Windows Fundamentals

Question 1

verifying the identity of a user, system, or device to ensure they are who they say they are

Answer 1

authentication

Question 2

authentication type;
a password that is compared to a stored hash value

Answer 2

Password-based Authentication

Question 3

authentication type;
multiple factors (password, SMS code, biometrics, etc) for stronger security

Answer 3

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

Question 4

authentication type;
Uses digital certificates and private keys for secure communication

Answer 4

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

Question 5

authentication type;
Allows third-party applications to access resources on behalf of a user without sharing credentials

Answer 5

OAuth

Question 6

relies on domain accounts and challenge-response mechanisms;
now uses Kerberos, a negotiation-based system for enhanced security

Answer 6

Windows Authentication (NTLM)

Question 7

a profile used by end users within a network to determine their access level;
exist in Security Account Manager (SAM) or within the Domain Controller (DC)

Answer 7

user account

Question 8

3 types of user accounts:
_____ account:
Purpose: Does not permit access to network resources.
Authentication: Managed by SAM.
Use Case: Utilized by workgroups.
_____ account:
Purpose: Provides access to network resources.
Authentication: Managed by the Domain Controller (DC).
Location: Resides in Active Directory (AD)
_____ account:
Purpose: Automatically created when the OS, Active Directory, or applications are loaded.
Use Case: Can exist in local or domain environments.

Answer 8

Local account
Domain account
Built-in account

Question 9

what 3 account types/roles does Windows have

Answer 9

1. Standard
2. Administrator
3. Guest

Question 10

creating, modifying, and deleting user accounts and groups within an operating system;
setting permissions, managing user roles, and ensuring secure access to resources;
Groups facilitate easier management of permissions for multiple users

Answer 10

user and group management

Question 11

how to mange users/groups in a GUI

Answer 11

Control Panel > User Accounts > Manage User Accounts

Question 12

What is the CLI command to create a
user;
domain user;
local group;
domain group

Answer 12

net user username password /add
net user username password /add /domain
net localgroup groupname /add
net localgroup groupname /add /domain

Question 13

What is the PowerShell command to create a
local user;
local group

Answer 13

New-LocalUser –Name “username” –Password (ConvertTo-SecureString “Password12345!” –AsPlainText –Force)

New-LocalGroup –Name “groupname”

Question 14

collection of data stored on a computer or digital device

Answer 14

files

Question 15

defines how data is named, stored, organized, and accessed on a storage device;
OS uses this to manage files on the device

Answer 15

file system

Question 16

Application Programs: Interact with the file system.
Logical File System: Manages file metadata and structure.
File-Organization Module: Organizes files into directories and manages data blocks.
Basic File System: Handles file storage and retrieval.
I/O Control: Manages input/output operations.
Devices: Physical hardware that stores data.

Answer 16

6 layers of a file system

Question 17

2 common file systems in Windows

Answer 17

FAT (File Allocation Table) & NTFS (New Technology File System)

Question 18

tracks file locations by mapping file names to their physical locations on the storage device;
old & was originally an 8-bit file system;
lacked data security features

Answer 18

FAT

Question 19

widely used in USB drives and other removable media that require larger storage capacities;
supports individual files larger than 4 GB;
can accomodate storage media sizes up to 256 TB

Answer 19

ExFAT