrue in my eyes since being cultural entails language itself.

Question 10

People agree that language is a ___ system

explain

Answer 10

Creative system (linguistic creativity) meaning wika is not limited and there is not always a canned or same response for everything. That’s why literature whether it be bad or good exists. That’s why words can persuade and change my minds and enduce power.

Question 11

Enumerate the mga punto sa siyentipikong pag-aaral sa wika (GWPPUMI)

Answer 11

1. Generality
2. Wika & Diyalekto
3. Parity
4. Prescriptivism & descriptivism
5. Universality
6. Mutablility
7. Inaccessiblity

Question 12

Explain Generality

Answer 12

All languages has a system or grammar. Communication is not possible if there is no structure and grammar to languages.

Question 13

Explain the difference between language and dialect

Answer 13

If 2 speakers can understand each other = dialect

If 2 speakers do not understand each other = 2 languages

Question 14

Give examples of languages and dialects

Answer 14

Wika:
Tagalog, Binisaya, Odionganon, Ibanag, Minasbate, Hiligaynon, Cuyonon, Rinconada, Ilokano, Ninorte Samarnon, Chavacano, Kapampangan

Diyalekto:
Tagalog Bulacan, Tagalog Bataan, Tagalog Batangas, Tagalog Cavite, Tagalog Laguna, Binisaya sa Cebu, Binisaya sa Mindanao

Question 15

Why do you think lots of Filipinos are misinformed about the difference between Wika and Diyalekto

Answer 15

Saying “Philippine dialects”, “local dialects” etc. are a product of colonial experience. EXPOUND!

Question 16

Explain Parity

Answer 16

Language will always be enough for its speakers. We dictate language and so we cannot say that another language is a lower form. ex.: “vulgar”, “primitive”, “bastardized”. Language depends on us and we dictate its form.

It’s true that other languages may be more complex than some structure wise but language will always be enough for its native speakers.

Question 17

Difference between Prescriptivism and Descriptivism

Answer 17

Prescriptivism pertains to regulatory grammar rules while descriptivism pertains to constitutive grammar rules.

Lingguistics is a descriptive discipline. Inaaral dito ang natural na wika, sa natural na paggamit ng mga tao sa natural na sitwasyon.

Question 18

Explain Universality

Answer 18

Languages have commonalities among each others
ex. all languages on the plaent have more consonants than vowels

difference between genetality: universality - commonalities; generality - structure and grammar

Question 19

Explain Mutability

Answer 19

Ang gramatika ng wika ay nagbabago sa paglipas ng panahon

• lots of new words are added to the dictionary every year
• new trends like new ways to shorten words are brought about almost weekly
• what was used before may not be used currently and may be brought back in the future ot even not at all

Question 20

Explain Inaccessibility

Answer 20

The innerworkings or knowledge on the structure and grammar of a language cannot easily be explained by a native speaker

• lalo na yung Filipino language; there are words na mabago mo lang yung intonation or pronunciation iba na yung meaning