Wildlife Diseases and One Health Flashcards
(45 cards)
What is one health?
an interdisciplinary field that looks at human, animal, and ecosystem health
What causes the spread of infectious diseases into wildlife areas?
result of increasing population densities and agriculture and human settlements
What is the purpose of the National Wildlife Health Center?
to advance wildlife health science for the benefit of animals, humans, and the environment
What are branches of the National Wildlife Health Center?
- emerging wildlife diseases
- disease investigation services
- disease surveillance
- disease management tools
- Honolulu field station
What are some diseases the National Wildlife Health Center looks at (emerging wildlife diseases)?
- avian influenza
- chronic wasting disease
- Bsal
- white nose syndrome
What does the disease surveillance branch of the National Wildlife Health Center do?
- avian influenza surveillance
- Bsal surveillance
- White nose syndrome surveillance
What does the disease management tools branch of the National Wildlife Health Center do?
- disease ecology and modeling
- vaccines
- technology development and innovation
What does the Honolulu field station for the National Wildlife Health Center do?
- marine invertebrate diseases
- avian diseases
- sea turtle diseases
- fish health
What does the Disease investigation services of the National Wildlife Health Center do?
- report mortality events and submit specimens
- diagnostic services
- epidemiological services
What is Lyme disease?
a bacterial zoonotic disease
Scientific name of Lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
How does Lyme disease spread typically?
white-footed mouse -> tick -> human
Why is preventing Lyme disease in humans difficult?
no vaccine for humans, but one for mice
What is the proposed solution for Lyme disease?
- gene drive can potentially be used to alter mice so produce antibodies against Lyme bacterium
- use CRISPR gene-editing technology
- removal of vector (white footed mouse)
Why have genetic changes in past not been effective?
- persist in low frequency or go extinct after multiple generations
How does gene drive work?
- improve odds that gene will be inherited and spread through wild populations
- carry altered gene, drive, and RNA(?) telling where to cut
What are some fungal pathogens in herps?
- Batrachochytrium dendrobitidis (Bd)
- Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal)
- Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola (SFD)
What is Batrachochytrium dendrobitidis (Bd)?
Chytrid fungal disease in frogs and toads
What is Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal)?
Chytrid fungal disease found in salamanders
What is Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola (SFD)?
snake fungal disease
What can Batrachochytrium dendrobitidis (Bd) lead to?
amphibian chytridiomycosis by impairing cutaneous respiration and osmoregulation
How far spread if Batrachochytrium dendrobitidis (Bd)?
- endemic in some areas, invasive in others
- found in 56/82 surveyed countries
- detected in 516 amphibian species
- Has been detected in remote wilderness areas and
national parks and from sea level up to 5,348 m
What is the origin of Batrachochytrium dendrobitidis (Bd)?
unknown
How devastating has Batrachochytrium dendrobitidis (Bd) been?
- caused 90 frog species to go extinct
- no other wildlife disease has caused species extinction on such a global scale
