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Ex3 Phys/Pathophys > Witwer- Endo > Flashcards

Witwer- Endo Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

______ hormones act directly on target tissues or other endocrine glands to release hormones

A

Tropic

TRH= Thyrotropin, CRH= Corticotropin, GH= Somatotropin

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2
Q

______ hormones directly affect stimulate or growth

A

Trophic

*Anterior pituitary hormones

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3
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones are __________ hormones (tropic or trophic)?

A

trophic

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4
Q

What is another name for the anterior pituititary?

A

Adenohypophysis

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5
Q

What is another name for the posterior pituitary?

A

Neurohypophysis

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6
Q

What does the posterior pituitary secrete?

A
  • Vasopressin (ADH)

- Oxytocin

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7
Q

A microadenoma is less than/greater than 10mm

A

less than

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8
Q

A macroadenoma is less than/greater than 10mm

A

greater than

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9
Q

What is a “pituitary incidentaloma?”

A

A lesion in pit gland not previously suspected but found incidentially on an imaging study

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10
Q

Micro/macroadenomas are the most common cause or hypopituitarism?

A

Macroadenoma (tumor is crowding the pituitary)

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11
Q

A pituitary tumor that encroaches on the optic chiasm could cause what VF defect?

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia

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12
Q

What is the name for an adenoma that secretes PRL?

A

Chromophobe (lactation)

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13
Q

What is the name for an adenoma that secretes GH?

A

Acidophil (unexpected bone growth)

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14
Q

What is the name for an adenoma that secretes ACTH?

A

Basophil adenoma (causes Cushing’s disease)

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15
Q

What is the most common pituitary adenoma?

A

Prolactinoma

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16
Q

How would you treat a pituitary adenoma?

A

Dopamine agonists will decrease tumor size and symptoms

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17
Q

Growth Hormone Secreting Adenomas result in what disease?

A

Acromegaly in adults (if after closure of epiphyseal plate)

Giantism in children

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18
Q

What is another name for enlarged hands and feet?

A

Acral enlargement

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19
Q

Abnormal levels of Growth Hormone will also stimulate _____ and patients will have abnormal _______ and _________.

A

IGF, OGTT, DM

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20
Q

How to treat a GH secreting adenoma?

A

Surgery to remove it

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21
Q

What is cushing’s syndrome?

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A

Excess cortisol can come from outside or inside the body. For example, it can come from using corticosteroid medications, such as prednisone. Or it can come from a pituitary or adrenal tumor causing the body to make too much cortisol.

22
Q

What is cushing’s disease?

Study These Flashcards
A

A specific type of Cushing syndrome. It occurs when a pituitary tumor causes the body to make too much cortisol. Cushing disease is the most common form of endogenous (from the body) Cushing syndrome, and makes up about 70% of Cushing syndrome cases.

23
Q

Cushing’s syndrome can be caused by what two exogenous medications?

Study These Flashcards
A

Pred & dexameth

24
Q

Moon facies, buffalo hump, striation, thin arms and legs and fat abdomen are characteristics of what disease?

Study These Flashcards
A

Cushing’s syndrome

25
Hemorrhage into the pituitary gland or infarction of gland causing hypopituitarism is called what?
Pituitary hypoplexy
26
Decreased blood flow to the pituitary gland secondary to blood loss and hypovolemic shock in pregnancy during delivery causing a pituitary infarction > hypopituitarism is called what?
Sheehan's syndrome
27
What is the name of the syndrome when the pituitary has wasted away?
Empty sella syndrome
28
A Benign squamous and columnar epithelial tumor arising from the Rathke cleft (embryonic precursor of the adenohypophysis) is called what?
Craniopharyngioma
29
Thyrotoxosis = what disease?
Graves (hyperthyroidism)
30
Plummer’s Disease = what disease of hyperthyroidism?
Autonomous Nodule
31
Struma ovari is a disease which causes
the ovaries to secrete thyroid
32
On a U/S of the thyroid, hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis will cause ________ (increased/decreased) uptake of isotope?
Increased
33
You will find increased blood flow on a U/S of hypo/hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism
34
What is an autoimmune reaction directed towards ORBITAL fibroblasts?
Exopthalmos
35
Is thyroid cancer usually found in a hot nodule?
No- b/c cancer is rarely found in hot nodules, a scan showing a hot nodule eliminates the need for fine needle biopsy. If a hot nodule causes hyperthyroidism, it can be treated with radioiodine or surgery. Hot= functioning
36
What is a cold nodule?
A cold nodule is a thyroid nodule that does not produce thyroid hormone. On a radioactive iodine uptake test a cold nodule takes up less radioactive material than the surrounding thyroid tissue. A cold nodule may be malignant or benign.
37
Can a U/S exclude thyroid malignancy?
No
38
How do you exclude a thyroid malignancy?
biopsy and surgery
39
What are two types of thyroid cancer?
Follicular and papillary
40
Does Follicular and papillary or anaplastic cancer have a better prognosis?
Follicular and papillary
41
Most thyroid cancers are cystic or solid?
Solid. Most nodules are cysts filled with fluid or with a stored form of thyroid hormone called colloid. Solid nodules have little fluid or colloid and are more likely to be cancerous. Still, most solid nodules are not cancer.
42
What is radioactive iodine ablation?
The radioactive iodine targets and destroys any remaining thyroid tissue or cells that may be present in the body.
43
What is the treatment for thyroid cancer?
Surgery, radioactive iodine ablation (lymphangitic spread can be present), and TSH suppression with exogenous thyroxine.
44
What is the saying for the symptoms of Primary Hyperparathyroidism?
“Stones, Bones, Abdominal groans, Psychiatric Moans”.
45
What is the gold standard imaging for the pancreas?
A CT
46
What is the main cause of acute pancreatitis?
Alcoholism
47
What is chronic pancreatitis?
Inflammation of the pancreas that does not heal or improve—it gets worse over time and leads to permanent damage. Chronic pancreatitis eventually impairs a patient's ability to digest food and make pancreatic hormones
48
What is Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?
A rare condition in which one or more tumors form in your pancreas or the upper part of your small intestine (duodenum). These tumors, called gastrinomas, secrete large amounts of the hormone gastrin, which causes your stomach to produce too much acid.
49
What is the TNM scale for tumor classification?
T=tumor N=nodes M=metastisis
50
What disease results in hypertension and hypokalemia?
Conn syndrome (primary aldosteronism) -excessive secretion of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal glands. This overproduction leads to the retention of sodium and loss of potassium in the body
51
What type of acid increases osmotic load and passive swelling of tissues
hyaluronic acid

Ex3 Phys/Pathophys (4 decks)

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