Wine Training Flashcards
(257 cards)
1
Q
What should be shown to the host before pouring wine?
A
The bottle label up
This allows the host to verify the proper selection.
2
Q
How should the foil be cut on a wine bottle?
A
Cut along the bottom edge of the drip ring by rotating the bottle against a sharp captain’s knife
Remove the circle of foil neatly and discard.
3
Q
What is the correct angle to insert the worm into the cork?
A
At a slight angle with the tip in the center of the cork
Ensure the worm is twisted clockwise straight down.
4
Q
What should be done before pulling the cork?
A
Set the shank against the top of the bottle
Both blades must be set firmly and evenly against the bottle neck.
5
Q
What technique helps to remove the cork easily?
A
Using a lever effect by holding the shank in place and lifting up at the knife end of the corkscrew
This ensures effective cork removal.
6
Q
What should be done with the bottle top and inside lip after uncorking?
A
Wipe with a napkin to clean the pouring surface
This ensures cleanliness before pouring.
7
Q
What should be done with the cork after removing it?
A
Present the cork to the host for inspection
Check to ensure that the cork is moist and not dried out.
8
Q
What should you do if the host does not taste the wine?
A
Ask: ‘Shall I pour the wine?’
This prompts the host for a decision.
9
Q
In what order should wine be poured at the table?
A
Begin at the host’s right, proceeding counter-clockwise, pouring from each guest’s right (ladies first)
This is proper etiquette for pouring wine.
10
Q
How should the bottle be moved after each pour?
A
With an upward twisting motion to help eliminate drips
Use a napkin around the bottle neck to catch any remaining drips.
11
Q
How full should each glass be poured?
A
Two-thirds full
This allows space for swirling and aroma.
12
Q
What should be done with the bottle after pouring?
A
Leave the bottle to the host’s right with the label facing the host
This makes it easy for the host to see the label.
13
Q
What should you do after an interval post-pouring?
A
Return to pour again or to take an order for another bottle
This ensures guests have enough wine.
14
Q
What are the brightness categories for assessing wine?
A
Dull / Bright / Day Bright / Star Bright / Brilliant
Brightness helps assess the wine’s vibrancy and freshness.
15
Q
List the clarity categories used in wine assessment.
A
Clear / Medium Clear / Slightly Cloudy / Cloudy
Clarity indicates the wine’s filtration and potential quality.
16
Q
What color categories are used for red wines?
A
Purple / Ruby / Gamet / Red / Orange / Brown
The color can indicate the age and varietal of the wine.
17
Q
What color categories are used for white wines?
A
Clear / Green / Straw / Yellow / Gold / Brown
The color can provide insights into the wine’s aging process.
18
Q
Define the concentration levels in wine assessment.
A
Low / Medium / High
Concentration refers to the intensity of flavors and aromas.
19
Q
What are the rim variation categories for red wines?
A
Purple / Ruby / Red / Orange / Brown
Rim variation can indicate age and oxidation.
20
Q
What are the rim variation categories for white wines?
A
Clear / Straw / Yellow / Gold / Brown
Rim variation is important for assessing wine age and quality.
21
Q
List the viscosity levels when assessing wine.
A
Low / Medium / High
Viscosity relates to the wine’s body and richness.
22
Q
What flaws can be detected in the nose assessment of wine?
A
TCA (corked wine), Sulfur, Oxidation
Identifying flaws is crucial for quality evaluation.
23
Q
What are the power/alcohol levels in wine assessment?
A
Low / Medium / High
The power of a wine can affect its balance and flavor profile.
24
Q
Name three fruit aromas that can be present in wine.
A
Choose any three fruit aromas
Identifying fruit aromas is key to understanding the wine’s character.
25
What non-fruit aromas can be detected in wine?
Floral / Vegetables / Spices / Herbs / Other
## Footnote
Non-fruit aromas add complexity to the wine's profile.
26
List the earth aromas that can be present in wine.
Minerals / Chalk / Stone or Dust / Dirt / Mushroom / Baryard
## Footnote
Earth aromas contribute to the wine's terroir expression.
27
What are the characteristics of American oak in wine?
