wildlife viral diseases - Aimee Flashcards
(53 cards)
are viral infections a disease of wild animals considerations
do they truly cause infection or are they just carried around
do endangered species and zoo animals go through bottle neck events
yes
what is a genetic bottle neck event?
A genetic bottleneck occurs when a population is greatly reduced in size, limiting the genetic diversity of the species
what do bottle necks lead to
immunosuppression - less genetics to pull from
are there ecological consequences of viral infections
yes - regulatory effects of viruses on populations and biological control
can turtles get herpesvirus?
yes
do wildlife species have retroviruses?
yes
does being infected with viral diseases have a cost?
yes - in swans infected with low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) they’re less likely to eat more
Costs of an immune response - does it reduce survival
yes - birds that were challenged with a toxic compound were less likely to fly back from where they migrated (dead)
can bottle neck events cause inbreeding?
yes
if an infection happens and there are decreased animals returning to the summer habitat, what are the genetic consequences?
fewer genes in the gene pool - higher interrelatedness/inbreeding
do sea lions with more relatedness have increased chances of carcinomas and infection by helminths, and bacterial infections?
yes
18% of mature sea lions that were found stranded along the Californian coast and died during rehabilitation had
histologically aggressive, widely metastatic genital transitional cell carcinomas
does herpesvirus affect sea lions
yes! and infects reproductive tract and further impedes reproductive abilities, leading to even more interrelatedness
name one species that’s undergone a bottleneck
cheetahs!
does a bottleneck event influence ability to mount an immune response?
yes - a bottleneck causes decreased genetic diversity which causes a decreased ability to mount an immune response
what is the effect of the genetic bottleneck on populations of cheetahs dealing with a coronavirus?
very little genetic diversity so increased amounts of cheetahs die from coronavirus because their immune systems are less able to mount a response :(
do viruses have effects on reintroduction efforts?
yes - release of animals back into the wild can release viruses into the wild which will hurt wild animals
example of reintroduction with viruses
western barred bandicoots (say that 5 times fast) reintroduced to the wild brought bandicoot papillomatosis carcinomatosis virus type 1 a novel oncogenic virus that contains genetic material from both papilloma and polyoma viruses
does bandicoot papillomatosis carcinomatosis virus type 1 affect only western barred bandicoots?
no - also affected whatever carnivores ate the bandicoots
what virus did reintroduced Attwater’s prairie chicken bring to the population?
reticuloendotheliosis (retrovirus)
is rabies all over the world?
no - some areas are classified as “rabies-free” or rabies-free
which province has the most rabies?
Ontario - followed by Saskatchewan, Alberta, BC, and Quebec
which strain of rabies is most prevalent in Alberta?
Bat in both 2023 & 2024
