Wiley: Nephron Flashcards
(17 cards)
Which of the following is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?
d. nephron
Name the four major parts (regions) of the nephron?
- Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule
- Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
- Nephron Loop (Loop of Henle)
- Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
What is Glomerular Filtration?
Large daily quantities of blood plasma with small colloid proteins are filtered from the blood capillaries and into capsular space becoming ‘filtrate.’
What is Tubular Reabsorption?
Most of that which was filtered is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
What is Tubular Secretion?
Substances like excess ions, waste products, and toxins are secreted to the nephron tubule to be added to the urine and excreted from the body.
The walls of the glomerular capillaries contain small pores called…?
c. fenestrations
What is a podocyte?
A specialized ‘octopus-like’ cell that forms the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule.
Podocytes play a crucial role in filtering blood in the kidneys.
True or False - The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is the speed at which the filtrate from the glomerular capillaries passes into the glomerular capsule.
True
GFR is an important measure of kidney function.
True or False - The Efferent arteriole is typically wider in diameter than the Afferent arteriole and carries blood away from the glomerulus.
False
The Efferent arteriole is typically narrower than the Afferent arteriole.
When considering autoregulation of the GFR, which vessel’s diameter can be changed to help maintain normal GFR values?
The Afferent Glomerular Arteriole
Changes in the diameter of the Afferent arteriole can influence blood flow and GFR.
What is the myogenic response to high GFR?
The myogenic response involves constricting the smooth muscles in the wall of the afferent arteriole
What mechanism allows water to be reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubules and descending limbs of the nephron loop back into the peritubular capillaries?
Osmosis
Which part of the nephron tubule is especially permeable to solutes but NOT permeable to water?
The ascending limb of the nephron loop
Where are the macula densa cells located?
In the wall of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
What do macula densa cells detect?
The flow and ionic composition of the filtrate as it moves through the nephron
Fill in the blank: The mechanism that allows water reabsorption in the nephron is _______.
osmosis
True or False: The ascending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to water.
False