Strong Vanilla / Dill / Toast / Sawdust / Coconut
## Footnote
American oak imparts distinct flavors to the wine.
28
What are the characteristics of French oak in wine?
Subtle Vanilla / Cinnamon / Nutmeg / Clove
## Footnote
French oak is known for its more delicate influence on wine.
29
Define the complexity levels in wine.
Low / Medium / High
## Footnote
Complexity refers to the range and interplay of flavors and aromas.
30
What are the sweetness levels in wine assessment?
Bone Dry / Dry / Off Dry / Sweet / Very Sweet
## Footnote
Sweetness affects the wine's taste and pairing options.
31
What are the body/alcohol levels in wine?
Low / Medium / High
## Footnote
Body influences the mouthfeel and overall perception of the wine.
32
What should you confirm regarding fruit and non-fruit aromas on the palate?
Confirmation of Aromas sensed
## Footnote
This step ensures the consistency of the wine's profile.
33
Define the wood/astringency levels in wine.
Low / Medium / High
## Footnote
Astringency affects the texture and mouthfeel of the wine.
34
What are the acidity levels in wine assessment?
Low / Medium / High
## Footnote
Acidity is crucial for balance and freshness in wine.
35
What aspects are evaluated for balance, length, and complexity in wine?
Balanced / Unbalanced, Short / Med / Long, Simple / Complex
## Footnote
These factors determine the overall quality and enjoyment of the wine.
36
What conclusions can be drawn when assessing a wine?
New or Old World, Climate, Varietal(s), Country, Region, Quality
## Footnote
These conclusions help categorize the wine and predict its characteristics.
37
What is La Marca Prosecco?
A cooperative wine representing 5,000 local winegrowers in the Veneto region of northern Italy
38
What grape is primarily used in La Marca Prosecco?
Glera
39
Where is the Prosecco capital located?
Treviso, Italy
40
What is the color of La Marca Prosecco?
Pale, golden straw color
41
What aromas are present in La Marca Prosecco?
Fresh-picked citrus and honeysuckle blossoms
42
Name three fruity flavors found in La Marca Prosecco.
* Green apple
* Juicy peach
* Ripe lemon
43
What type of finish does La Marca Prosecco have?
Light and refreshing with a hint of sweetness
44
At what maximum temperature is the initial fermentation of La Marca Prosecco conducted?
65°F
45
What is the alcohol content of La Marca Prosecco?
11.29%
46
What is the titratable acidity of La Marca Prosecco?
0.56 g/100ml
47
What is the pH level of La Marca Prosecco?
3.21
48
La Marca Prosecco pairs well with which types of cuisine? (List at least two)
* Seafood
* Mild cheeses
* Rich pasta dishes
* Decadent desserts
49
True or False: La Marca Prosecco is suitable as an aperitif.
True
50
Fill in the blank: La Marca Prosecco has the body and acidity to pair well with _______.
[a range of foods]
51
What process follows the crushing of grapes in the winemaking of La Marca Prosecco?
Pressing in gentle membrane presses
52
What type of wine is La Marca Prosecco classified as?
Sparkling wine
53
What is the residual sugar content of La Marca Prosecco?
1.70 g/100ml
54
What type of fermentation occurs after the still wine is aged on its lees?
Secondary fermentation
55
La Marca Prosecco is recommended to be paired with which specific dish?
Fresh-caught crab or fish tacos with endive slaw
56
What year was Whitehaven winery established?
1994
57
Where is Whitehaven winery located?
Marlborough, New Zealand
58
What type of wine is Whitehaven primarily known for?
Sauvignon Blanc
59
What climatic conditions contribute to the quality of Whitehaven wines?
Warm sunlight and cooling breezes from the coast
60
What are the bright aromatic notes found in Whitehaven 2023 Sauvignon Blanc?
Green apple, grapefruit, and lime zest
61
What classic Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc notes are present in Whitehaven 2023?
White peach, tropical pineapple, and Meyer lemon citrus
62
What food pairings are recommended for Whitehaven 2023 Sauvignon Blanc?
