Winemaking Terminolgy

Question 1

Two things accomplished with oak aging?

Answer 1

Oxidation and oak flavours

Question 2

Stainless steel vessels are used to help what in wine?

Answer 2

Slow oxidation and preserve primary flavours of the wine

Question 3

What vessel is a popular choir for white wines?

Answer 3

Stainless steel

Question 4

What does using concrete and clay amphora’s do to a wine taste?

Answer 4

Lower the acidity in the wine which can soften its taste profile

Question 5

What is filtered wine?

Answer 5

Wines that are sent through microscopic filters to remove everything but the liquid

Question 6

What is unfiltered wine?

Answer 6

Wines that contain sediment which contributes to their complexity

Question 7

What is fining?

Answer 7

Fining adds enzymes to clarity the wine. The enzymes glom to proteins that fall to the bottom of the wine barrel

Question 8

What is racking?

Answer 8

Racking transfers wines to a fresh fresh barrel

Question 9

What colour wines normally go through malolactic fermentation?

Answer 9

Red wine

Question 10

What is Malolactic fermentation?

Answer 10

A process where a bacteria called Oenococcus oeni alters sharp malic acid (apples) into softer and smoother lactic acid (milk)

Question 11

What is extended maceration?

Answer 11

After fermentation is complete red wines are left on their skins for an extended time. This process can soften flavours and reduce harsh tannins.

Question 12

What is Microoxygeneration?

Answer 12

Red wines are bubbled with oxygen during the fermentation to help soften their tannins

Question 13

Microoxygeneration is a method used in what famous wine region?

Answer 13

This method is poplar with red Bordeaux varieties.

Question 14

What are Pumpdowns?

Answer 14

Is a way to mix the fermentation. Pumpovers extract red wine flavours aggressively.

Question 15

What are punchdowns?

Answer 15

A way to mix the fermentation. Punchdowns are more delicate and popular with light reds

Question 16

What is a commercial yeast?

Answer 16

Commercial yeasts are made scientifically in labs.Using them is very common especially in large production wines.

Question 17

What are native yeasts?

Answer 17

A fermentation that only uses yeast found in the winery or on the grapes. This method is rare and more common in small production wines.

Question 18

Carbonic Maceration is used with which grape variety?

Answer 18

Gamay

Question 19

What is Carbonic maceration?

Answer 19

Is a closed top, whole cluster fermentation, which reduces the bitter grape tannins and preserves delicate floral aromas in red wines

Question 20

What is closed fermentation?

Answer 20

Closed fermentation limits the amount of oxygen to facilitate during the fermentation and are popular with white wines in order to preserve delicate flavours

Question 21

What is open-top fermentation?

Answer 21

Open-too fermentation allows more oxygen to enter during the fermentation and are most commonly used for red wines

Question 22

What are cool fermentation’s?

Answer 22

They preserve delicate flower and fruit aromas popular for white wines.

Question 23

What are Hot fermentation’s?

Answer 23

They soften the tannins and simplify flavours popular with commercial wines

Question 24

What is Saignée (sahn-yay)?

Or bleeding off?

Answer 24

Is the process of draining some juice from red wine fermentation to increase the concentration. Leftover juice is used for a deep coloured rose wine

Question 25

What is cold soaking?

Answer 25

Is a process of resting the juice with the skins at a cold temperature prior to fermentation. This helps extract more colour and flavours from the skin

Question 26

What is whole cluster fermentation?

Answer 26

Uses the entire grape bunch including the stems. Stems add tannin and structure to typically delicate wines.

Question 27

What does Nykteri mean?

Answer 27

Greek for night harvest. Still dry white wine Made usually in Santorini Made with Assyrtiko, Athiri, Aidani Perfect with fish and seafood, and white cheese Flavours: Lemon , butter syrup

Question 28

What does Passiti mean?

Answer 28

Passito: An Italian term literally translated as "sweet," passito is used in Italy to describe wines that have been made from dried grapes, in the appassimento method. Like straw wine

Question 29

What is straw wine?

Answer 29

Straw wine, or raisin wine, is a wine made from grapes that have been dried to concentrate their juice. The result is similar to that of the ice wine process, but is a much older process and suitable for warm climates

Question 30

What is Maceration?

Answer 30

Maceration is the winemaking process where the phenolic materials of the grape—tannins, coloring agents (anthocyanins) and flavor compounds—are leached from the grape skins, seeds and stems into the must

Question 31

What is carbonic maceration?

Answer 31

Carbonic maceration is a winemaking technique, often associated with the French wine region of Beaujolais, in which whole grapes are fermented in a carbon dioxide rich environment prior to crushing.

Question 32

What does Vigneron mean?

Answer 32

Cooperating with viticulturists Monitoring the maturity of grapes to ensure their quality and to determine the correct time for harvest Crushing and pressing grapes Monitoring the settling of juice and the fermentation of grape material Filtering the wine to remove remaining solids Testing the quality of wine by tasting Placing filtered wine in casks or tanks for storage and maturation Preparing plans for bottling wine once it has matured Making sure that quality is maintained when the wine is bottled