Creamy goat cheese, seasonal salads, grilled citrusy chicken, and fresh seafood dishes
63
What was notable about the 2023 vintage growing season?
Cool and challenging with high quality and mature flavor development
64
What impact did the inconsistent fruit set have during the 2023 vintage?
Beneficial in the wet season, keeping disease pressure at bay
65
When did the harvest for the 2023 Sauvignon Blanc begin and end?
Last week of March to about two weeks later
66
What is the alcohol content of Whitehaven 2023 Sauvignon Blanc?
13%
67
What is the titratable acidity level in Whitehaven 2023 Sauvignon Blanc?
7.3g/L
68
What is the residual sugar content of Whitehaven 2023 Sauvignon Blanc?
2.6g/L
69
What is the pH level of Whitehaven 2023 Sauvignon Blanc?
3.33
70
What is the recommended aging period for Whitehaven 2023 Sauvignon Blanc?
2-4 years
71
What process is used to preserve varietal characteristics in Whitehaven Sauvignon Blanc?
Fermentation in stainless steel tanks at very low temperatures
72
Fill in the blank: Whitehaven Sauvignon Blanc is composed of _______ small lots from select sites.
more than 100
73
True or False: Whitehaven Sauvignon Blanc is made from grapes grown outside of Marlborough.
False
74
What unique feature does Whitehaven Sauvignon Blanc have regarding its fermentation?
Use of select yeast strains
75
What is the result of the grapes being pressed immediately with minimal skin contact?
Preservation of flavor brightness and balanced acidity
76
What is the vintage year of the Sleepy Hollow Chardonnay discussed?
2022
77
What type of wine is the 2022 Sleepy Hollow Vineyard Chardonnay?
Medium-bodied white wine
78
What aromas are noted in the 2022 Sleepy Hollow Chardonnay?
Lemon flower and toasted vanilla
79
Describe the mouthfeel of the 2022 Sleepy Hollow Chardonnay.
Silky with a touch of salinity
80
What flavors are revealed in the mouthfeel of the Chardonnay?
Crisp apple and pear with hints of brioche
81
How is the finish of the 2022 Sleepy Hollow Chardonnay described?
Long and clean with a rich ribbon of butterscotch
82
What is the geographical location of the Sleepy Hollow Vineyard?
Santa Lucia Highlands, California
83
What climatic conditions are noted for the Sleepy Hollow Vineyard?
One of the coldest grape-growing climates in California
84
What was the growing season like for the 2022 vintage?
Long and cool with one small heat spike and rainfall in a 72-hour period
85
When did the harvest for the 2022 Chardonnay begin?
September
86
What are the titratable acidity and alcohol level of the 2022 Chardonnay?
5.4g/L and 14.2%
87
What is the pH level of the 2022 Sleepy Hollow Chardonnay?
3.35
88
What varietals does Talbott Vineyards focus on?
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
89
How long were the grapes aged for the 2022 Chardonnay?
16 months
90
What percentage of new French oak barrels was used for aging?
35%
91
What defines the wines produced at Talbott Vineyards?
Estate grown and meticulous craftsmanship
92
What natural elements contribute to the growing conditions at Sleepy Hollow Vineyard?
Brisk wind and fog from Monterey Bay
93
Fill in the blank: The mouthfeel of the 2022 Sleepy Hollow Chardonnay reveals layers of _______.
Crisp apple and pear with hints of brioche
94
True or False: Talbott Vineyards has a legacy of nearly 20 years.
False
95
What characteristics do the low yields of grapes in 2022 provide?
Optimal acidity and concentrated flavor
96
What does the Spanish term 'Las Alturas' mean?
'The heights.'
97
What is the elevation of the Las Alturas vineyard?
Up to 1,200 feet.
98
What climate characteristics define the Las Alturas vineyard?
Sunny but very cool climate.
99
What are the hallmarks of the wine produced in Las Alturas?
Robust, expressive, full-bodied, and balanced by firm acidity.
100
What natural phenomenon contributes to the vineyard's climate?
Early morning fog from Monterey Bay.
101
What effect do gusty winds from the bay have on the vineyard?
Moderates temperature and contributes to one of the longest growing seasons in California.
102
What is a unique physical characteristic of the grapes grown at Las Alturas?
Smaller berries with very thick skins.
103
What is the composition of the sub-soil in Las Alturas vineyard?
Calcareous base underneath a layer of sandy loam.
104
What was the weather like during the winter of the 2019 growing season?
Cold and wet with storms from mid-January to late March.
105
What weather conditions caused rapid grapevine growth in April 2019?
Warm and sunny weather.
106
What significant weather change occurred in mid-May 2019?
Cold, wet weather returned.
107
What was the effect of the marine layer during the 2019 growing season?
Allowed grapes to ripen evenly and retain their natural acidity.
108
When did the harvest of Pinot Noir grapes begin in 2019?
Early September.
109
What are the tasting notes for the 2019 Las Alturas Pinot Noir?
Scarlet red color, aromatic medley of gooseberry, raspberry, cranberry, hints of ginger, black pepper, and shaved milk chocolate.
110
What flavors are present on the palate of the 2019 Las Alturas Pinot Noir?
Wild berries, milk chocolate, toffee, black cherry, and ground nutmeg.
111
What is the structure and finish of the 2019 Las Alturas Pinot Noir?
Rich and structured with beautiful acidity and a long, mouthwatering finish.
112
What process is used to preserve vineyard-fresh flavors during harvesting?
Harvesting early in the morning.
113
What technique is used to soften the skins of the grapes?
Cold-soaking the fruit for up to two weeks.
114
What fermentation methods are employed in winemaking at Las Alturas?
Combination of closed and open-top stainless steel fermenters, punch-downs, and pump-overs.
115
How long is the wine aged in French oak?
Up to nine months.
116
What percentage of the oak used for aging is new?
60% new.
117
What is the goal of Joseph Wagner regarding the Pinot Noirs?
To express the uniqueness of each vineyard and craft a genuine style of California Pinot Noir.
118
What signature style is associated with the Las Alturas vineyard?
Layered, complex, fruit-forward, and rich.
119
What is the heritage of Franciscan Estate?
50-year heritage of California winemaking
120
What is the primary philosophy of Franciscan Estate's winemaking team?
Lets the fruit speak for itself
121
What types of wines are included in Franciscan Estate's portfolio?
* Cabernet Sauvignon
* Chardonnay
122
What is the color of the 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon?
Deep ruby color
123
What aromas are present in the 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon?
* Blackberry
* Toasted coconut
124
What flavors are noted in the mouthfeel of the 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon?
* Black cherry
* Dark raspberries
* Ribbons of caramel
125
What finish notes are found in the 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon?
* Dark berry
* Hints of mocha
126
What food pairings are suggested for the 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon?
* Charred filet
* Eggplant parmesan
* Bacon-wrapped dishes
127
What weather conditions characterized the 2022 growing season?
* Early winter rain
* Mild conditions
* Heat spikes in September
128
What was the outcome of the 2022 harvest in terms of yield?
Slightly less yields of fruit
129
What winemaking technique is used to achieve flavor concentration for the 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon?
Let the fruit hang on the vine as long as possible
130
What process is done to the grapes before fermentation?
Destemmed and lightly crushed
131
How long was the juice cold soaked during the winemaking process?
Three days
132
What type of oak was used for aging the wine?
* American oak
* French oak
133
How long was the 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon aged?
4-6 months
134
What is the alcohol content of the 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon?
14.2%
135
What is the total acidity of the 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon?
5.5 g/L
136
What is the pH level of the 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon?
3.73
137
What century was Château Haut Selve created?
20th Century
138
Where is Château Haut Selve located?
In the historical Graves Appellation area
139
What was Château Haut Selve planted over?
A pine forest
140
What is the vine density at Château Haut Selve?
2250 vines/acte
141
What type of pruning is used at Château Haut Selve?
Double guyot
142
What is the sun-exposed leaf area at Château Haut Selve?
Up to 3.2 acres
143
What types of organic manure are used at Château Haut Selve?
Faba beans and oats
144
What agricultural practice is followed at Château Haut Selve?
Sustainable agriculture
145
How long is the maceration process during vinification at Château Haut Selve?
3 weeks
146
How often is the must stirred during the first week of maceration at Château Haut Selve?
Twice a day
147
What is the controlled fermentation temperature at Château Haut Selve?
86°F
148
How long does the ageing process last for the wine at Château Haut Selve?
12 months
149
What proportion of new barrels is used for ageing at Château Haut Selve?
1/3 of new barrels
150
What types of barrels are used for ageing at Château Haut Selve? List them.
* Nadalié
* Vicard
* Sylvain
* Mercier
* Seguin Moreau
* Marques
* Garonnaise
151
What color does the wine from Château Haut Selve sport?
Vibrant ruby color
152
What aromas are noted in the wine from Château Haut Selve?
Intense aromas of Provençal herbs and oak
153
What flavors follow the initial rich, red fruit flavors in Château Haut Selve wine?
Enticing tannins and a balanced finish
154
True or False: Château Haut Selve is known to be one of the top five in Graves.
True
155
What is the name of the 2023 California red wine discussed?
Eight Years in the Desert
156
What grape varietal did the producers focus on from 2008 to 2016?
Zinfandel
157
What is the primary source of grapes for Eight Years in the Desert?
Premier vineyards across California including Monte Rosso, Stefani Ranch, and Barrelli Creek
158
Describe the appearance of the 2023 Eight Years in the Desert.
Dark mauve core with a red amethyst rim
159
What aromatic notes are present in the 2023 Eight Years in the Desert?
Ripe blackberry and raspberry bramble
160
What additional hints can be found in the aroma of the wine?
Chocolate covered espresso bean, black pepper, and allspice
161
What dominates the entry of the wine?
Black plum preserves and freshly baked mixed berry morning bun
162
What type of tannins does the wine have?
Soft and textured tannins
163
What is the finish of the wine characterized by?
A lifted finish with a touch of pluot and dried tarragon
164
What are the components of the blend in Eight Years in the Desert?
* Zinfandel
* Petite Sirah
* Syrah
165
How long was the wine matured and in what type of oak?
7 months in French Oak, 35% New
166
What is the alcohol by volume (ALC/VOL) of the wine?
15.6%
167
What is the name of the winery that produces Eight Years in the Desert?
Orin Swift
168
Where is Orin Swift located?
1321 Main Street, St Helena, CA 94574
169
What type of wine is Eight Years in the Desert classified as?
California Table Wine
170
What does Post & Beam represent?
Craftsmanship, tradition, legacy, and purity
## Footnote
Named for the simple yet elegant barns that dot the American landscape.
171
What is the primary grape variety in the 2022 Post & Beam Cabernet Sauvignon?
91% Cabernet Sauvignon
## Footnote
Other varietals include 6% Merlot, 2% Petit Verdot, and 1% Cabernet Franc.
172
What were the harvest dates for the 2022 Post & Beam Cabernet Sauvignon?
September 9 - October 20, 2022
173
What factors influenced the 2022 growing season?
Early budbreak, mild summer, Labor Day heat spike
## Footnote
The heat spike accelerated ripening, allowing for later harvest of other grapes.
174
How long was the 2022 Post & Beam Cabernet Sauvignon aged?
10 months in French Oak, 30% new
175
Describe the sensory evaluation of the 2022 Post & Beam Cabernet Sauvignon.
Seductive aromas of briar patch and plum sauce, well-structured yet elegant palate, layered with cassis and blackberry, finish with vanilla, mocha, and cocoa flavors
## Footnote
The finish also includes resolved tannins.
176
What is the Appellation of the 2022 Post & Beam Cabernet Sauvignon?
Napa Valley
177
What is the significance of the name 'Post & Beam'?
Represents simplicity and elegance
## Footnote
Reflects the functional beauty of post and beam barns.
178
What was a notable weather event during the 2022 growing season?
Labor Day heat spike
179
Fill in the blank: The 2022 Post & Beam Cabernet Sauvignon has aromas of _______.
[briar patch and plum sauce]
180
True or False: The 2022 Post & Beam Cabernet Sauvignon contains 5% Cabernet Franc.
False
## Footnote
It contains 1% Cabernet Franc.
181
What are the four major tongue senses?
Sour, Bitter, Salty, Sweet
## Footnote
These senses are fundamental for taste perception.
182
Fill in the blank: The four major tongue senses are _______.
Sour, Bitter, Salty, Sweet
183
True or False: There are five major tongue senses.
False
## Footnote
There are only four major tongue senses.
184
What are the brightness levels used in wine assessment?
Dull / Bright / Day Bright / Star Bright / Brilliant
## Footnote
These levels help in evaluating the visual quality of the wine.
185
List the clarity levels in wine assessment.
Clear / Medium Clear / Slightly Cloudy / Cloudy
## Footnote
Clarity is an important aspect of wine appearance.
186
What are the color classifications for red wines?
Purple / Ruby / Gamet / Red / Orange / Brown
## Footnote
Color can indicate the age and type of red wine.
187
What color categories are used for white wines?
Clear / Green / Straw / Yellow / Gold / Brown
## Footnote
The color can give insights into the wine's characteristics.
188
Define the levels of concentration in wine.
Low / Medium / High
## Footnote
Concentration refers to the intensity of flavors and aromas.
189
What are the rim variation colors for red wines?
Purple / Ruby / Red / Orange / Brown
## Footnote
Rim variation can indicate wine age and quality.
190
What are the rim variation colors for white wines?
Clear / Straw / Yellow / Gold / Brown
## Footnote
Similar to red wines, rim variation in whites can signal characteristics.
191
What does viscosity indicate in wine assessment?
Low / Medium / High
## Footnote
Viscosity can provide information about the wine's body and alcohol content.
192
What flaws can be detected in the nose assessment of wine?
TCA (corked wine), Sulfur, Oxidation
## Footnote
Identifying flaws is crucial for determining wine quality.
193
What are the levels of power/alcohol in wine assessment?
Low / Medium / High
## Footnote
This assessment helps in evaluating the wine's strength.
194
Name three fruit aromas that can be present in wine.
Any three fruit aromas
## Footnote
Identifying fruit aromas is essential for flavor profile assessment.
195
List the non-fruit aromas that can be detected in wine.
Floral / Vegetables / Spices / Herbs / Other
## Footnote
Non-fruit aromas add complexity to the wine's bouquet.
196
What earth aromas can be identified in wine?
Minerals / Chalk / Stone or Dust / Dirt / Mushroom / Barnyard
## Footnote
Earthy notes contribute to the wine's terroir expression.
197
What are the characteristics of American oak in wine aging?
Strong Vanilla / Dill / Toast / Sawdust / Coconut
## Footnote
The type of oak influences the flavor profile of the wine.
198
What are the characteristics of French oak in wine aging?
Subtle Vanilla / Cinnamon / Nutmeg / Clove
## Footnote
French oak typically imparts more delicate flavors.
199
Define the complexity levels in wine assessment.
Low / Medium / High
## Footnote
Complexity refers to the depth and variety of flavors and aromas.
200
What are the sweetness levels in wine?
Bone Dry / Dry / Off Dry / Sweet / Very Sweet
## Footnote
Sweetness affects the overall perception of the wine.
201
What body/alcohol levels can be assessed in wine?
Low / Medium / High
## Footnote
Body refers to the weight and fullness of the wine on the palate.
202
In palate assessment, how is acidity classified?
Low / Medium / High
## Footnote
Acidity is crucial for the balance and freshness of the wine.
203
What are the balance/length/complexity classifications in wine?
Balanced / Unbalanced, Short / Med / Long, Simple / Complex
## Footnote
This assessment helps in evaluating the wine's overall quality.
204
What conclusions can be drawn from a wine assessment?
New or Old World, Climate, Varietal(s), Country, Region, Quality
## Footnote
These factors provide context for the wine's characteristics and style.
205
What term describes a wine that is pleasant to drink and has all components in the right proportions?
Well-balanced wine
## Footnote
A well-balanced wine is described as pleasant to drink with no 'off or disagreeable' flavors.
206
What does the term 'Astringent' refer to in wine descriptions?
A wine containing too much tannin, leaving a dry sensation on the tongue and palate
## Footnote
Astringency is often associated with high tannin levels.
207
Define 'Elegant' in the context of wine.
Well-balanced with finesse; a truly fine wine
## Footnote
Elegance in wine often refers to subtlety and complexity.
208
Fill in the blank: A wine that is '_______' is lacking in body, color, or alcohol but is still pleasant.
Thin
## Footnote
Thin wines are often described as lacking substance but can still be enjoyable.
209
What flavor profile is described as 'Flowery'?
An appealing fragrance; almost floral
## Footnote
Flowery wines often exhibit scents reminiscent of flowers.
210
What does 'Tannin' refer to in wine?
Extract of the skin and stems of the grapes; creates astringency or a drying effect
## Footnote
Tannins contribute to the structure and aging potential of wines.
211
True or False: A 'Dry' wine is one that has residual sugar.
False
## Footnote
Dry wines have no residual sugar, meaning they do not taste sweet.
212
What is a characteristic of 'Medium-Bodied' wines?
Average in extract, alcohol, aroma, and flavor
## Footnote
Medium-bodied wines are typically versatile and can pair with various foods.
213
What does the term 'Supple' indicate about a wine?
A quality wine with smooth or few tannins; easy to drink
## Footnote
Supple wines are often approachable and enjoyable for many palates.
214
Fill in the blank: A '_______' wine is young, fruity, and usually has a little carbon dioxide.
Quaffing
## Footnote
Quaffing wines are often light and easy to drink, making them ideal for casual settings.
215
What does 'Flinty' describe in wine?
Dry, clean, sharp, and steely; often used to describe French Chablis
## Footnote
Flinty wines have a minerality that can enhance their complexity.
216
What is the significance of 'Fresh' in wine tasting?
Young, lively, and clean
## Footnote
Fresh wines are often vibrant and exhibit youthful characteristics.
217
What does 'Smoky' refer to in wine?
The distinctive character of wood smoke
## Footnote
Smoky notes can add depth and complexity to certain wines.
218
Define 'Generous' in the context of wine descriptions.
Rich in extract, alcohol, aroma, and flavor; mouth-filling
## Footnote
Generous wines often provide a rich tasting experience.
219
What does 'Grassy' taste like in wine?
The smell of grass or newly-mown hay, often describes Sauvignon Blanc
## Footnote
Grassy notes are commonly found in some white wines, particularly those from cooler climates.
220
What does 'Youthful' imply about a wine?
A young wine tasting of yeast, as in fresh bread
## Footnote
Youthful wines often exhibit fresh and vibrant characteristics.
221
What does 'Complex' mean in wine tasting?
Showing a variety of subtle scents and flavors
## Footnote
Complex wines provide a multi-dimensional tasting experience.
222
What is meant by 'Lively' in wine descriptions?
Young, vibrant, and energetic
## Footnote
Lively wines often have good acidity and freshness.
223
Fill in the blank: A '_______' wine is lacking in body and alcohol and is often watery.
Thin
## Footnote
Thin wines are typically not suitable for aging and may lack depth.
224
What is the body weight associated with lighter wines?
Lighter
## Footnote
Lighter wines are typically associated with lower body weight.
225
Which wine varietal is commonly known for its sweetness and fruity flavors?
White Zinfandel
## Footnote
White Zinfandel is a popular varietal known for its sweet taste.
226
Name two varietals that fall under the category of light-bodied wines.
Pinot Grigio/Gris, White Zinfandel
## Footnote
These varietals are typically lighter in body.
227
What flavors are commonly associated with lighter wines?
* Strawberry
* Cherry
* Citrus
* Slate
* Mineral
* Lemon
* Melon
* Herbal
* Grass
* Grapefruit
* Green Apple
* Vanilla
* Raspberry
* Earth
* Plum
* Spice
* Cranberry
* Black Pepper
* Jam
* Dark Fruits
## Footnote
Lighter wines often have a diverse range of flavors.
228
Fill in the blank: Lighter wines pair well with _______ dishes.
lighter and/or spicier fare
## Footnote
This includes lighter and spicier dishes.
229
Which types of food pair well with Sauvignon Blanc?
Seafood, Chicken, and medium weight dishes
## Footnote
Sauvignon Blanc complements lighter proteins and dishes.
230
What type of fish pairs well with lighter wines?
Smoked fish & chicken
## Footnote
Lighter wines are a good match for smoked fish and chicken.
231
Which heavier body weight wines can pair with fatty fish like Salmon?
Lighter style red meats
## Footnote
Lighter red meats complement fatty fish like salmon.
232
List three heavier body weight wines.
* Merlot
* Syrah / Shiraz
* Cabernet Sauvignon
## Footnote
These wines are typically fuller-bodied.
233
What type of dishes do heavier wines pair well with?
* Spicy dishes
* Heavier dishes
* Red meats
## Footnote
Heavier wines often complement rich and bold flavors.
234
True or False: Pinot Noir is considered a heavier body weight wine.
False
## Footnote
Pinot Noir is generally categorized as a lighter-bodied wine.
235
What does Acid / Acidity indicate in wine?
The degree of tartness in the wine due to natural acids in the grape.
236
Define Body in the context of wine.
The impression of fullness, roundness, texture or weight of wine in the mouth.
237
What is a Bouquet in wine terminology?
The aromatic scent as expressed by the winemaking process; the combination of varietal fruit character with all of the elements of aging wine.
238
What occurs during Fermentation?
Sugar is converted to alcohol by yeast.
239
What does Complex / Complexity refer to in wine?
Denotes that a wine shows integration of aroma and flavor, often with subtlety.
240
What does it mean if a wine is Corked?
A wine has gone bad due to microorganisms 'tainting' the wine, usually with a wet cardboard aroma.
241
What are Oak / Oaky characteristics in wine?
The smell and/or flavors associated with aging wine in wooden barrels.
242
What is Oxidation in relation to wine?
Result of grapes and/or wine being overexposed to oxygen, giving a brown appearance and a flat, sherry-like taste.
243
What are Tannins?
Phenolic compounds derived from grape skins, seeds, and stems that give a drying or astringent feeling on the palate.
244
What is Malolactic Fermentation?
A secondary fermentation that converts tart malic acid into softer lactic acid, adding a 'buttery' note and mouth-feel.
245
What does Appellation refer to in wine?
The region or area where grapes are grown.
246
Fill in the blank: The impression of fullness, roundness, texture or weight of wine in the mouth is referred to as _______.
[Body]
247
True or False: Tannins are mainly found in white wines.
False
248
What is one benefit of selling wine?
Impact on your tips
## Footnote
Selling a bottle of wine can significantly increase the total tips received from guests.
249
How does selling a bottle of wine compare to selling entrees in terms of tips?
Selling a bottle of wine is like adding another guest to the table
## Footnote
This results in higher tips, as tips are calculated based on the total check amount.
250
What is the average income increase from selling 4 additional bottles of wine at $35 each during a shift?
$192
## Footnote
This total includes an increase in tips based on the percentage applied (15% or 20%).
251
What is the potential additional income from wine sales over the course of a year?
$7200 - $9500
## Footnote
This estimate is based on consistent daily increases from wine sales.
252
How does selling wine enhance the dining experience for guests?
Enhances the guests' overall dining experience
## Footnote
A well-paired wine can elevate the meal and create a more enjoyable atmosphere.
253
Why is selling wine considered easier than refilling other beverages?
Selling a bottle (or bottles) to a table is easier than refilling other beverages
## Footnote
This reduces the need for frequent service interruptions.
254
When should you suggest wine to guests?
At least 2 times during the course of serving your guests
## Footnote
This increases the chances of a successful sale.
255
What should you do when selling wine early in the meal?
Point out the wine list in your initial greeting
## Footnote
This sets the stage for wine sales throughout the meal.
256
What are some strategies for suggesting wine?
Based on food choices, incorporating a wine feature into your 'spiel', based on your personal favorites, based on the guest's varietal preference and price range
## Footnote
Tailoring suggestions increases the likelihood of a sale.
257
Fill in the blank: Selling wine early usually means that it will continue through the _______.
entire meal
